RIS (file format)

Last updated
RIS
Filename extension
.ris
Internet media type
application/x-research-info-systems
Type of formatBibliography

RIS is a standardized tag format developed by Research Information Systems, Incorporated (the format name refers to the company) to enable citation programs to exchange data. [1] It is supported by a number of reference managers. Many digital libraries, like Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, the ACM Portal, Scopemed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Rayyan, The Lens, Accordance Bible Software, [2] and online library catalogs can export citations in this format. Citation management applications can export and import citations in this format.

Contents

Format

The RIS file format—two letters, two spaces and a hyphen—is a tagged format for expressing bibliographic citations. According to the specifications, [3] [4] [5] the lines must end with the ASCII carriage return and line feed characters. Note that this is the convention on Microsoft Windows, while in other contemporary operating systems, particularly Unix, the end of line is typically marked by line feed only.

Multiple citation records can be present in a single RIS file. A record ends with an "end record" tag ER - with no additional blank lines between records.

Example record

This is an example of how the article "Claude E. Shannon. A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27:379–423, July 1948" would be expressed in the RIS file format:

TY  - JOUR AU  - Shannon, Claude E. PY  - 1948 DA  - July TI  - A Mathematical Theory of Communication T2  - Bell System Technical Journal SP  - 379 EP  - 423 VL  - 27 ER  -  

Example multi-record format

This is an example of how two citation records would be expressed in a single RIS file. Note the first record ends with ER - and the second record begins with TY - JOUR:

TY  - JOUR AU  - Shannon, Claude E. PY  - 1948 DA  - July TI  - A Mathematical Theory of Communication T2  - Bell System Technical Journal SP  - 379 EP  - 423 VL  - 27 ER  -  TY  - JOUR T1  - On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem A1  - Turing, Alan Mathison JO  - Proc. of London Mathematical Society VL  - 47 IS  - 1 SP  - 230 EP  - 265 Y1  - 1937 ER  -  

Tags

The TY - tag must appear first and the ER - tag must appear last. [6] [7] [8] Most tags must appear at most once, but the author, keyword, and URL tags can be repeated. [6]

Each name must be formatted as a comma-separated list of last name, first name (including middle names, can be initials), and suffix, in that order, and must not be longer than 255 characters. [6] [9] [10] [8] Unless otherwise specified, each date must be formatted as a slash-separated list of 4-digit year, 2-digit month, 2-digit day, and other info (e.g. season); unused fields may be omitted if they are at the end. [6] [11] [8]

Many strings have limits on what characters they can contain (e.g. any ASCII character, just alphanumerics, or just digits) or their length (often limited to 255 characters). These are only sometimes noted in the table below; see the linked sources to double-check, particularly [9] and the pages in RIS Format Specifications.

There are two major versions of the RIS specification, one from 2001, and one from the end of 2011 with different lists of tags for each type of record, sometimes with different meanings. [4] [5] [12] [13] Below is an excerpt of the main RIS tags, from both versions. Except for TY - and ER -, order of tags is free and their inclusion is optional.[ better source needed ]

