Quarter (Canadian coin)

Last updated

Quarter
Canada
Value0.25 Canadian dollar
Mass4.4 g
Diameter23.88 mm
Thickness1.58 mm
Edge Milled
CompositionNickel-plated steel
94% steel,
3.8% Cu,
2.2% Ni plating
Years of minting1870–present
Obverse
Quarter Obverse 2023.png
Design Charles III, King of Canada
Designer Martin Jennings
Design date2023
Reverse
Quarter Reverse 2010.png
Design Caribou
Designer Emmanuel Hahn
Design date1937

The quarter, short for quarter dollar, is a Canadian coin worth 25 cents or one-fourth of a Canadian dollar. It is a small, circular coin of silver colour. According to the Royal Canadian Mint, the official name for the coin is the 25-cent piece, but in practice, it is usually called a "quarter", much like its American counterpart. In Canadian French, it is called a caribou. The coin is produced at the mint's facility in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Contents

History

Early coinage (1870–1910)

The first coinage minted for what would later become the Canadian Confederation originated in legislation enacted in 1853. Per the Act 16 Vict. c. 158, the Province of Canada was to issue "dollars, cents, and mills" that would co-circulate with English shillings and pence. [1] While bronze and silver coins were initially struck at the Royal Mint in 1858, these only included currency up to twenty-cents. [1] When the first coinage for the Dominion of Canada was struck in 1870, only silver coins were issued, which included a twenty-five cent piece in substitution for the twenty-cent coin. [1] This denomination change brought the new monetary system, which was based on the United States gold dollar concurrently with the British sovereign, into conformity with the United States quarter. [1] In a related event, the Canadian government also issued twenty-five cent notes to provide the country with fractional currency. By doing so, this relieved the "strain consequent" upon the removal from circulation of United States silver. [2]

Canadian quarters initially weighed 89.66 grains and were roughly 24 mm in diameter with a plain edge. [1] [3] The obverse featured a portrait of Queen Victoria (designed by Leonard C. Wyon) wearing a tiara, while the reverse had the denomination and date under a crown within a wreath. [4] Public opinion of this new coin was positive as the American Journal of Numismatics and Bulletin of American Numismatic and Archæological Societies noted that the quarter was considered "more convenient than the old twenty cent piece". [3] In 1871, two varieties of quarters co-circulated: those without a mintmark were made by the Royal Mint, while "H" marked coins were made in Birmingham, England, by Ralph Heaton & Sons. [3] Heaton & Sons continued to mint only "H" marked quarters for 1872. [5] No quarters were struck by the Royal Mint or Heaton for Canada in 1873 as there was an increased demand for "Imperial coinage". [6] Heaton continued to mint quarters for Canada afterward from 1874 to 1883. [5] There was a four-year hiatus during this period as the coins were transitioned from a plan to a milled edge.

Enlargements to the facilities at the Royal Mint were completed in 1883, which meant they could handle Canadian coin production. [7] Quarters that date from 1884 to 1889 were all struck at the Royal Mint in London before Heaton was called for again. [5] [7] The Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Montreal commented in their entry for 1890 that this choice indicated that there was a rush of business at the Royal Mint that year. [7] Coinage returned to the Royal Mint in 1891 and Canadian quarters were struck there through the remainder of Queen Victoria's reign. [5] When Edward VII ascended to the throne in 1901, a new obverse portrait for the quarter was used. British medalist George William de Saulles designed a right-facing bust of the king surrounded by the words "Edwardus VII Dei gratia Rex Imperator". Canadian quarters continued to be struck in England until 1907 with the opening of the Ottawa Mint. [5] When Edward VII died in 1910, a controversy arose in the following year with a new portrait design for George V.

