The Battle of Quebec was fought on December 31, 1775, between American Continental Army forces and the British defenders of Quebec City early in the American Revolutionary War. The battle was the first major defeat of the war for the Americans, and it came with heavy losses. General Richard Montgomery was killed, Benedict Arnold was wounded, and Daniel Morgan and more than 400 men were taken prisoner. The city's garrison, a motley assortment of regular troops and militia led by Quebec's provincial governor, General Guy Carleton, suffered a small number of casualties.
This section of the timeline of Quebec history concerns the events between the fall of Quebec as part of New France during the French and Indian Wars and as part of British North America, through the adoption of the Quebec Act (1774), until just before the division of the province into Upper and Lower Canada by the Constitutional Act (1791).
The office of Commander-in-Chief, North America was a military position of the British Army. Established in 1755 in the early years of the Seven Years' War, holders of the post were generally responsible for land-based military personnel and activities in and around those parts of North America that Great Britain either controlled or contested. The post continued to exist until 1775, when Lieutenant-General Thomas Gage, the last holder of the post, was replaced early in the American War of Independence. The post's responsibilities were then divided: Major-General William Howe became Commander-in-Chief, America, responsible for British troops from West Florida to Newfoundland, and General Guy Carleton became Commander-in-Chief, Quebec, responsible for the defence of the Province of Quebec.
General Thomas Carleton was an Irish-born British Army officer who was promoted to colonel during the American Revolutionary War after relieving the siege of Quebec in 1776. After the war, he was appointed as Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick, and supervised the resettlement of Loyalists from the United States in the province. He held this position until his death, although he was absent in England for the last fourteen years of his tenure, refusing orders to return in a dispute about seniority.
Clément Gosselin was a French Canadian soldier who served in Moses Hazen's 2nd Canadian Regiment of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He recruited other French Canadians, assisted in American operations during and after the Battle of Quebec, and, following the American retreat from Quebec in 1776, continued to serve in Hazen's regiment. Included in that service were spy missions to the province of Quebec.
Pierre-Paul Margane de Lavaltrie was a seigneur and political figure in Lower Canada.
Charles François Bailly de Messein was a priest active in the British province of Quebec during the American Revolutionary War. He is best known for his Loyalist activism during the American invasion of Quebec, when he was injured during the Battle of Saint-Pierre, and for publicly supporting a planned university that his bishop opposed.
John Parr was a British military officer and governor of Nova Scotia. He is buried in the crypt of St. Paul's Church.
Christophe Pélissier was born in the parish of Saint-Pierre et Saint-Saturnin, Lyons, France, the son of François-Christophe Pélissier, a merchant, and Agathe Martaud La Rigaudière. He died, apparently in France, in 1779.
The Battle of Saint-Pierre was a military confrontation on March 25, 1776, near the Quebec village of Saint-Pierre, south of Quebec City. This confrontation, which occurred during the Continental Army's siege of Quebec following its defeat at the Battle of Quebec, was between forces that were both largely composed of Canadian militia, including individuals on both sides of the conflict that had been recruited in the same communities. The Patriot forces routed the Loyalist forces, killing at least 3 and capturing more than 30.
Philippe Liébert was a French Canadian soldier who fought on the U.S. side of the American Revolutionary War, serving in Moses Hazen's 2nd Canadian Regiment of the Continental Army.
Hector Theophilus de Cramahé, born Théophile Hector Chateigner de Cramahé, was Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Quebec, and titular Lieutenant Governor of Detroit.
George Allsopp was a British-born Canadian businessman and government office holder. He became a merchant in Quebec in the 1760s and a seigneur in 1773. He went heavily into debt to open a gristmill, which in 1788 was the province's largest producer of flour. He also lobbied the Quebec and British government for reforms to the Quebec judicial system and the creation of a legislative assembly. He was also appointed to various government positions, including the province's executive council and as a justice of the peace.
The Council for the Affairs of the Province of Quebec, more commonly called the Legislative Council of Quebec, was an advisory body constituted by section XII of the Quebec Act of 1774. Together with the representative of the Crown, it acted, between 1774 and 1791, as the legislature of the old Province of Quebec.
The title of Chief Justice of Quebec is assumed by the chief justice of the Court of Appeal of Quebec. From 1849 to 1974 it was assumed by the Chief Justice from the Court of Queen's Bench or Court of King's Bench.
The Battle at Port-la-Joye was a battle in King George's War that took place with British against French troops and Mi'kmaq militia on the banks of present-day Hillsborough River, Prince Edward Island in the summer of 1746. French officer Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Roch de Ramezay sent French and Mi'kmaq forces to Port-la-Joye where they surprised and defeated a force of 200 Massachusetts militia in two British naval vessels that were gathering provisions for recently captured Louisbourg.
Michel Blais (Blay) was a Canadian born militia Captain and a co-seigneur.
Pierre-René Floquet was a Jesuit priest in Quebec sympathetic to the Americans during the American Revolutionary War.
Louis Liénard de Beaujeu de Villemonde was a militia and army officer and seigneur in Quebec.
