| RAD1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | RAD1 , HREC1, RAD1 homolog, RAD1 checkpoint DNA exonuclease | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 603153 MGI: 1316678 HomoloGene: 37695 GeneCards: RAD1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EC number | 3.1.11.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Cell cycle checkpoint protein RAD1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAD1 gene. [5] [6] [7]
This gene encodes a component of a heterotrimeric cell cycle checkpoint complex, known as the 9-1-1 complex, that is activated to stop cell cycle progression in response to DNA damage or incomplete DNA replication. The 9-1-1 complex is recruited by RAD17 to affected sites where it may attract specialized DNA polymerases and other DNA repair effectors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms of this gene have been described. [7]
During meiosis, double-strand breaks occur in DNA that initiate recombination. Recombination is a process that repairs the breaks and also promotes faithful chromosome segregation. [8] In yeast the 9-1-1 complex (including RAD1) facilitates meiotic recombination. An alternative, but inaccurate, mechanism for repairing double-strand breaks is non-homologous end joining. In the rice plant, the 9-1-1 complex promotes accurate meiotic recombination by suppressing the alternative process of non-homologous end joining. [8]
During mammalian meiosis 9-1-1 complexes promote synapsis of homologous chromosomes. [9] Testis-specific disruption of RAD1 in mice results in defective double-strand break repair, depletion of germ cells and infertility. [9]
RAD1 homolog has been shown to interact with:
Werner syndrome ATP-dependent helicase, also known as DNA helicase, RecQ-like type 3, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the WRN gene. WRN is a member of the RecQ Helicase family. Helicase enzymes generally unwind and separate double-stranded DNA. These activities are necessary before DNA can be copied in preparation for cell division. Helicase enzymes are also critical for making a blueprint of a gene for protein production, a process called transcription. Further evidence suggests that Werner protein plays a critical role in repairing DNA. Overall, this protein helps maintain the structure and integrity of a person's DNA.
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a DNA clamp that acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase δ in eukaryotic cells and is essential for replication. PCNA is a homotrimer and achieves its processivity by encircling the DNA, where it acts as a scaffold to recruit proteins involved in DNA replication, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling and epigenetics.
Replication protein A 70 kDa DNA-binding subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPA1 gene.
M-phase inducer phosphatase 1 also known as dual specificity phosphatase Cdc25A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the cell division cycle 25 homolog A (CDC25A) gene.
Cell cycle checkpoint control protein RAD9A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAD9A gene.Rad9 has been shown to induce G2 arrest in the cell cycle in response to DNA damage in yeast cells. Rad9 was originally found in budding yeast cells but a human homolog has also been found and studies have suggested that the molecular mechanisms of the S and G2 checkpoints are conserved in eukaryotes. Thus, what is found in yeast cells are likely to be similar in human cells.
Cell cycle checkpoint protein RAD17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAD17 gene.
UV excision repair protein RAD23 homolog A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAD23A gene.
Checkpoint protein HUS1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HUS1 gene.
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit E (eIF3e) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EIF3E gene.
DNA replication licensing factor MCM4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MCM4 gene.
DNA repair protein RAD50, also known as RAD50, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAD50 gene.
mRNA export factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAE1 gene.
Replication factor C subunit 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RFC3 gene.
DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAD51L3 gene.
Claspin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLSPN gene.
DNA repair protein REV1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the REV1 gene.
Protein reversionless 3-like (REV3L) also known as DNA polymerase zeta catalytic subunit (POLZ) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the REV3L gene.
Lin-7 homolog C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LIN7C gene.
Chromosome transmission fidelity protein 18 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHTF18 gene.
DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLE gene. It is the central catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase epsilon.