Georgian coinage (1911–1952)

King George V's portrait was designed by Australian sculptor and medalist Bertram Mackennal with the words "Georgius V Rex et Ind:Imp:"; however, this was criticized by the public as the decision to omit "Dei gratia" (by the grace of God) was called "godless" and "graceless". [8] [9] As a result, the words Dei gra were added into the design the following year. On May 11, 1920, a new coinage act was put into place that affected the amount of silver in the quarter. While the previous "British standard" fineness of .925 silver (sterling) was reduced to .800, the weight and diameter of the quarter remained the same. [10] [11] This act was put into place as the price of silver had risen due to the aftermath of World War I. [12] [13] No quarters were minted between 1921 and 1927 as the rising price of silver made them unprofitable. When quarter production resumed in 1927, the Royal Canadian Mint initially planned to strike commemorative coins to celebrate Canada's 60th anniversary. Although a winning design was chosen for the quarter, it was never used as the plan was scrapped. [14]

No more proposed changes to the quarter were made during the remaining years of King George V's reign. When he died in January 1936, his son Edward VIII assumed the throne but soon abdicated in December 1936. After his brother George VI assumed the throne on December 11, 1936, a new effigy was needed for Canadian coinage. As it was late in the year, the Royal Mint could not immediately make coins with a die depicting the new king with a 1937 date. It was instead decided by the mint to continue minting 1936 dated quarters with a dot added below the date on the reverse which signified that they were made in 1937. [13] The new effigy of George VI was designed by Humphrey Paget and was ready for use later in the year. The king is shown on the obverse side facing left, with the inscription "Georgius VI D:G: Rex Et Ind:Imp:". [15] During this time, new reverse designs were also planned for circulating denominations below fifty cents. Initial proposals included a caribou design for the five-cent coin, a beaver design for the ten-cent coin, and the Bluenose for the twenty-five-cent coin. [14] After some debate, the head of a caribou was designed by Canadian sculptor Emanuel Hahn for the quarter. [16]

India's declaration of independence in 1947 affected the quarter, as the words Ind:Imp: (Emperor of India) had to be removed from the obverse of the coin. This change was made under article 7.2 of the Parliament of the United Kingdom's Indian Independence Act 1947. [17] As the dies omitting the title were not immediately ready for use, a small maple leaf was added next to the 1947 dated coins on the reverse for quarters minted into 1948. [18] King George VI died in 1952 and a new obverse effigy featuring Queen Elizabeth II appeared in the following year.

Elizabeth II (1953–1989)

The first effigy of Queen Elizabeth II was designed by sculptor and medalist Mary Gillick, who chose to depict the queen at 27 years old facing right. As with the previous monarchs, her effigy is surrounded with Latin text which reads "Elizabeth II Dei Gratia Regina" (Elizabeth II, by the grace of God, Queen). [19] For Canadian coinage, this marked the first time that master dies were made at the Royal Canadian Mint. [20] During production, the diameter of the quarter was increased from 23.6 to 23.9 mm. [10] [a] For reasons unknown, these were also struck in two major varieties, "with a shoulder fold" and "without a shoulder fold" (or strap) on the new effigy. [21] While quarters dated 1954 have a low mintage, an increased demand for small change (felt most with dimes and quarters) boosted production by 50% in the following year. [22] In 1964, Queen Elizabeth approved a second effigy of herself on Canadian coinage which was made by British artist and sculptor Arnold Machin. [23] This second bust features the Queen facing right while wearing a tiara surrounded by Latin text where "Dei Gratia" is abbreviated again to read "D.G." [19]

When silver prices rose sharply in the mid-1960s, the Canadian government initially set 1966 as a proposed transition year for an alternative alloy for coinage. This proposed year in actuality is when a government committee was formed on the matter and nickel was chosen to replace silver. [24] Two major events regarding the Canadian quarter occurred in 1967. During this year Canada celebrated it's centennial with special circulating commemoratives. According to James A. Haxby of the Roal Canadian Mint, a prowling bobcat was chosen for the centennial quarter to express "intelligent independence and decisive action". [24] At the same time, the silver content was lowered from 80% to 50% by a proclamation which was authorized on August 17, 1967. [10] This mid-year change meant that two varieties were produced that differ in their silver content. [25] A similar event occurred in 1968 as the quarter was transitioned from 50% silver to pure nickel. [26] [27]

The caribou design continued to be used until 1973 when the quarter got a special commemorative design which honored the centennial of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. [28] During this time, Queen Elizabeth's obverse bust was modified to be slightly smaller. [29] These changes took full effect when the caribou design was restored to the reverse in the following year. Halfway through the decade, in April 1975, Canadian quarters were produced at the newly constructed mint facility in Winnipeg. [30] Although nickel was by then dominant, silver quarters of both amounts (50% and 80%) continued to circulate until at least 1979. [31] It was estimated by the mid-1980s that it cost the mint five cents to produce a nickel-alloyed quarter. [32]

Elizabeth II (1990–2022)

In 1990, a third effigy of the Queen was used for Canadian quarters, designed by Hungarian-Canadian sculptor Dora de Pedery-Hunt. This third design depicts Elizabeth II when she was 64 years old surrounded by the previously used Latin script. [19] The lowest mintage of any circulated quarter post–World War II occurred in 1991 as the Royal Canadian Mint prepared resources for the following year. [33] For this event, Canada celebrated its 125th anniversary in 1992 by minting twelve circulating commemorative quarters.

