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Order Desmothoracida, the desmothoracids, are a group of heliozoan protists, usually sessile and found in freshwater environments. The adult is a spherical cell around 10-20 μm in diameter surrounded by a perforated organic lorica, or shell, with many radial pseudopods projecting through the holes to capture food. These are supported by small bundles of microtubules that arise near a point on the nuclear membrane. Unlike other heliozoans, the microtubules are not in any regular geometric array, there does not appear to be a microtubule organizing center, and there is no distinction between the outer and inner cytoplasm.
The Trionychidae are a taxonomic family of a number of turtle genera, commonly known as softshell turtles. The family was erected by Leopold Fitzinger in 1826. Softshells include some of the world's largest freshwater turtles, though many can adapt to living in highly brackish areas. Members of this family occur in Africa, Asia, and North America. Most species have traditionally been included in the genus Trionyx, but the vast majority have since been moved to other genera. Among these are the North American Apalone softshells that were placed in Trionyx until 1987.
The prickly deep-sea skate, or spinydeep-sea skate, is a skate in the family Arhynchobatidae. It is found off New Zealand, at depths of from 170 to 1,400 m on the continental shelf. Their length is from 60 to 80 cm.
Apalone is a genus of turtles in the family Trionychidae. Species of Apalone are native to North America.
The spiny softshell turtle is a species of softshell turtle, one of the largest freshwater turtle species in North America. Both the common name, spiny softshell, and the specific name, spinifera (spine-bearing), refer to the spiny, cone-like projections on the leading edge of the carapace, which are not scutes (scales).
The pallid spiny softshell turtle is a subspecies of softshell turtle native to the U.S. states of Oklahoma, Louisiana and Texas. It was first described by Robert G. Webb in 1962.
The northern spiny softshell turtle is a subspecies of soft-shelled turtle in the family Trionychidae. The subspecies is native to the United States and can be found from Montana at the western edge of its range to Vermont and Quebec on the eastern edge. Introduced populations have also been found in Massachusetts, New Jersey, Arizona, and Virginia.
The Guadalupe spiny softshell turtle is a subspecies of soft-shelled turtle native to the United States, in the state of Texas. Their range is limited only to the Nueces and Guadalupe rivers, and their immediate tributaries.
The Texas spiny softshell turtle is a subspecies of the spiny softshell turtle in the family Trionychidae. The subspecies is native to the southwestern United States. The subspecific name, emoryi, is in honor of United States Army officer and surveyor William Hemsley Emory. A. s. emoryi is found in Texas and New Mexico, in the Rio Grande and its immediate tributaries.
The Gulf Coast spiny softshell turtle(Apalone spinifera aspera), a subspecies in the Trionychidae family of softshell turtles, is endemic to the southeastern United States.
Ranoidea spinifera is a species of frog in the family Pelodryadidae. It is sometimes called spiny tree frog, but that can also refer to Nyctixalus spinosus of the Philippines. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forests.
Acanthinula spinifera is a species of minute air-breathing land snail in the family Valloniidae. It is endemic to the Canary Islands.
Atriplex spinifera is a species of saltbush, known by the common names spiny saltbush and spinescale saltbush.
Agrotis spinifera, or Gregson's dart, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Jacob Hübner in 1808. It is found in southern Europe, Arabia to southern Africa, Madagascar, Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kashmir, India to Myanmar and Sri Lanka.
Gonyaulax is a genus of dinoflagellates with the type species Gonyaulax spinifera Diesing. Gonyaulax belongs to red dinoflagellates and commonly causes red tides.It secrete a poisonous toxin known as "saxitoxin" which causes paralysis in humans.
Holothuria spinifera, the brown sandfish, is a species of sea cucumber in the family Holothuriidae. It is placed in the subgenus Theelothuria, making its full name Holothuria (Theelothuria) spinifera. In India it is known as "cheena attai" or "raja attai". It lives in tropical regions of the west Indo-Pacific Ocean at depths ranging from 32 to 60 metres. It is fished commercially to produce "beche-de-mer".
Pterolophia is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
Pterolophia guineensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by James Thomson in 1864, originally under the genus Alyattes.
Nupserha spinifera is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gressitt in 1948.
References
- ↑ BioLib.cz - Pterolophia spinifera. Retrieved on 8 September 2014.