The International Criminal Court is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal seated in The Hague,Netherlands. It is the first and only permanent international court with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide,crimes against humanity,war crimes and the crime of aggression. The ICC is distinct from the International Court of Justice,an organ of the United Nations that hears disputes between states.
Universal jurisdiction is a legal principle that allows states or international organizations to claim criminal jurisdiction over an accused person regardless of where the alleged crime was committed,and regardless of the accused's nationality,country of residence,or any other relation to the prosecuting entity. Crimes prosecuted under universal jurisdiction are considered crimes against all,too serious to tolerate jurisdictional arbitrage. The concept of universal jurisdiction is therefore closely linked to the idea that some international norms are erga omnes,or owed to the entire world community,as well as to the concept of jus cogens –that certain international law obligations are binding on all states.
The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) is the principal public agency for conducting criminal prosecutions in England and Wales. It is headed by the Director of Public Prosecutions.
In the United States,a district attorney (DA),county attorney,county prosecutor,state's attorney,prosecuting attorney,commonwealth's attorney,state attorney or solicitor is the chief prosecutor or chief law enforcement officer representing a U.S. state in a local government area,typically a county or a group of counties. The exact and scope of the office varies by state. Generally,the prosecutor represents the people of the jurisdiction. With the exception of three states,district attorneys are elected,unlike similar roles in other common law jurisdictions.
A prosecutor is a legal representative of the prosecution in states with either the common law adversarial system or the civil law inquisitorial system. The prosecution is the legal party responsible for presenting the case in a criminal trial against the defendant,an individual accused of breaking the law. Typically,the prosecutor represents the state or the government in the case brought against the accused person.
The United States Ambassador-at-Large for Global Criminal Justice is the head of the Office of Global Criminal Justice in the United States Department of State. The ambassador-at-large advises the United States Secretary of State and the Under Secretary of State for Civilian Security,Democracy,and Human Rights directly and formulates U.S. policy responses to atrocities committed in areas of conflict and elsewhere throughout the world. As the President’s envoy,this Ambassador travels worldwide engaging heads of state and international organizations to build bilateral and international support for U.S. policies. As part of this,the Ambassador visits affected countries and engages a range of diplomatic,legal,economic,military,and intelligence tools to help secure peace and stability and build the rule of law. As the head of the Office of Global Criminal Justice,this Ambassador also has the rank of Assistant Secretary.
Andrew Thomas Cayley,,is an English and Welsh King's Counsel and is His Majesty's Chief Inspector of the Crown Prosecution Service having been appointed by the Attorney General of England and Wales,Suella Braverman MP,KC on 19 January 2021.
In the practice of international law,Command Responsibility is the legal doctrine of hierarchical accountability for war crimes,whereby a commanding officer (military) and a superior officer (civil) is legally responsible for the war crimes and the crimes against humanity committed by his subordinates;thus,a commanding officer always is accountable for the acts of commission and the acts of omission of his soldiers.
Tai-Heng Cheng is a Singaporean legal scholar,lawyer,and international arbitrator. He currently resides in United States of America as a permanent resident.
Stephen J. Rapp is an American lawyer and the former United States Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes Issues in the Office of Global Criminal Justice.
Larisa Miculeț is a lawyer and Moldovan government official,currently holding the position of the Chargéd’Affairs of the Embassy of the Republic of Moldova to Ireland. Previously,Mrs. Miculet held the position of Ambassador at Large at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration being in charge of Multilateral diplomacy,and concurrently serving as the Head of National delegation to IHRA.
ArentFox Schiff LLP is a white shoe law firm and lobbying firm based in Washington,D.C.,with offices in New York City,Boston,San Francisco,Los Angeles,Ann Arbor,Chicago,and Lake Forest. It represents corporations,politicians,and nonprofit organizations.
John Clint Williamson is an American diplomat,lawyer,and educator who has served in a variety of senior-level roles with the United States Government,the United Nations,and the European Union. He is the leader of the Atrocity Crimes Advisory Group (ACA),the agreed trans-Atlantic community mechanism for addressing atrocity crimes in Ukraine.
Fatou Bom Bensouda is a Gambian lawyer and former Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC),who has served as the Gambian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom since 3 August 2022.
Luis Moreno Ocampo is an Argentine lawyer who served as the first Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) from 2003 to 2012. Previously,he had played a major role in Argentina's democratic transition (1983–1991).
Allan A. Ryan Jr. was an American attorney,author and a law school professor at Harvard University,where he was teaching from 1985 until his passing. He is best known for his work as a Justice Department lawyer who in the early 1980s identified and prosecuted dozens of Nazi collaborators living in the United States,earning him a reputation as America's foremost Nazi hunter.
The Whitney R. Harris World Law Institute at Washington University School of Law,established in 2000 as the Institute for Global Legal Studies,serves as a center for instruction and research in international and comparative law.
Cándido Conde-Pumpido Tourón is a Spanish judge who currently serves as president of the Constitutional Court since January 12,2023.
John Cotton Richmond is an American attorney and diplomat. From 2018 to 2021,Richmond served as the U.S. Ambassador-at-Large to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons. He currently works as a partner at Dentons,a multinational law firm.
Beth Van Schaack is an American attorney and academic who serves as the United States ambassador-at-large for global criminal justice.