Composition and size

YearsMassDiameterComposition [34]
1870–19105.81 g23.62 mm92.5% silver, 7.5% copper
1910–19195.83 g23.62 mm92.5% silver, 7.5% copper
1920–19525.83 g23.62 mm80% silver, 20% copper
1953–19675.83 g23.88 mm80% silver, 20% copper
1967–19685.05 g23.88 mm50% silver, 50% copper
1968–20015.05 g23.88 mm99.9% nickel
2001–present4.40 g23.88 mm94.0% steel, [b] 3.8% copper, 2.2% nickel plating

Circulation figures

Victoria & Edward VII

YearMintage [c]
1870900,000 [4]
1871400,000 [4]
1871 H [d] 748,000 [4]
1872 H2,240,000 [4]
1874 H1,600,000 [4]
1875 H1,000,000 [4]
1880 H400,000 [4]
1881 H820,000 [4]
1882 H600,000 [4]
1883 H960,000 [4]
1885192,000 [4]
1886540,000 [4]
1887100,000 [4]
1888400,000 [4]
188966,324 [4]
1890 H200,000 [4]
1891120,000 [4]
1892510,000 [4]
1893100,000 [4]
1894220,000 [4]
1899415,580 [4]
19001,320,000 [4]
1901 Victoria640,000 [4]
1902 Edward VII464,000 [36]
1902 H800,000 [36]
1903846,150 [36]
1904400,000 [36]
1905800,000 [36]
19061,237,843 [36]
19072,088,000 [36]
1908495,016 [36]
19091,335,929 [36]
19103,577,569 [37]

George V & George VI

CANADA, GEORGE V 1917 -25 CENTS b - Flickr - woody1778a.jpg
CANADA, GEORGE V 1917 -25 CENTS a - Flickr - woody1778a.jpg
A 1917 quarter featuring King George V
YearMintage
1911 – No " Dei gratia " [e] 1,721,341 [39]
1912 – With "Dei gra."2,544,199 [40]
19132,213,595 [40]
19141,215,397 [40]
1915242,382 [40]
19161,462,566 [40]
19173,365,644 [40]
19184,175,649 [40]
19195,852,262 [40]
19201,975,278 [41]
1921597,337 [41]
1927468,096 [41]
19282,114,178 [41]
19292,690,562 [41]
1930968,748 [41]
1931537,815 [41]
1932537,994 [41]
1933421,282 [41]
1934384,350 [41]
1935537,772 [41]
1936 George V972,094 [41]
1936 George V (dot) [f] 153,322 [41]
1937 George VI2,689,813 [42]
19383,149,245 [42]
19393,532,495 [42]
19409,583,650 [42]
19416,654,672 [42]
19426,935,871 [42]
194313,559,575 [42]
19447,216,237 [42]
19455,296,495 [42]
19462,210,810 [42]
1947 [g] 1,524,554 [42]
1947 ML [g] 4,393,938 [42]
19482,564,424 [43]
19497,988,630 [43]
19509,673,335 [43]
19518,290,710 [43]
19528,859,642 [43]

