RARRES3

PLAAT4
Available structures
PDB	Human UniProt search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2LKT, 2MY9
Identifiers
Aliases	PLAAT4 , HRASLS4, HRSL4, PLA1/2-3, RIG1, TIG3, retinoic acid receptor responder 3, PLAAT-4, RARRES3, phospholipase A and acyltransferase 4
External IDs	OMIM: 605092 HomoloGene: 48290 GeneCards: PLAAT4
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (human)
End	63,546,462 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	palpebral conjunctiva; ; bronchial epithelial cell; ; upper lobe of left lung; ; right uterine tube; ; lymph node; ; right lung; ; duodenum; ; gallbladder; ; jejunal mucosa; ; monocyte;
	n/a
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding ; hydrolase activity ; phospholipase A2 activity ; acyltransferase activity ; phospholipase A1 activity ; N-acyltransferase activity ; phosphatidylserine 1-acylhydrolase activity ; 1-acyl-2-lysophosphatidylserine acylhydrolase activity ;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane ; membrane ; cytosol ;
Biological process	lipid catabolic process ; lipid metabolism ; negative regulation of cell population proliferation ; phospholipid metabolic process ; phosphatidylethanolamine acyl-chain remodeling ; N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process ; positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiation ; positive regulation of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	5920
	n/a
	ENSG00000133321
	n/a
	Q9UL19
	n/a
	NM_004585
	n/a
	NP_004576
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Last updated September 08, 2023

Retinoic acid receptor responder protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RARRES3 gene.^[3]^[4]

Retinoids exert biologic effects such as potent growth inhibitory and cell differentiation activities and are used in the treatment of hyperproliferative dermatological diseases. These effects are mediated by specific nuclear receptor proteins that are members of the steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily of transcriptional regulators. RARRES1, RARRES2, and RARRES3 are genes whose expression is upregulated by the synthetic retinoid tazarotene. RARRES3 is thought act as a tumor suppressor or growth regulator.^[4]

Interactions

RARRES3 has been shown to interact with RNF135.^[5]

Related Research Articles

The retinoids are a class of chemical compounds that are vitamers of vitamin A or are chemically related to it. Retinoids have found use in medicine where they regulate epithelial cell growth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tazarotene</span> Topical retinoid drug

Tazarotene, sold under the brand name Tazorac, among others, is a third-generation prescription topical retinoid. It is primarily used for the treatment of plaque psoriasis and acne. Tazarotene is also used as a therapeutic for photoaged and photodamaged skin. Tazarotene is a member of the acetylenic class of retinoids.

The retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is a type of nuclear receptor which can also act as a ligand-activated transcription factor that is activated by both all-trans retinoic acid and 9-cis retinoic acid, retinoid active derivatives of Vitamin A. They are typically found within the nucleus. There are three retinoic acid receptors (RAR), RAR-alpha, RAR-beta, and RAR-gamma, encoded by the RARA, RARB, RARG genes, respectively. Within each RAR subtype there are various isoforms differing in their N-terminal region A. Multiple splice variants have been identified in human RARs: four for RARA, five for RARB, and two for RARG. As with other type II nuclear receptors, RAR heterodimerizes with RXR and in the absence of ligand, the RAR/RXR dimer binds to hormone response elements known as retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) complexed with corepressor protein. Binding of agonist ligands to RAR results in dissociation of corepressor and recruitment of coactivator protein that, in turn, promotes transcription of the downstream target gene into mRNA and eventually protein. In addition, the expression of RAR genes is under epigenetic regulation by promoter methylation. Both the length and magnitude of the retinoid response is dependent of the degradation of RARs and RXRs through the ubiquitin-proteasome. This degradation can lead to elongation of the DNA transcription through disruption of the initiation complex or to end the response to facilitate further transcriptional programs. Due to RAR/RXR heterodimers acting as subtrates to the non steroid hormone ligand retinoid they are extensively involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis.

The nuclear receptor 4A1 also known as Nur77, TR3, and NGFI-B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR4A1 gene.

Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR-alpha), also known as NR2B1 is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the RXRA gene.

Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR-α), also known as NR1B1 is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the RARA gene.

RIG-I is a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that can mediate induction of a type-I interferon (IFN1) response. RIG-I is an essential molecule in the innate immune system for recognizing cells that have been infected with a virus. These viruses can include West Nile virus, Japanese Encephalitis virus, influenza A, Sendai virus, flavivirus, and coronaviruses.

Retinoid X receptor beta (RXR-beta), also known as NR2B2 is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the RXRB gene.

Retinoic acid receptor gamma (RAR-γ), also known as NR1B3 is a nuclear receptor encoded by the RARG gene. Adapalene selectively targets retinoic acid receptor beta and retinoic acid receptor gamma and its agonism of the gamma subtype is largely responsible for adapalene's observed effects.

G protein-coupled receptor 56 also known as TM7XN1 is a protein encoded by the ADGRG1 gene. GPR56 is a member of the adhesion GPCR family. Adhesion GPCRs are characterized by an extended extracellular region often possessing N-terminal protein modules that is linked to a TM7 region via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain.

Protein kinase C eta type is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKCH gene.

Decoy receptor 2 (DCR2), also known as TRAIL receptor 4 (TRAILR4) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10D (TNFRSF10D), is a human cell surface receptor of the TNF-receptor superfamily.

Retinol binding protein 1, cellular, also known as RBP1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBP1 gene.

Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRABP1 gene.

OX-2 membrane glycoprotein, also named CD200 is a human protein encoded by the CD200 gene. CD200 gene is in human located on chromosome 3 in proximity to genes encoding other B7 proteins CD80/CD86. In mice CD200 gene is on chromosome 16.

Large tumor suppressor kinase 2 (LATS2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LATS2 gene.

Retinoic acid receptor responder protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RARRES1 gene.

RING finger protein 135 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RNF135 gene.

Chemerin, also known as retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 (RARRES2), tazarotene-induced gene 2 protein (TIG2), or RAR-responsive protein TIG2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RARRES2 gene.

In molecular biology, the latexin family is a family of proteins which family consists of several animal specific latexin and proteins related to latexin that belong to MEROPS proteinase inhibitor family I47, clan IH.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000133321 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Duvic M, Nagpal S, Asano AT, Chandraratna RA (Sep 1997). "Molecular mechanisms of tazarotene action in psoriasis". J Am Acad Dermatol. 37 (2 Pt 3): S18–24. doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(97)80396-9. PMID 9270552.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: RARRES3 retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced) 3".
↑ Oshiumi, Hiroyuki; Matsumoto Misako; Hatakeyama Shigetsugu; Seya Tsukasa (Jan 2009). "Riplet/RNF135, a RING finger protein, ubiquitinates RIG-I to promote interferon-beta induction during the early phase of viral infection". J. Biol. Chem. United States. 284 (2): 807–17. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M804259200 . ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 19017631.

