Gall wasps, also incorrectly called gallflies, are hymenopterans of the family Cynipidae in the wasp superfamily Cynipoidea. Their common name comes from the galls they induce on plants for larval development. About 1,300 species of this generally very small creature (1–8 mm) are known worldwide, with about 360 species of 36 different genera in Europe and some 800 species in North America.
Dryocosmus are a genus of gall wasps. They are cyclically parthenogenetic insects that induce galls on plants in the family Fagaceae.
Andricus is a genus of gall wasps in the family Cynipidae, tribe Cynipini.
Cynipini is a tribe of gall wasps. These insects induce galls in plants of the beech and oak family, Fagaceae. They are known commonly as the oak gall wasps. It is the largest cynipid tribe, with about 936 to 1000 recognized species, most of which are associated with oaks. The tribe is mainly native to the Holarctic. Cynipini wasps can act as ecosystem engineers. Their galls can become hosts of inquilines, and the wasps themselves are hosts to parasitoids.
Andricus quercuscalifornicus, or the California gall wasp, is a small wasp species that induces oak apple galls on white oaks, primarily the Valley Oak but also other species such as Quercus berberidifolia. The California gall wasp is considered an ecosystem engineer, capable of manipulating the growth of galls for their own development. It is found from Washington, Oregon, and California to northern regions of Mexico. Often multiple wasps in different life stages occupy the same gall. The induced galls help establish complex insect communities, promoting the diversification in niche differentiation. Furthermore, the adaptive value of these galls could be attributed their ecological benefits such as nutrition, provision of microenvironment, and enemy avoidance.
Aphelonyx is a genus of oak gall wasps in the family Cynipidae, comprising three known species:
Atrusca is a genus of gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. It consists of approximately 50 species, and is found in North and Central America.
Bassettia is a genus of gall wasps found in North America.
Synergini is a tribe of tropical gall wasps in the subfamily Cynipinae.
Amphibolips gainesi is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae.
Amphibolips is an American genus of gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. There are about 52 described species in Amphibolips.
Heteroecus is a genus of gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. There are about seven described species in Heteroecus.
Disholcaspis is a genus of gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. There are more than 20 described species in Disholcaspis.
Callirhytis is a genus of gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. There are more than 90 described species in Callirhytis.
Andricus dimorphus, also called the clustered midrib gall wasp, is a species of oak gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. Galls in which the larvae live and feed are formed in clusters along the midrib on the underside of oak leaves.
Amphibolips quercusostensackenii is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. It is found throughout eastern North America.
Phylloteras is a North American genus of gall wasps in the family Cynipidae, tribe Cynipini .
Acraspis macrocarpae, the jewel oak gall wasp, is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae, tribe Cynipini , found in North America.
Antron is a genus of gall wasps in the tribe Cynipini, the oak gall wasps. Some authors have included it within the genus Cynips but it was recently resurrected. The genus was established by Alfred Kinsey in 1930.