Elizabeth II

Canadian Centennial quarter Canada $0.25 1967.jpg
Canadian Centennial quarter
YearMintage [h] Notes
1953 No strap10,546,769 [44] These varieties are also referred to as "with shoulder fold" and "without shoulder fold".
1953 Strap
19542,318,891 [44]
19559,552,505 [44]
195611,269,353 [44]
195712,770,190 [44]
19589,336,910 [44]
195913,503,461 [44]
196022,835,327 [44]
196118,164,368 [44]
196229,559,266 [44]
196321,180,652 [44]
196436,479,343 [44] 1st obverse portrait
196544,708,869 [45] 2nd obverse portrait
196625,626,315 [45]
1967 80% silver48,855,500 [25] These quarters feature a Canadian Lynx on the reverse, and are dated 1867–1967 to reflect the Canadian Centennial. The mintage figure includes both 80% and 50% silver coins.
1967 50% silver
1968 50% silver71,464,000 [26]
1968 nickel88,686,931 [27]
1969133,037,929 [27]
197010,302,010 [27]
197148,170,428 [27]
197243,743,387 [27]
1973 Large bust134,958,587 [46] Quarters dated 1973 have "large" and "small" bust varieties of Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse while the reverse depicts a mounted RCMP officer.
1973 Small bust
1974192,360,598 [27]
1975141,148,000 [27]
197686,898,261 [27]
197799,634,555 [27]
1978176,475,408 [27]
1979131,042,905 [47]
198076,178,000 [47]
1981131,580,272 [47]
1982171,926,000 [47]
198313,162,000 [47]
1984121,668,000 [47]
1985158,734,000 [47]
1986132,220,000 [47]
198753,408,000 [47]
198880,368,473 [47]
1989119,796,307 [47] 2nd obverse portrait
199031,258,000 [48] 3rd obverse portrait
1991459,000 [48] Production was low this year as resources were prepared for the following year's commemorative coins. [33]
1992—To celebrate the 125th anniversary of Confederation, the Royal Canadian Mint released twelve commemorative coins. The Royal Canadian Mint struck no quarters with the caribou design.
199373,758,000 [48]
199477,670,000 [48]
199589,210,000 [48]
199628,106,000 [48]
1997Not circulated
1998Not circulated
1999 caribou258,888,000 [48] An estimated 20,000 quarters are dated 1999 (P). [49]
2000 caribou434,087,000 [48] Only 3 to 5 2000 (P) quarters are known. [49]
2001 caribou8,415,000 [48] Struck in nickel
2001 P55,773,000 [49] Struck in nickel-plated steel (P)
2002 P156,105,000 [49]
2002 P (GJ)152,485,000 [50] Dated 1952–2002 to reflect Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee
2003 P Crowned87,647,000 [49] Crowned 3rd obverse portrait
2003 P Uncrowned66,861,633 [51] Uncrowned 4th obverse portrait
2004 P177,466,000 [51]
2005 P206,346,000 [51]
2006 P423,189,000 [51]
2007 caribou386,763,000 [51] The nickel-plated steel "P" mark (below bust on obverse) was dropped and replaced by an RCM logo.
2008 caribou387,222,000 [51]
2009 caribou266,766,000 [51]
2010 caribou167,500,000 [52]
2011 caribou212,970,000 [52]
2012 caribou178,450,000 [52]
2013118,480,000 [52]
201497,440,000 [52]
201597,320,000 [52]
2016106,880,000 [52]
2017110,720,000 [53]
2018102,560,000 [52]
201980,160,000 [52]
202096,000,000 [52]
2021110,560,000 [54]
202291,680,000 [55]

Charles III

YearMintage
202380,510,000 [56]
2024TBA
2025TBA

Notes

  1. ↑ These numbers are rounded.
  2. ↑ The steel used for manufacturing is patented as: "AISI 1006 alloy". [35]
  3. ↑ These figures include the 1872: inverted "A" for "V" in Victoria, the 1880: "narrow" and "wide" 0, and 1906: "large" and rare "small" crown varieties.
  4. ↑ The "H" on the coin refers to "Ralph Heaton & Sons".
  5. ↑ The words "Dei gratia" were removed from the obverse of the coin to make room for "Ind:Imp:" (Emperor of India). It was restored in 1912 after public backlash. [38]
  6. ↑ This coin has a "dot" below the wreath on the reverse.
  7. 1 2 Three different varieties were created during this year. There are 1947 dated quarters, 1947 dated quarters with a "dot after 7" (in 1947), and those with a maple leaf after the "7". Maple leaf coins omit "IND: IMP:" aka Indiae Imperator (Emperor of India) on the obverse.
  8. ↑ Unless mentioned otherwise, all of these quarters feature a Caribou on the reverse.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of the British penny (1714–1901)</span>

