Cynipini | |
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Cynips sp. | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Hymenoptera |
Family: | Cynipidae |
Subfamily: | Cynipinae |
Tribe: | Cynipini Leach, 1815 |
Cynipini is a tribe of gall wasps. These insects induce galls in plants of the beech and oak family, Fagaceae. [1] They are known commonly as the oak gall wasps. [2] It is the largest cynipid tribe, with about 936 [3] to 1000 [2] recognized species, most of which are associated with oaks. [2] The tribe is mainly native to the Holarctic. [3]
Cynipini wasps can act as ecosystem engineers. Their galls can become hosts of inquilines, and the wasps themselves are hosts to parasitoids. [4]
Most of these wasps undergo cyclical parthenogenesis, sometimes reproducing sexually, and sometimes producing young without fertilization. [2] [5]
Andricus is a genus of oak gall wasps in the family Cynipidae.
Coffeikokkos is a genus of gall wasp.
Synergini is a tribe of gall wasps in the subfamily Cynipinae.
Amphibolips is an American genus of gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. There are about 57 described species in the genus Amphibolips with several others still undescribed.
Feron kingi, the red cone gall wasp, is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae.
Striatoandricus is a genus of Neotropical gall wasps (Cynipidae). There are six described species, four of which were formerly included in Andricus. All species induce galls on oaks in which their larvae live and feed.
Druon is a genus of gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. The type species is Druon protagion. Recognised species include:
Burnettweldia is a genus of oak gall wasps in the Nearctic.
Feron gigas, also known as the saucer gall wasp, is a species of gall-forming wasp in the genus Feron. It induces galls on the leaves of scrub oaks, blue oaks, and Engelmann oaks. The galls produced by its all-female generation, which emerges in winter, are 3-4 mm wide, circular with raised edges. They are red, pink, brown, or purple. The larval chamber exists as a raised bump in the gall's center. The bisexual generation produces galls that are brown and cone-shaped.
Burnettweldia plumbella, also known as the beaked twig gall wasp, is a species of gall wasp. Previously in the genus Disholcaspis, it was moved into a new genus, Burnettweldia, in 2021. This wasp induces galls on oak trees, including blue oak, leather oak, Muller's oak, and scrub oaks. The galls are up to 15 mm in diameter and brightly colored, coming in either red with yellow spots or green with yellow spots. Their name comes from the galls' pointed tip. Galls are formed in spring and summer, and adults emerge from them in November and December. The adult wasps are 3–4 mm in length.
Feron pattersonae, also known as the plate gall wasp, is a species of oak gall wasp in the genus Feron. Their hosts are among the white oaks grouping of oaks, with blue oak being common.
Kokkocynips is an American genus of gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. There are about 8 described species in the genus Kokkocynips with several others still undescribed.
Feron atrimentum, also known as the striped volcano gall wasp, is a species of gall-forming wasp in the genus Feron. It induces galls on blue oak leaves. Like other oak gall wasps, it has two generations: a bisexual generation, and a parthenogenic female generation. The bisexual generation produces round, 3–4 millimetres (0.12–0.16 in) galls in spring that start as green or pink, and then turn brown. The unisexual generation produces conical, 4–4 millimetres (0.16–0.16 in) galls in summer that are pale with red stripes.
Acraspis guadaloupensis is a relatively uncommon species of cynipid wasp that produces galls on intermediate oaks. The intermediate oak disc wasp was first described in 1911 and has been moved between genera more than once. Distribution is limited to California in North America. The flattened galls appear on leaves of Quercus chrysolepis, the canyon live oak.
Feron bakkeri, also known as the pinched leaf gall wasp, is a relatively uncommon species of gall-inducing hymenopteran. They produce pink leaf galls on Oregon oaks and scrub oaks. The distribution of this wasp is California and Oregon in North America. It was previously placed in the genus Andricus.
Besbicus is a genus of gall-inducing cynipid wasp found in North America. Several species now classed as Besbicus were formerly considered to be a part of the genus Cynips. Besbicus was originally described as a subgenus by Alfred Kinsey in 1929. Circa 2010, one group of entomologists noted that it was "possible that the nearctic genera Antron and Besbicus were erroneously synonymized to Cynips".
Disholandricus is a genus of oak gall wasps found in the Nearctic biographic realm.
Feron is a genus of oak gall wasps in the Nearctic. It was established by Alfred Kinsey in 1937, then re-established in 2023.
Paracraspis is a genus of oak gall wasps in the Nearctic. It was established by Lewis Hart Weld in 1952, then re-established in 2021.