Psittacanthus biternatus

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Psittacanthus biternatus
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Santalales
Family: Loranthaceae
Genus: Psittacanthus
Species:
P. biternatus
Binomial name
Psittacanthus biternatus
Synonyms

Loranthus biternatus Hoffmanns. [1]
Loranthus pohlii A.DC. [1]
Psittacanthus glaucocoma Eichler [1] [3]
Psittacanthus leiternetus (Hoffmanns.) Blume [1]
Glossidea biternata (Hoffmanns.) Tiegh. [3]
Glossidea glaucocoma (Eichler) Tiegh. [3]

Contents

Psittacanthus biternatus is a species of mistletoe in the family Loranthaceae, which is native to Brazil, Venezuela, [3] [1] [4] and Colombia. [3]

Mistletoe

Mistletoe is the English common name for most obligate hemiparasitic plants in the order Santalales. They are attached to their host tree or shrub by a structure called the haustorium, through which they extract water and nutrients from the host plant. Their parasitic lifestyle has led to some dramatic changes in their metabolism.

Loranthaceae family of plants

Loranthaceae, commonly known as the showy mistletoes, is a family of flowering plants. It consists of about 75 genera and 1,000 species of woody plants, many of them hemiparasites. The three terrestrial species are Nuytsia floribunda, Atkinsonia ligustrina, and Gaiadendron punctatum Loranthaceae are primarily xylem parasites, but their haustoria may sometimes tap the phloem, while Tristerix aphyllus is almost holoparasitic. For a more complete description of the Australian Loranthaceae, see Flora of Australia online., for the Malesian Loranthaceae see Flora of Malesia.

Brazil Federal republic in South America

Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At 8.5 million square kilometers and with over 208 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the fifth most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populated city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states, the Federal District, and the 5,570 municipalities. It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world.

Description

Kuijt [4] describes Psittacanthus biternatus as having:

It is hemiparasitic and has no epicortical roots. [1]

Psittacanthus biternatus is distinguished from other Psittacanthus species by its generally obovate or circular leaves, its axillary inflorescences in the older branches and its main and secondary peduncles being red, and its uncrowned black fruit. [1]

<i>Psittacanthus</i> genus of plants

Psittacanthus, also parrot-flower, is a plant genus in the family Loranthaceae. It is a type of mistletoe native from central Mexico southwards to Central America and parts of South America.

It flowers and fruits throughout the year and is pollinated by hummingbirds and dispersed by birds (tyrannids and traupids). It parasites several species of angiosperms, but more frequently Pouteria ramiflora , Byrsonima coccolobifolia and B. crassifolia . [1]

<i>Byrsonima coccolobifolia</i> species of plant

Byrsonima coccolobifolia is a species of plant in the Malpighiaceae family. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela.

<i>Byrsonima crassifolia</i> species of plant

Byrsonima crassifolia is a species of flowering plant bearing fruit in the acerola family, Malpighiaceae, that is native to tropical America. Common names include changunga, muruci, murici, nanche, nance, nancite, chacunga, craboo, kraabu, savanna serrette and golden spoon. In Jamaica it is called hogberry.

Distribution

In Brazil, it is found in the Amazon Rainforest, Caatinga, Central Brazilian Savanna, and the Atlantic Rainforest, inhabiting the vegetation types of Caatinga, Amazonian Campinarana, Cerrado, riverine forest and/or gallery forest, Terra Firme Forest, Várzea forest, and coastal forest(Restinga). [1]

Taxonomy

Psittacanthus biternatus was first described by Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg in 1829 as Loranthus biternatus, [5] [2] and in 1834, George Don reassigned it to the newly described genus Psittacanthus . [6] [7]

Etymology

Psittacanthos comes from the Greek psittakos (parrot), and the Greek anthos (flower), possibly chosen, according to Don, [7] because of the bright colours. The specific epithet, biternatus, is the Latin for twice ternate, which according to Stearn [8] means each of the three main divisions, being itself divided in three. In this case, it refers to the inflorescence which is an umbel of triads, which is often a pair (see illustration on p 89 of Kuijt [4] ).

Related Research Articles

<i>Loranthus</i> genus of plants

Loranthus is a genus of parasitic plants that grow on the branches of woody trees. It belongs to the family Loranthaceae, the showy mistletoe family. In most earlier systematic treatments it contains all mistletoe species with bisexual flowers, though some species have reversed to unisexual flowers. Other treatments restrict the genus to a few species. The systematic situation of Loranthus is not entirely clear.

<i>Dichotomanthes</i> genus of plants

Dichotomanthes is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rosaceae. The sole species is Dichotomanthes tristaniaecarpa. The flower is perigynous the ovary is superior. The fruit of the plant is a dry achene.

<i>Dendropemon</i> genus of plants

Dendropemon is a genus of mistletoes which is endemic to the Caribbean. Members of the genus are hemi-parasites which normally grow on trees and shrubs, although self-parasitism is known to occur. The approximately 31 species range from The Bahamas and Cuba in the north and west, to Barbados and St. Vincent in the southwest. Diversity and endemism is highest on the island of Hispaniola.