The penny of Great Britain and the United Kingdom from 1714 to 1901, the period in which the House of Hanover reigned, saw the transformation of the penny from a little-used small silver coin to the bronze piece recognisable to modern-day Britons. All bear the portrait of the monarch on the obverse; copper and bronze pennies have a depiction of Britannia, the female personification of Britain, on the reverse.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Double florin</span> British coin, struck 1887–1890

The double florin, or four-shilling piece, was a British coin produced by the Royal Mint between 1887 and 1890. One of the shortest-lived of all British coin denominations, it was struck in only four years. Its obverse, designed by Joseph Boehm and engraved by Leonard Charles Wyon, depicts Queen Victoria, whilst the reverse, featuring national symbols of the United Kingdom, was designed by Wyon based on the coinage of Charles II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Florin (British coin)</span> Former coin of the United Kingdom and other territories

The British florin, or two-shilling piece, was a coin worth 1⁄10 of one pound, or 24 pence. It was issued from 1849 until 1967, with a final issue for collectors dated 1970. It was the last coin circulating immediately prior to decimalisation to be demonetised, in 1993, having for a quarter of a century circulated alongside the ten-pence piece, identical in specifications and value.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Guinea (coin)</span> British gold coin minted between 1663 and 1814

The guinea was a coin, minted in Great Britain between 1663 and 1814, that contained approximately one-quarter of an ounce of gold. The name came from the Guinea region in West Africa, from where much of the gold used to make the coins was sourced. It was the first English machine-struck gold coin, originally representing a value of 20 shillings in sterling specie, equal to one pound, but rises in the price of gold relative to silver caused the value of the guinea to increase, at times to as high as thirty shillings. From 1717 to 1816, its value was officially fixed at twenty-one shillings.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Mint</span> Government agency that produces circulating coinage and dollars for the United States

The United States Mint is a bureau of the Department of the Treasury responsible for producing coinage for the United States to conduct its trade and commerce, as well as controlling the movement of bullion. The U.S. Mint is one of two U.S. agencies that manufactures physical money. The other is the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, which prints paper currency. The first United States Mint was created in Philadelphia in 1792, and soon joined by other centers, whose coins were identified by their own mint marks. There are currently four active coin-producing mints: Philadelphia, Denver, San Francisco, and West Point.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal Canadian Mint</span> National mint that produces Canadian coins

The Royal Canadian Mint is the mint of Canada and a Crown corporation, operating under the Royal Canadian Mint Act. The shares of the mint are held in trust for the Crown in right of Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dime (Canadian coin)</span> Canadian coin worth ten cents

In Canada, a dime is a coin worth ten cents. It has been the physically smallest Canadian coin since 1922; it is smaller even than the country's penny, despite its higher face value. According to the Royal Canadian Mint, the official national term of the coin is the 10-cent piece, but in practice, the term dime predominates in English-speaking Canada. It is nearly identical in size to the American dime. Unlike its American counterpart, the Canadian dime is magnetic due to a distinct metal composition. From 1968 to 2000, it was composed entirely of nickel, and since 2001, it has consisted of a steel core with plating composed of layers of nickel and copper.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canadian fifty-cent coin</span> Canadian coin

The Canadian fifty-cent coin is a Canadian coin worth 50 cents. The coin's reverse depicts the coat of arms of Canada. At the opening ceremonies for the Ottawa branch of the Royal Mint, held on January 2, 1908, Governor General Earl Grey struck the Dominion of Canada's first domestically produced coin. It was a silver fifty-cent coin bearing the effigy of King Edward VII.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Penny (Canadian coin)</span> Former Canadian coin worth one cent

In Canada, a penny is an out-of-production coin worth one cent, or 1⁄100 of a dollar. According to the Royal Canadian Mint, the official term for the coin is the one-cent piece, but in practice the terms penny and cent predominate. Penny was likely readily adopted because the previous coinage in Canada was the British monetary system, where Canada used British pounds, shillings, and pence as coinage alongside U.S. decimal coins. Like all Canadian coins, the obverse depicts the reigning Canadian monarch at the time of issue.

