Related Research Articles
The Communist Party of India (Marxist) is a communist political party in India. It is the largest communist party of India in terms of membership and electoral seats and one of the national parties of India. The party emerged from a split in the Communist Party of India (CPI) on 7 November 1964. As of 2022, CPI(M) is a part of ruling alliances in two states — the Left Democratic Front in Kerala and the Secular Progressive Alliance in Tamil Nadu. CPIM has representation in the legislative assemblies of 9 states.
The Communist Party of India (CPI) is the oldest communist party in India and one of the eight national parties in the country. The CPI was founded in Kanpur on 26 December 1925.
Kannoth Karunakaran was an Indian politician and member of the Indian National Congress (INC). He served as the Chief Minister of Kerala four times: for a brief period from March 1977 to April 1977, another short term from December 1981 to March 1982, after which president's rule was invoked in the state, and subsequently served from May 1982 to May 1987, and eventually from June 1991 to May 1995. He is the founder of the United Democratic Front (UDF), which is a political alliance in Kerala led by INC.
Erambala Krishnan Nayanar was an Indian politician of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) or CPI(M). He served three terms as the Chief Minister of Kerala for a total of 10 years, 11 months and 22 days, thus making him the longest-serving holder of that office. At the time of death, he was a senior leader within the CPI(M), being a member of its central Politburo (1992–2004), and twice heading its Kerala state unit.
The Emergency in India was a 21-month period from 1975 to 1977 when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had a state of emergency declared across the country. Officially issued by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed under Article 352 of the Constitution because of the prevailing "internal disturbance", the Emergency was in effect from 25 June 1975 until its withdrawal on 21 March 1977. The order bestowed upon the Prime Minister the authority to rule by decree, allowing elections to be cancelled and civil liberties to be suspended. For much of the Emergency, most of Indira Gandhi's political opponents were imprisoned and the press was censored. Several other human rights violations were reported from the time, including a mass forced sterilization campaign spearheaded by Sanjay Gandhi, the Prime Minister's son. The Emergency is one of the most controversial periods of independent India's history.
Chaudhary Devi Lal was an Indian statesman who served as 6th Deputy Prime Minister of India from 1989 to 1991 in the governments of V. P. Singh and Chandra Shekhar. Also popularly known as Tau (uncle), Lal emerged as farmer leader from the state of Haryana, and served as the Chief Minister of Haryana first in 1977-79 and then in 1987-89.
Chelat Achutha Menon was the Chief Minister of Kerala state for two terms. The first term was from 1 November 1969 to 1 August 1970 and the second 4 October 1970 to 25 March 1977. He was instrumental in starting number of institutions and development projects in Kerala. Achutha Menon was the first politician who adorned the chief ministership of Kerala for two consecutive terms. He led the then United Front to a thumping electoral victory in Kerala when Congress party was routed in elections in other parts of India.
The United Democratic Front (UDF) is the Indian National Congress-led alliance of centre to centre-left, and centre-right, political parties in the Indian state of Kerala. It is one of the two major political alliances in Kerala, the other being Communist Party of India (Marxist)-led Left Democratic Front, each of which has been in power alternately since 1980 E. K. Nayanar ministry. United Democratic Front first came to power in 1981 and has won elections to the state legislature of Kerala in the years 1982, 1991, 2001, and 2011. The alliance currently acts as the opposition in the state legislature of Kerala.
Satyendra Narayan Sinha was an Indian politician and statesman, participant in the Indian independence movement, a leading light of Jaya Prakash Narayan's ‘complete revolution’ movement during the Emergency and a former Chief Minister of Bihar. Affectionately called Chhote Saheb, he was also a seven-time Member of Parliament from the Aurangabad constituency, a three-term Member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly, and a Member of the Bihar Legislative Council once. Regarded to be one of India's most influential regional people of the time, his reputation was synonymous with being a strict disciplinarian and tough taskmaster.
Ramesh Chennithala, [ɾɐmeːʃ t͡ʃen̺ːit̪ːɐlɐ],, is an Indian politician, and the senior leader of the Indian National Congress. He was the Leader of the Opposition in the 14th Kerala Legislative Assembly. He also served as the state Home Minister in the Government of Kerala for two years. He holds the record of the youngest minister in Kerala at the age of 28.
General elections were held in India between 16 and 20 March 1977 to elect the members of the 6th Lok Sabha. The elections took place during the Emergency period, which expired on 21 March 1977, shortly before the final results were announced.
Shripad Amrut Dange was an Indian Politician who was a founding member of the Communist Party of India (CPI) and a stalwart of Indian trade union movement. During the 20th century, Dange was arrested by the authorities for communist and trade union activities and was jailed for an overall period of 13 years.
Akkamma Cherian was an Indian independence activist from Travancore (Kerala), India. She was popularly known as the Jhansi Rani of Travancore.
K. Ramani was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1969, four times to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly and was the Tamil Nadu State Committee president of the Centre of Indian Trade Unions.
Keezhoote Raman Balakrishna Pillai was an Indian politician who served as minister of the state of Kerala in India, holding portfolios such as Transport and Electricity. He was a member of the Kerala Legislative Assembly from Kottarakara constituency in Kollam district for almost three decades. He was the Chairman of Kerala Congress (B). Throughout his political career, Pillai remained a controversial figure in Kerala state politics. He was the first Kerala minister to be imprisoned for corruption.
Kuruvannil Govindan Marar was an Indian social worker, politician, former State president of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in Kerala, India. He was the third son among four children of Narayana Marar and Nayan Marsyar. By occupation he was a teacher at Government School Parassinikadavu and left his profession to become a full-time social worker. Arrested during Indian Emergency of 25 June 1975 – 21 March 1977, he was imprisoned for 18 months. After getting released from the jail, Marar became the leader of Janata party and the District President of Kannur. In 1980 Marar became the State Secretary of BJP. He was very active in Kerala Political scenario and held various positions including State General Secretary and State President of BJP. He has actively represented BJP in various elections, the last one in 1991 where he got defeated by a margin of 1000 votes from Manjeshwar constituency. His body was cremated at Payyambalam beach, Kannur.
Sri. P. N. Karunakaran, popularly known as Kambisseri Karunakaran was an Indian journalist who wrote in Malayalam language. He was the chief editor of Janayugam Daily, Balayugam, the Novel Pathippu, Cine Rama, and Janayugam Varika (Weekly), a group of publications in Malayalam language, owned by the Communist Party of India. Beside being a journalist he was a politician, writer, orator, actor, satirist, atheist and rationalist.
C. N. Jayadevan is an Indian politician of the Communist Party of India (CPI) from Thrissur in Kerala. He is a former Member of parliament who represented Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency. Jayadevan earlier served as Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) of Kerala from 1996 to 2001 representing the Ollur Assembly Constituency.
Garapaty Satyanarayana, was a veteran freedom fighter and legislator. He was the first elected Member of the Legislative Assembly from the Eluru constituency, Andhra Pradesh, India.
The 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election was held in Kerala on 6 April 2021 to elect 140 members to the 15th Kerala Legislative Assembly. The results were declared on 2 May.
References
- ↑ Assembly Election in Kerala
- ↑ "Literary works of R C Unnithan". sites.google.com. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
- ↑ "- My Jail Diary During Emergency Years (Adiyanthiravasthayile Ente jail Diary)". sites.google.com. Retrieved 17 September 2015.