 Tag Meaning (see linked references for more details, such as which types have which interpretations)
A1Interviewee. [14] (Primary) author. [9] [10] [15] [16] [17] [18] Synonym of AU. [8]
A2Secondary author/editor/translator, e.g. editor, performers, sponsor, series editor, reporter, institution, name of file, producer, series director, department, interviewer, issuing organization, recipient, or narrator. The tag must be repeated for each person. Synonym of ED. [6] [9] [10] [14] [8] [15] [16] [18] [19] [20]
A3Tertiary author/editor/translator, e.g. series editor/author, illustrator, editor, higher court, producer, director, international author, publisher, or advisor. The tag must be repeated for each person. [6] [9] [10] [14] [8] [15] [18] [19] [20] Collaborators. [16] [17]
A4Subsidiary/quaternary author/editor/translator, e.g. translator, counsel, sponsor, funding agency, performers, producer, department/division, or volume editor. The tag must be repeated for each person. [6] [14] [15] [18] [20]
A5Quinary author / compiler. [15]
A6Website editor. [15]
ABAbstract or synopsis. [6] [14] [8] [15] [17] [18] [19] Notes. [11] [20] Synonym of N2. [8]
AD(Author/editor/inventor) address, e.g. postal address, email address, phone number, and/or fax number. [6] [14] [9] [21] [8] [15] [18] [19] Institution. [20]
ANAccession number. [6] [14] [15] [20]
AU(Primary) author/editor/translator, e.g. author, artist, created by, attribution, programmer, investigators, editor, director, interviewee, cartographer, composer, reporter, inventor, or institution. The tag must be repeated for each person. Synonym of A1. [6] [10] [14] [8] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]
AVNotes. [14] Availability (description of where to find it). [9] [22] [8] [15] Location in archives.[ citation needed ]
BTPrimary/secondary title. [8] [23] [16] [18] [19] For Whole Book (BOOK) and Unpublished Work (UNPB) references, this maps to T1 or TI; for all other types, this maps to T2. [8] [23] Subtitle. [16] Book title. [17]
C1Custom 1, e.g. legal note, cast, author affiliation, section, place published, time period, term, year cited, government body, contact name, scale, format of music, column, or sender's e-mail. [6] [14] [18] [20]
C2Custom 2, e.g. PMCID, credits, year published, unit of observation, date cited, congress number, contact address, area, form of composition, issue, issue date, recipients e-mail, or report number. [6] [14] [18] [20]
C3Custom 3, e.g. size/length, title prefix, proceedings title, data type, PMCID, congress session, contact phone, size, music parts, or designated states. [6] [14] [18] [20]
C4Custom 4, e.g. reviewer, dataset(s), genre, contact fax, target audience, or attorney/agent. [6] [14] [18] [20]
C5Custom 5, e.g. format, packaging method, issue title, last update date, funding number, accompanying matter, format/length, references, or publisher. [6] [14] [18] [20]
C6Custom 6, e.g. NIHMSID, CFDA number, legal status, issue, or volume. [6] [14] [18] [20]
C7Custom 7, e.g. article number or PMCID. [6] [14] [18] [20]
C8Custom 8, not used by any of the standard types. [6] [14] [18] [20]
CACaption. [6] [14] [18] [19] [20]
CLClassification. [15]
CNCall number. [6] [14] [15] [16] [18] [19] [20]
CPCity/place of publication. [9] [16] Issue. [21] [18]
CRCited references. [15]
CTCaption. [14] Primary title. [23] [16] Address. [18] Title of unpublished reference.[ citation needed ]
CYPlace published, e.g. city, conference location, country, or activity location. [6] [14] [21] [8] [16] [18] [19] [20]
DADate, e.g. date accessed, last update date, date decided, date of collection, date released, deadline, date of code edition, or date enacted. [6] [14] [18] [20]
DBName of database. [6] [14] [15] [18] [20]
DI Digital Object Identifier (DOI). [18]
DO Digital Object Identifier (DOI). [6] [14] [15] [16] [18] [19] [20] This used to be documented as "Document Object Index". [24]
DOI Digital Object Identifier (DOI). [17]
DPDatabase provider. [6] [14] [18] [20]
DSData source. [15]
EDSecondary author. [10] Editor. [17] [18] [19] Synonym of A2. [8] [16] Edition. [15]
EPPages. [14] End page. [9] [21] [8] [16] [17] [18] [19]
EREnd of reference. Must be the last tag. [6] [7] [9] [23] [8] [17]
ETEdition, e.g. epub (electronic publication?) date, date published, session, action of higher court, version, requirement, description of material, international patent classification, or description. [6] [14] [16] [18] [19] [20]
FDFree-form publication data. [15]
H1Location (library). [16]
H2Location (call number). [16]
IDReference identifier, may be limited to 20 alphanumeric characters. [9] [23] [8] [15] [18] [19]
IPIdentifying phrase. [15]
ISNumber, e.g. issue or number of volumes. [6] [14] [9] [21] [8] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]
J1Notes. [14] User abbreviation 1 of journal/periodical name. [9] [25] [8] [13] [18]
J2Alternate title, e.g. alternate journal, abbreviated publication, abbreviation, or alternate magazine. If possible, it should be a standard abbreviation, preferably using the Index Medicus style including periods. This field is used for the abbreviated title of a book or journal name, the latter mapped to T2. [6] [14] [13] [18] [20]