The Hong Kong coinage, including 10¢, 20¢, 50¢, $1, $2, $5 & $10, is issued by Hong Kong Monetary Authority on behalf of the Government of Hong Kong. From 1863 until 1992, these coins were embossed with the reigning British monarch's effigy. Since 1 January 1993, a new series depicting the bauhinia flower was gradually issued, including a new denomination of $10. Since the beginning of the coin replacement programme on 1 January 1993, over 585 million coins featuring Queen Elizabeth II have been withdrawn from circulation. However, these coins remain legal tender. The total value of coins in circulation in Hong Kong can be found in Monthly Statistical Bulletin and the Annual Report.

The coins of Canada are produced by the Royal Canadian Mint and denominated in Canadian dollars ($) and the subunit of dollars, cents (¢). An effigy of the reigning monarch always appears on the obverse of all coins. There are standard images which appear on the reverse, but there are also commemorative and numismatic issues with different images on the reverse.

One of the most profitable aspects of the Royal Canadian Mint (RCM) is its numismatic product line. The first numismatic coin from the RCM was arguably the 1935 dollar commemorating the Silver Jubilee of King George V. Though intended for circulation, it was the first Canadian coin commemorating an event. The decision to issue this coin was made in October 1934 by Prime Minister R. B. Bennett. There were economic and patriotic motivations for the release of a silver dollar, including a hope to boost the silver mining industry. In future years, the silver dollar would have a more emotional meaning for many Canadians because it was also the first coin to have the Voyageur motif on its reverse.

Since the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, the Royal Canadian Mint has struck Summer and Winter Olympic coins to mark games held in Canada.

The Canadian silver dollar was first issued by the Royal Canadian Mint in 1935 to commemorate the Silver Jubilee of King George V. The coin's reverse design was sculpted by Emanuel Hahn and portrays a voyageur and a person of Indigenous descent paddling a birch-bark canoe. The faint lines in the background represent the Northern Lights. The voyageur design was used on the dollar until 1986. It was then replaced with the 1987 Canadian 1-dollar coin. 1967 marked the end of the silver dollar as a business strike, or a coin issued for circulation. After 1967, the dollar coin was made of nickel, except for non-circulating commemorative issues for the collector market, which continue to contain silver.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Washington quarter</span> US 25-cent coin minted since 1932

The Washington quarter is the present quarter dollar or 25-cent piece issued by the United States Mint. The coin was first struck in 1932; the original version was designed by sculptor John Flanagan.

From 2000 to 2019, there were various technological achievements in Canadian coin minting. The first RCM gold coin to be directly laser etched was the $100 Gold Leduc Oil Fields coin from 2002. The technique would later be used for the 2003 $100 Gold Marquis Wheat coin and the 2004 $20 Iceberg coin. In 2001, the RCM achieved innovation with the 2001 Marconi $5 silver coin. It was the first RCM coin to include a direct lasered finish. One of the technological breakthroughs for the RCM involved the 2006 Canadian Achievement series silver coin featuring Colonel Chris Hadfield. It was the first Canadian coin to be completely sculpted using computer software.

Starting in 1997, the Royal Canadian Mint started to sell hockey medallions to the public. To commemorate the induction of Mario Lemieux in the Hockey Hall of Fame, a set was issued honouring all three inductees. One set was issued in Sterling Silver while another was issued in Nickel. The success of the release led to future issues.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Penny (British pre-decimal coin)</span> Former denomination of sterling coinage

The British pre-decimal penny was a denomination of sterling coinage worth 1⁄240 of one pound or 1⁄12 of one shilling. Its symbol was d, from the Roman denarius. It was a continuation of the earlier English penny, and in Scotland it had the same monetary value as one pre-1707 Scottish shilling. The penny was originally minted in silver, but from the late 18th century it was minted in copper, and then after 1860 in bronze.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Double sovereign</span> British gold coin

The double sovereign is a gold coin of the United Kingdom with a face value of two pounds sterling (£2). Rarely issued in the first 150 years after its debut in 1820, it never had a significant presence in circulation. It became a collector and bullion coin, and has been struck most years since 1980. It features the reigning monarch on its obverse and, most often, Benedetto Pistrucci's depiction of Saint George and the Dragon on the reverse.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jubilee coinage</span> British coins depicting Queen Victoria