<i>Psittacanthus robustus</i> species of plant

Psittacanthus robustus is a species of neotropical mistletoe in the family Loranthaceae, which is found in Brazil, Colombia, Guyana and Venezuela.

<i>Atkinsonia</i> genus of plants

Atkinsonia is a hemi-parasitic shrub with oppositely set, entire leaves and yellowish, later rusty-red colored flowers, that is found in Eastern Australia. It is a monotypic genus, the only species being A. ligustrina, and is assigned to the showy mistletoe family, Loranthaceae. It is sometimes called Louisa's mistletoe.

<i>Amyema gaudichaudii</i> species of plant

Amyema gaudichaudii, commonly known as melaleuca mistletoe is a plant in the family Loranthaceae endemic to eastern Australia. Like other mistletoes, it is a shrubby, woody, aerial hemiparasite plant. It has relatively small, wedge-shaped leaves and small, dark red flowers arranged in groups of three. It only grows on a few species of Melaleuca.

<i>Amyema melaleucae</i> species of plant

Amyema melaleucae, also known as the tea-tree mistletoe, is a species of flowering plant within the genus Amyema, an epiphytic hemiparasitic plant of the family Loranthaceae native to Australia and found in Western Australia and South Australia on the coast, from north of Perth almost to the Victorian border.

<i>Psittacanthus calyculatus</i> species of plant

Psittacanthus calyculatus,, is a species of neotropical mistletoe in the family Loranthaceae, native to Colombia, Mexico, the Mexican Gulf and Venezuela.

<i>Psittacanthus cordatus</i> species of plant

Psittacanthus cordatus is a species of neotropical mistletoe in the family Loranthaceae, which is native to Bolivia and Brazil.

<i>Psittacanthus brasiliensis</i> species of plant

Psittacanthus brasiliensis is a species of neotropical mistletoe in the family Loranthaceae, which is endemic to Brazil.

<i>Psittacanthus schiedeanus</i> species of plant

Psittacanthus schiedeanus G.Don is a species of neotropical mistletoe in the family Loranthaceae, which is native to Panamá, Costa Rica, Honduras and Mexico.

Job Kuijt, is a Canadian botanist, with particular interest in Viscaceae, Loranthaceae and Eremolepidaceae

<i>Psittacanthus acinarius</i> species of plant

Psittacanthus acinarius is a species of mistletoe in the family Loranthaceae, which is native to Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, and French Guiana.

<i>Muellerina bidwillii</i> species of plant

Muellerina bidwillii, common name Cypress-pine mistletoe, is a hemiparasitic arial shrub in the family Loranthaceae. The species is endemic to New South Wales and Queensland.

<i>Lysiana murrayi</i> species of plant

Lysiana murrayi is an erect or spreading hemi-parasitic shrub in the Loranthaceae which occurs in all mainland states of Australia except Victoria. It has flat narrow leaves. The leaves are 2.5-6 cm long, 1–3.5 mm wide, do not have a distinct petiole, and the venation is not visible. The inflorescence is a solitary flower or pair of flowers without a common peduncle. The pedicels are 8–20 mm long, and strongly winged towards the apex. The spreading, membranous bracts are 2–3 mm long, and rounded at the apex. The corolla of the mature bud is usually 18–28 mm long, and white, yellow or pink. The fruit is globose, 7–12 mm long, and pink or red.

<i>Muellerina myrtifolia</i> species of plant

Muellerina myrtifolia, common name myrtle-leaved mistletoe, is a hemiparasitic arial shrub in the family Loranthaceae. The species is endemic to New South Wales and Queensland.

<i>Muellerina celastroides</i> species of plant

Muellerina celastroides, common names Banksia mistletoe and coast mistletoe, is a hemiparasitic arial shrub in the family Loranthaceae. The species is endemic to New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland.

<i>Cecarria</i> species of plant

Cecarria is a monotypic genus in the family Loranthaceae. The sole species is Cecarria obtusifolia, a hemiparasitic aerial shrub.

<i>Psittacanthus cucullaris</i> species of plant

Psittacanthus cucullaris is a species of mistletoe in the family Loranthaceae, and is native to Costa Rica, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela and Brazil.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Psittacanthus biternatus (Hoffmanns.) G.Don". Flora do Brasil 2020: Algae, Fungi, Plants, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  2. 1 2 Hoffmansegg (1829) Systema Vegetabilium, ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7(1): 124.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Govaerts, R. et. al. 2018. "Plants of the World online: Psittacanthus biternatus". Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  4. 1 2 3 Kuijt, J (2009) Monograph of Psittacanthus (Loranthaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 86, 1-361. JSTOR
  5. "IPNI: Loranthus biternatus". International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  6. "IPNI: Psittacanthus biternatus". International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  7. 1 2 Don, G. (1834) "A general history of the dichlamydeous plants :comprising complete descriptions of the different orders...the whole arranged according to the natural system 3: 415".
  8. Stearn, W.S. (1992) Botanical Latin (4th Ed.) p. 376. Timber Press, Oregon. ISBN   9780881926279