User abbreviation 2 of journal/periodical name. [9] [25] [8] [13]

JAStandard abbreviation for journal/periodical name. [25] [13] [16] [17] [18]
JFFull name of journal/periodical. [9] [25] [8] [13] [15] [16] [17] [18] [20]
JOAbbreviation (for journal/periodical name). [14] [8] [13] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] "Periodical name: full format. This is an alphanumeric field of up to 255 characters." [9] [25]
K1Keyword. [15]
KWKeyword/phrase. Must be at most 255 characters long. May be repeated any number of times to add multiple keywords. [6] [14] [9] [26] [8] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]
L1File attachments, e.g. figure. [6] [14] [18] [19] [20] "Link to PDF. There is no practical length limit to this field. URL addresses can be entered individually, one per tag or multiple addresses can be entered on one line using a semi-colon as a separator. These links should end with a file name, and not simply a landing page. Use the UR tag for URL links." [9] [22] Internet link. [16] Local file. [18]
L2URL. [14] "Link to Full-text. There is no practical length limit to this field. URL addresses can be entered individually, one per tag or multiple addresses can be entered on one line using a semi-colon as a separator." [9] [22] Internet link. [16]
L3 DOI. [14] Related records. [9] [22] Internet link. [16]
L4Figure, e.g. URL or file attachments. [6] [14] [18] [19] [20] Images. [9] [22] Internet link. [16] Local file. [18]
LALanguage. [6] [14] [15] [18] [19] [20]
LBLabel. [6] [14] [18] [20]
LKLinks. [15]
LLSponsoring library location. [15]
M1Number, publication number, text number, size, bill number, series volume, computer, issue, chapter, status, document number, start page, issue number, folio number, number of screens, application number, number of pages, public law number, or access date. [14] [18] [20] Miscellaneous 1. [9] [22] [8] [17] [18] A good place for type or genre information. [8]
M2Start page, notes, or number of pages. [14] [20] Miscellaneous 2. [9] [22] [17] [18]
M3Type of work, e.g. type (of work/article/medium/image); citation of reversal; medium; funding, patent, or thesis type; format; or form of item. [6] [14] [18] [20] Miscellaneous 3. [9] [22] [8] [17] [18] Suitable to hold the medium. [8]
N1Notes. [6] [14] [9] [11] [8] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]
N2Abstract. [14] [9] [11] [8] [16] [18] Synonym of AB. [8]
NONotes. [15]
NVNumber of volumes, e.g. extent of work, reporter abbreviation, catalog number, study number, document number, version, amount received, session number, frequency, manuscript number, US patent classification, communication number, series volume, or statute number. Ignored for Press Release (PRESS). [6] [14] [18] [19] [20]
OLOutput language (using one of the documented numeric codes). [15]
OPOriginal publication, e.g. contents, history, content, version history, original grant number, or priority numbers. [6] [14] [18] Other pages. [15] [20] Original foreign title. [15]
PAPersonal notes. [15]
PBPublisher, e.g. court, distributor, sponsoring agency, library/archive, assignee, institution, source, or university / degree grantor. [6] [14] [9] [21] [8] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]
PMCIDPMCID. [15]
PMIDPMID. [15]
PPPlace of publication. [15]
PY(Primary) (publication) year/date, e.g. year decided, year of conference, or year released. [6] [14] [11] [8] [16] [17] [18] [20] Must always use 4 digits, with leading zeros if before 1000. [6] Synonym of Y1. [8]
RDRetrieved date. [15]
RIReviewed item, geographic coverage, or article number. [14] [18] [20]
RNResearch notes. [14] [18] [20]
RPReprint status, e.g. reprint edition, review date, or notes. Has three possible values: "IN FILE", "NOT IN FILE", or "ON REQUEST". "ON REQUEST" must be followed by an MM/DD/YY date in parentheses. [6] [14] [9] [26] [8] [17] [18] [20]
RTReference type. [15]
SESection, screens, code section, message number, pages, chapter, filed date, number of pages, original release date, version, e-pub date, duration of grant, section number, start page, international patent number, or running time. [14] [18] [20]
SFSubfile/database. [15]
SLSponsoring library. [15]
SNISSN, ISBN, or report/document/patent number. [14] [9] [21] [8] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]
SPPages, description, code pages, number of pages, first/start page, or running time. [14] [9] [21] [8] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]
SRSource type: Print(0) or Electronic(1). [15]
STShort title or abbreviated case name. [14] [15] [18] [20]
SVSeries volume. [14]
T1(Primary) title. [14] [9] [23] [13] [15] [16] [17] [18]
T2Secondary title, journal, periodical, publication title, code, title of weblog, series title, book title, image source program, conference name, dictionary title, periodical title, encyclopedia title, committee, program, title number, magazine, collection title, album title, newspaper, published source, title of show, section title, academic department, or full journal name. [6] [14] [9] [23] [8] [13] [15] [16] [18] [19] [20] Subtitle. [16]
T3Tertiary title, volume title, series title, legislative body, institution, decision, website title, location of work, supplement no., international title, paper number, international source, or department. [14] [9] [23] [8] [15] [16] [18] [19] [20]
TATranslated author. [14] [20]
TI(Primary) title, e.g. title of entry/grant/podcast/work, case name, or name of act. [14] [23] [8] [13] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]
TTTranslated title. [14] [18] [20]
TY Type of reference. Must be the first tag. [6] [7] [9] [23] [8] [17] [20]
U1Notes. [14] [18] User definable 1. [9] [22] [8] [15] [16] [17] Thesis-type hint. [27] [19]
U2–U5Notes. [14] [18] User definable 2–5. [9] [22] [8] [15] [16] [17]
U6–U15User definable 6–15. [15]
URWeb/URL. Can be repeated for multiple tags, or multiple URLs can be entered in the same tag as a semicolon-separated list. [6] [9] [22] [8] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]
VLVolume, code volume, access year, reporter volume, image size, edition, amount requested, rule number, volume/storage container, number, patent version number, code number, or degree. [14] [9] [21] [8] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]
VOVolume. [15] [18] Published Standard number.[ citation needed ]
WPDate of electronic publication. [15]
WTWebsite title. [15]
WVWebsite version. [15]
Y1"Year///Date". [14] Primary date/year. [9] [11] [16] [17] [18] Synonym of PY. [8]
Y2Access date or date enacted. [14] [18] [20] Secondary date. [9] [11] [8] [16] Date of publication. [17]
YRPublication year. [15]

Type of reference

The type of reference preceded by the TY - tag must abbreviated as:

RIS reference types
Abbreviation ("Field Label")Type ("Ref Type")Category [14]
ABSTAbstract [6] [9] [28] [8] [16] [18] [19] Journal Article
ADVSAudiovisual (material) [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] Audiovisual Material
AGGRAggregated database [6] [14] Aggregated Database
ANCIENTAncient text [6] [14] Ancient Text
ARTArtwork [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] Artwork
BILLBill/resolution [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] Bill (was Bill, Unenacted Bill)
BLOGBlog [6] [14] Blog
BOOKBook (whole) [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] [18] [19] Book
CASELegal case and case notes [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] [18] [19] Case
CHAPBook section/chapter [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] [18] Book Section
CHARTChart [6] [14] Chart
CLSWKClassical work [6] [14] Classical Work
COMPComputer program [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] [18] [19] Computer Program
CONFConference proceedings [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] [18] Conference Proceedings
CPAPERConference paper [6] [14] Conference Paper
CTLGCatalog [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] Catalog
DATAData file / dataset [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] Dataset (was Data File) AND Computer Program
DBASEOnline database [6] [14] Online Database
DICTDictionary [6] [14] Dictionary
EBOOKElectronic book [6] [14] Electronic Book
ECHAPElectronic book section [6] [14] Electronic Book Section
EDBOOKEdited book [6] [14] Edited Book
EJOURElectronic article [6] [14] Electronic Article
ELECWeb page / electronic citation [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] [18] [19] Web Page
ENCYCEncyclopedia [6] [14] Encyclopedia
EQUAEquation [6] [14] Equation
FIGUREFigure [6] [14] Figure
GENGeneric [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] [18] Generic
GOVDOCGovernment document [6] [14] Government Document
GRNTGrant [6] [14] Grant
HEARHearing [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] [18] [19] Hearing
ICOMMInternet communication [6] [9] [28] [8] [16] Personal Communication
INPRIn press article [6] [9] [28] [8] [16] Journal Article
INTVInterview [6] [14] Interview
JFULLJournal/periodical (full) [6] [9] [28] [8] [16] Journal Article
JOURJournal/periodical (article) [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] [18] [19] Journal Article
LEGALLegal rule (or regulation) [6] [14] Legal Rule
MANSCPTManuscript [6] [14] Manuscript
MAPMap or cartographic data [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] [18] [19] Map
MGZNMagazine (article) [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] [18] [19] Magazine Article
MPCTFilm or broadcast / motion picture [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] Film or Broadcast
MULTIOnline multimedia [6] [14] Online Multimedia
MUSICMusic (score) [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] Music
NEWSNewspaper (article) [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] [18] [19] Newspaper Article
PAMPPamphlet [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] [18] [19] Pamphlet
PATPatent [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] [18] [19] Patent
PCOMMPersonal communication [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] [18] [19] Personal Communication
PODPodcast [6] [14] Podcast
PRESSPress release [6] [14] Press Release
RPRTReport [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] [18] [19] Report
SERSerial (book, monograph) [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] Serial
SLIDESlide [6] [9] [28] [8] [16] Audiovisual Material
SOUNDSound recording [6] [9] [28] [8] [16] Audiovisual Material
STANDStandard [6] [14] Standard
STATStatute [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] [18] [19] Statute
STDGeneric [18]
THESThesis/dissertation [6] [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] [18] [19] Thesis
UNBILLUnenacted bill/resolution [6] [9] [28] [8] [16] Bill (was Bill, Unenacted Bill)
UNPBUnpublished work [14] [9] [28] [8] [16] [18] [19] Unpublished Work
UNPDUnpublished work [6]
VIDEOVideo recording [6] [9] [28] [8] [16] Audiovisual Material
WEBWeb page [6]

See also

References

  1. The origin of the name RIS was obtained via email from Henry Johnson, a Customer Technical Representative at Scientific Thomson Reuters. Research Information Systems was acquired by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) in 1994, a division of Thomson Business Information (later Thomson Reuters and then Clarivate). Thomson subsequently acquired ProCite from Personal Bibliographic Software Inc, as well as Niles software, the creators of EndNote. The result of the merger was the creation of ISI ResearchSoft, a subsidiary of Thomson Reuters, which produces Reference Manager, EndNote and ProCite. Email date 7/3/08.
  2. "New Features in 11.2". www.accordancebible.com. Archived from the original on 2016-06-05.
  3. "RIS File Format". ResearcherID.com. Thomson Reuters. 2012. Archived from the original on 2017-07-07.
  4. 1 2 "RIS Format Specifications". Reference Manager. The Thomson Corporation. 2001-02-14. Archived from the original on 2011-09-30.
  5. 1 2 "RIS Format Specifications". Reference Manager. The Thomson Corporation. 2011-10-06. Archived from the original on 2012-05-26.
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  7. 1 2 3 "Field Types and Tags: Page 2 of 2". RIS Format Specifications. February 14, 2001. p. 2. Archived from the original on July 26, 2010.
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