The Jubilee coinage or Jubilee head coinage are British coins with an obverse featuring a depiction of Queen Victoria by Joseph Edgar Boehm. The design was placed on the silver and gold circulating coinage beginning in 1887, and on the Maundy coinage beginning in 1888. The depiction of Victoria wearing a crown that was seen as too small was widely mocked, and was replaced in 1893. The series saw the entire issuance of the double florin (1887–1890) and, in 1888, the last issue for circulation of the groat, or fourpence piece, although it was intended for use in British Guiana. No bronze coins were struck with the Jubilee design.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 William John Hocking (1906). Catalogue of the Coins, Tokens, Medals, Dies, and Seals in the Museum of the Royal Mint. Vol. 1. H.M. Stationery Office. pp. 305–306.
  2. ↑ Special Consular Reports. Vol. 13. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1896. p. 37.
  3. 1 2 3 American Journal of Numismatics, and Bulletin of American Numismatic and Archæological Societies. Vol. 17–19. T.R. Marvin & Son. 1883. p. 55.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 "Canada 25 Cents KM# 5 1870". Numismatic Guaranty Company. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Journal of the Canadian Bankers' Association. Vol. 25. Canadian Bankers Association. 1918. p. 112-113.
  6. ↑ Deputy Master of the Mint (1871). First Annual Report. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 9.
  7. 1 2 3 Mott, H.; McLachlan, R. W.; de Lery MacDonald, A. C. (1889). The Canadian Antiquarian and Numismatic Journal. Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Montreal. pp. 146–151.
  8. ↑ Theodore V. Buttrey (1973). Coinage of the Americas. American Numismatic Society. p. 99. ISBN   978-0-7837-6999-8. A public outcry against these "Godless" coins resulted and from 1912 coins bear a legend containing an abbreviated form of the phrase
  9. ↑ American Numismatic Association (1911). The Numismatist. Vol. 24. Hurley Prontery. p. 200.
  10. 1 2 3 Annual Report of the Director of the Mint. United States Mint. 1969. p. W18.
  11. ↑ Trade Promotion Series. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. 1935. p. 34.
  12. ↑ T.A. Ingram M.A., L.L.D. (1921). The New Hazell Annual & Almanack. Vol. 36. Oxford University Press. p. 105.
  13. 1 2 Arlyn G. Sieber (2011). Warman's Coins & Paper Money Identification and Price Guide. F+W Media. p. 1997-1998. ISBN   978-1-4402-1730-2.
  14. 1 2 Striking Impressions, James A. Haxby, 1983, ISBN   0-660-91234-1
  15. ↑ The Numismatist. Vol. 106. American Numismatic Association. 1993. ...dating from 1937 to 1952. Designer T. Humphrey Paget's initials, H.P., are...
  16. ↑ Rapport Du Directeur de la Monnaie Royale Canadienne. Royal Canadian Mint. 1937. p. 6. It was finally decided to commission Mr. Emanuel Hahn, R.C.A., of Toronto to prepare the models for the 25-cent and 10-cent pieces with a caribou head and...
  17. ↑ "Indian Independence Act, 1947" (PDF). Parliament of the United Kingdom. The assent of the Parliament of the United Kingdom is hereby given to the omission from the Royal Style and Titles of the words " Indiae Imperator " and the words " Emperor of India " and to the issue by His Majesty for that purpose of His Royal Proclamation under the Great Seal of the Realm.
  18. ↑ Report of the Master of the Royal Canadian Mint. Department of Finance Canada. 1948. p. 6–7.
  19. 1 2 3 "Faces of the Monarch on Coins". Royal Canadian Mint}. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  20. ↑ Hudgeons, Marc; Hudgeons (Jr.), Tom; Hudgeons, Thomas E. (2007). The Official Blackbook Price Guide to World Coins 2008. Random House. p. 291. ISBN   978-0-375-72169-4.
  21. ↑ The Numismatist. Vol. 106. American Numismatic Association. 1993. p. 1132. With the coins of 1953–55 came two new varieties: with and without a fold of fabric (mistakenly called a strap) on Queen Elizabeth's right shoulder.
  22. ↑ "Canadian Mint on Coin Shift". Billboard . Vol. 68, no. 32. Nielsen Business Media. p. 101.
  23. ↑ Michael Sedgwick. "Meeting and remembering a man named Machin". Royal Mint . Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved August 21, 2024.
  24. 1 2 James A. Haxby (1984). he Royal Canadian Mint and Canadian Coinage: Striking Impressions. Royal Canadian Mint. p. 215 & 219.
  25. 1 2 Michael, Thomas, ed. (July 29, 2016). 2017 Standard Catalog of World Coins 1901-2000 (44th ed.). Krause Publications. pp. 315–320. ISBN   978-1440246548.
  26. 1 2 "Canada 25 Cents KM# 62a 1968(no mint mark)". Numismatic Guaranty Company. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Canada 25 Cents KM# 62b 1968(no mint mark)". Numismatic Guaranty Company. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  28. ↑ U.S. Mint's Commemorative Coin Program. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1995. p. 103.
  29. ↑ Joshua McMorrow-Hernande (July 6, 2020). "Size Matters: Large Bust Vs. Small Bust 1973 Canadian Quarters". Professional Coin Grading Service . Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  30. ↑ George S. Cuhaj (2010). Canadian Coin Digest. Penguin. ISBN   9781440217616. By the end of April, this super modern... ...struck 46 million 1, 10,- and 25-cent coins.
  31. ↑ The World's Monetary Stocks of Gold, Silver, and Coins in 1979. United States Department of the Treasury. 1979. p. 28.
  32. ↑ Shearer, Ronald A.; Chant, John F.; Bond, David E. (1995). The Economics of the Canadian Financial System: Theory, Policy and Institutions. Prentice-Hall Canada. p. 22.
  33. 1 2 Mark Drake & John Kauntz (2023). Canadian Coins Volume One - Numismatic Issues. The Charlton Press. p. 128.
  34. ↑ "A familiar face – the 25-cent coin". Royal Canadian Mint. Archived from the original on April 4, 2020. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
  35. ↑ "Control of electromagnetic signals of coins through multi-ply plating technology". Google Patents. Retrieved March 3, 2020.
  36. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Canada 25 Cents KM# 11 1902 (no mint mark)". Numismatic Guaranty Company. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
  37. ↑ "Canada 25 Cents KM# 11a 1910 (no mint mark)". Numismatic Guaranty Company. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
  38. ↑ "Canadian Coin News". Canadian Coin News. Archived from the original on April 19, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2024.
  39. ↑ "Canada 25 Cents KM# 18 1911 (no mint mark)". Numismatic Guaranty Company. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
  40. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Canada 25 Cents KM# 24 1912 (no mint mark)". Numismatic Guaranty Company. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
  41. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "Canada 25 Cents KM# 24a 1920 (no mint mark)". Numismatic Guaranty Company. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
  42. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Canada 25 Cents KM# 35 1937 (no mint mark)". Numismatic Guaranty Company. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
  43. 1 2 3 4 5 "Canada 25 Cents KM# 44 1948 (no mint mark)". Numismatic Guaranty Company. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
  44. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Canada 25 Cents KM# 52 1953(no mint mark) Without strap". Numismatic Guaranty Company. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  45. 1 2 "Canada 25 Cents KM# 62 1965(no mint mark)". Numismatic Guaranty Company. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  46. ↑ "Canada 25 Cents KM# 81.1 1873-1973(no mint mark)". Numismatic Guaranty Company. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  47. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Canada 25 Cents KM# 74 1979(no mint mark)". Numismatic Guaranty Company. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  48. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Canada 25 Cents KM# 184 1990(no mint mark)". Numismatic Guaranty Company. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  49. 1 2 3 4 5 "Canada 25 Cents KM# 184b 1999(no mint mark) P". Numismatic Guaranty Company. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  50. ↑ "Canada 25 Cents KM# 448 1952-2002P". Numismatic Guaranty Company. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  51. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Canada 25 Cents KM# 493 2003P". Numismatic Guaranty Company. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  52. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "RCM Mintages 2010 – 2020". Royal Canadian Mint. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  53. ↑ Royal Canadian Mint (2017). 2017 Annual Report – Delivering Results (PDF) (Report). p. 86. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 8, 2018. Retrieved November 26, 2022.
  54. ↑ "Royal Canadian Mint Annual Report: 2021" (PDF). Royal Canadian Mint. Retrieved November 12, 2024.
  55. ↑ "Royal Canadian Mint Annual Report: 2022" (PDF). Royal Canadian Mint. Retrieved November 12, 2024.
  56. ↑ "Royal Canadian Mint Annual Report: 2023" (PDF). Royal Canadian Mint. Retrieved November 12, 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.