Nagpal S, Patel S, Jacobe H, et al. (1997). "Tazarotene-induced gene 2 (TIG2), a novel retinoid-responsive gene in skin". J. Invest. Dermatol. 109 (1): 91–5. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12276660 . PMID 9204961.
DiSepio D, Ghosn C, Eckert RL, et al. (1999). "Identification and characterization of a retinoid-induced class II tumor suppressor/growth regulatory gene". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (25): 14811–5. Bibcode:1998PNAS...9514811D. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.25.14811 . PMC 24531 . PMID 9843971.
Huang SL, Shyu RY, Yeh MY, Jiang SY (2000). "Cloning and characterization of a novel retinoid-inducible gene 1(RIG1) deriving from human gastric cancer cells". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 159 (1–2): 15–24. doi:10.1016/S0303-7207(99)00207-5. PMID 10687848. S2CID 11139637.
Duvic M, Helekar B, Schulz C, et al. (2000). "Expression of a retinoid-inducible tumor suppressor, Tazarotene-inducible gene-3, is decreased in psoriasis and skin cancer". Clin. Cancer Res. 6 (8): 3249–59. PMID 10955811.
Deucher A, Nagpal S, Chandraratna RA, et al. (2001). "The carboxy-terminal hydrophobic domain of TIG3, a class II tumor suppressor protein, is required for appropriate cellular localization and optimal biological activity". Int. J. Oncol. 17 (6): 1195–203. doi:10.3892/ijo.17.6.1195. PMID 11078805.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932.
Higuchi E, Chandraratna RA, Hong WK, Lotan R (2003). "Induction of TIG3, a putative class II tumor suppressor gene, by retinoic acid in head and neck and lung carcinoma cells and its association with suppression of the transformed phenotype". Oncogene. 22 (30): 4627–35. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206235 . PMID 12879006. S2CID 20142546.
Sturniolo MT, Dashti SR, Deucher A, et al. (2004). "A novel tumor suppressor protein promotes keratinocyte terminal differentiation via activation of type I transglutaminase". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (48): 48066–73. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M307215200 . PMID 12928434.
Yoneyama M, Kikuchi M, Natsukawa T, et al. (2004). "The RNA helicase RIG-I has an essential function in double-stranded RNA-induced innate antiviral responses". Nat. Immunol. 5 (7): 730–7. doi:10.1038/ni1087. PMID 15208624. S2CID 34876422.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928 . PMID 15489334.
Jiang SY, Chou JM, Leu FJ, et al. (2005). "Decreased expression of type II tumor suppressor gene RARRES3 in tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma". World J. Gastroenterol. 11 (7): 948–53. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i7.948 . PMC 4250783 . PMID 15742394.
Sturniolo MT, Chandraratna RA, Eckert RL (2005). "A novel transglutaminase activator forms a complex with type 1 transglutaminase". Oncogene. 24 (18): 2963–72. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208392 . PMID 15846304.
Jiang SY, Wu MS, Chen LM, et al. (2005). "Identification and characterization of the retinoic acid response elements in the human RIG1 gene promoter". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 331 (2): 630–9. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.214. PMID 15850806.
Lotz K, Kellner T, Heitmann M, et al. (2005). "Suppression of the TIG3 tumor suppressor gene in human ovarian carcinomas is mediated via mitogen-activated kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms". Int. J. Cancer. 116 (6): 894–902. doi: 10.1002/ijc.21127 . PMID 15856468. S2CID 19064264.
Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, et al. (2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Res. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129 . PMID 16344560.
Guo Z, Chen LM, Zeng H, et al. (2007). "NS1 protein of influenza A virus inhibits the function of intracytoplasmic pathogen sensor, RIG-I". Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 36 (3): 263–9. doi:10.1165/rcmb.2006-0283RC. PMID 17053203.
Chen Z, Benureau Y, Rijnbrand R, et al. (2007). "GB virus B disrupts RIG-I signaling by NS3/4A-mediated cleavage of the adaptor protein MAVS". J. Virol. 81 (2): 964–76. doi:10.1128/JVI.02076-06. PMC 1797450 . PMID 17093192.
Tsai FM, Shyu RY, Jiang SY (2007). "RIG1 suppresses Ras activation and induces cellular apoptosis at the Golgi apparatus". Cell. Signal. 19 (5): 989–99. doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.11.005. PMID 17196792.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000133321 - Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid9270552-3] Duvic M, Nagpal S, Asano AT, Chandraratna RA (Sep 1997). "Molecular mechanisms of tazarotene action in psoriasis". J Am Acad Dermatol. 37 (2 Pt 3): S18–24. doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(97)80396-9. PMID 9270552.

[entrez-4] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: RARRES3 retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced) 3".

[pmid19017631-5] Oshiumi, Hiroyuki; Matsumoto Misako; Hatakeyama Shigetsugu; Seya Tsukasa (Jan 2009). "Riplet/RNF135, a RING finger protein, ubiquitinates RIG-I to promote interferon-beta induction during the early phase of viral infection". J. Biol. Chem. United States. 284 (2): 807–17. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M804259200 . ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 19017631.

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RARRES3

Contents

Interactions

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading