Raspberry Pi 4

Last updated

Raspberry Pi 4
Raspberry Pi 4 Model B - Top.jpg
Also known asPi 4, RPi4
DeveloperRaspberry Pi Trading
Type Single-board computer
Release date24 June 2019;4 years ago (2019-06-24)
Introductory price$35 (1 GB)
$45 (2 GB)
$55 (4 GB)
$75 (8 GB)
Operating system Raspberry Pi OS
System on a chip Broadcom BCM2711
CPU Quad-core ARM Cortex-A72 @ 1.5 GHz (B0 Revision)
/ 1.8 GHz (C0 Revision)
Memory(LPDDR4 @ 3200 MHz)
Removable storage MicroSD, USB Storage
Graphics VideoCore VI @ 500 MHz
Power5V @ 3A
PredecessorRaspberry Pi 3B+
SuccessorRaspberry Pi 5
Aluminum Heatsink Case for Raspberry Pi 4 - Blue - 49317288727.jpg
Aluminum Heatsink Case for Raspberry Pi 4 - Gold.jpg
Aluminum Heatsink Case for Raspberry Pi 4 - Green - 49317288697.jpg
Aluminum Heatsink Case for Raspberry Pi 4 - Black.jpg
Aluminum Heatsink Case for Raspberry Pi 4 - Purple - 49317289942.jpg
Aluminum Heatsink Case for Raspberry Pi 4 - Red - 49317289912.jpg
Colored anodized aluminium Raspberry Pi 4 heat sink cases

The Raspberry Pi 4 is the 4th generation of the mainline series of Raspberry Pi single-board computers. Developed by Raspberry Pi Trading and released on 24 June 2019, the Pi 4 came with many improvements over its predecessor; the SoC was upgraded to the Broadcom BCM2711, two of the Raspberry Pi's four USB ports were upgraded to USB 3.0, and options were added for RAM capacities larger than the 1 GB standard for the preceding Raspberry Pi 3 series. [1] The Pi 4 also ends the trend of the $35 maximum MSRP that previous Raspberry Pis had adhered to, as the larger RAM capacities added extra cost to the board; however, the base 1 GB model is still sold for $35. [2] [3] On 28 September 2023, the Raspberry Pi 5 was announced as the successor to the Raspberry Pi 4. [4]

Contents

Features

CPU

The Raspberry Pi 4 uses a Quad-core ARM Cortex-A72 clocked at either 1.5 GHz or 1.8 GHz depending on the revision of the BCM2711 SoC on the board. [5] The older B0 stepping was originally used for the Pi 4, but this was replaced with the newer C0-stepped chip starting in mid-2021. The higher clock rate of the C0 stepping is due to the marginally improved thermals. [6] The processor also contains 32 KB of data L1 cache and 48 KB of instruction L1 cache, alongside 1 MB of shared L2 cache. [5]

GPU

The Broadcom BCM2711 SoC features an upgraded GPU compared to previous iterations of Raspberry Pi, going from the VideoCore IV clocked at 400 MHz to the VideoCore VI clocked at 500 MHz. Alongside the faster clock rate, the VideoCore VI also includes its own memory manager, allowing it to access more memory than its predecessor. [5] The VideoCore VI is compliant with OpenGL ES 3.1 and Vulkan 1.2. [7] [8]

RAM

The Raspberry Pi 4 replaces the 1 GB of LPDDR2 with options for either 1 GB, 2 GB, 4 GB, or 8 GB of 3200 MHz LPDDR4. The 8 GB Pi 4 released a year after the other models. [9] [10]

IO and Connectivity

Raspberry Pi 4 with PoE HAT 18346-Raspberry Pi PoE HAT-01 (cropped).jpg
Raspberry Pi 4 with PoE HAT

Numerous improvements were introduced to IO functionality with the Raspberry Pi 4. The total USB bandwidth was upgraded, going from four USB 2.0 ports to two USB 3.0 ports and 2 USB 2.0 ports. A dedicated ethernet controller on the BCM2711 SoC allowed for the addition of gigabit ethernet. [11] The singular full-sized HDMI port on the Raspberry Pi 3 has also been replaced with dual micro-HDMI connectors. [1] [12] Bluetooth was upgraded from 4.2 on the Raspberry Pi 3, to 5.0 on the Raspberry Pi 4. [13] The power supply connector also changed from Micro-USB to USB-C. [14] The ethernet port features Power over Ethernet IEEE 802.3af (802.3at Type 1) like the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+.

Compute Module 4

Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 CM 4 TOP DOWN ON WHITE (cropped).jpg
Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4

On 19 October 2020, 16 months after the original release of the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B, Raspberry Pi released the Compute Module 4, a version of the Pi 4 platform designed for embedded and industrial applications. The Compute Module 4, like the original Pi 4 model, features options for 1 GB, 2 GB, 4 GB, and 8 GB of RAM; however, it also features options for 8 GB, 16 GB, or 32 GB of optional eMMC onboard storage. There is also an option for wireless 2.4/5 GHz wireless connectivity. [15] Because of the total of 32 variations for the Compute Module 4, the MSRP ranges from $30 to $95 depending on the configuration. [16]

Compute Module 4 Configurations [17]
WirelessRAMeMMCPrice
No1 GBLite$30
8 GB$35
16 GB$40
32 GB$45
2 GBLite$35
8 GB$40
16 GB$45
32 GB$50
4 GBLite$50
8 GB$55
16 GB$60
32 GB$65
8 GBLite$75
8 GB$80
16 GB$85
32 GB$90
Yes1 GBLite$35
8 GB$40
16 GB$45
32 GB$50
2 GBLite$40
8 GB$45
16 GB$50
32 GB$55
4 GBLite$55
8 GB$60
16 GB$65
32 GB$70
8 GBLite$80
8 GB$85
16 GB$90
32 GB$95

IO and Connectivity

Unlike the original Raspberry Pi 4 Model B, the Compute Module 4 uses a pair of 100-pin connectors on the bottom of the board for IO instead of traditional ports. These connectors are not meant to be accessed directly by the end user; instead, they are meant to interface with a daughter board to provide IO functionality. While the pins on the Compute Module 4 can be used for the same interfaces as other Pi 4 models, the Compute Module 4 exposes the PCIe 2.0 bus that was previously used for USB 3.0. The freeing of the PCIe bus allows designers to use it for other use cases, such as native NVMe storage or faster networking. [18] Models of Compute Module 4 that have an eMMC chip do not have the capability to connect to external eMMC or microSD storage. [19]

Raspberry Pi 400

Raspberry Pi 400 keyboard computer RPI 400 TOP DOWN REAR WHITE (1).jpg
Raspberry Pi 400 keyboard computer

The Raspberry Pi 400 is the final Raspberry Pi product to be based on the Raspberry Pi 4 platform. Released 2 November 2020, the Pi 400 is a Raspberry Pi 4 with 4 GB of RAM in a keyboard form factor. Intended to be used as a desktop PC, the Raspberry Pi 400 can either be bought alone for $70, or as part of a desktop kit which includes the Pi 400 itself, a power supply, a mouse, a 16 GB microSD card with Raspberry Pi OS preinstalled, and a guide book for $100. [20]

Peripherals

Compute Module 4 IO Board

The Compute Module 4 IO Board is an official daughter board designed to give Compute Module 4 users easier access to its various interfaces. While the board does feature many of the same ports as the original Pi 4 Model B, the Compute Module 4 IO Board also adds and changes various connectivity options. [21]

PCI-e 2.0

The CM4 IO Board exposes the PCI-e 2.0 bus of the Compute Module 4, rather than having the bus directly connect to a USB 3.0 controller. The bus is exposed through a standard 1x PCI-e connector, allowing for the connection of standard PCI-e peripherals such as networking cards, high-speed storage devices, and even allows the possibility of external GPU support. [22]

USB-C Power Issues

During the launch of the original Raspberry Pi 4, people soon discovered that some USB-C power cables would not work with the board. The reason for this was found to be the Pi 4's USB-C power connector being non-compliant with the official specification. The issue stems from the Raspberry Pi 4's use of a shared CC pull-down resistor, rather than each CC line being given its own resistor; the result of this change is that chargers using an e-marker chip will not be able to detect the Pi, thus supplying no voltage. [23]

The USB-C implementation was fixed with the release of the 1.2 revision of Raspberry Pi 4, which allowed for high-speed USB-C cables to work with the board. [24] [25]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Single-board computer</span> Computer whose components are on a single printed circuit board

A single-board computer (SBC) is a complete computer built on a single circuit board, with microprocessor(s), memory, input/output (I/O) and other features required of a functional computer. Single-board computers are commonly made as demonstration or development systems, for educational systems, or for use as embedded computer controllers. Many types of home computers or portable computers integrate all their functions onto a single printed circuit board.

The SGI Origin 350 is a mid-range server computer developed and manufactured by SGI introduced in 2003. Their discontinuation in December 2006 brought to a close almost two decades of MIPS and IRIX computing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IBM BladeCenter</span> Blade server architecture by IBM

The IBM BladeCenter was IBM's blade server architecture, until it was replaced by Flex System in 2012. The x86 division was later sold to Lenovo in 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pico-ITX</span>

In computer design, Pico-ITX is a PC motherboard form factor announced by VIA Technologies in January 2007 and demonstrated later the same year at CeBIT. The formfactor was transferred over to SFF-SIG in 2008. The Pico-ITX form factor specifications call for the board to be 10 × 7.2 cm (3.9 × 2.8 in), which is half the area of Nano-ITX.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acer TravelMate</span>

TravelMate is a line of business-oriented laptop computers manufactured by Acer. Of the various notebook series Acer has offered, the TravelMate is designated as a lightweight business and professional computer built to withstand day-to-day activities. Travelmate laptops are well received by reviewers, often, however, they are faulted for a lack of visual appeal. The TravelMate name was previously used by Texas Instruments, which sold its mobile computing division to Acer in 1997. The TravelMate mainly competes against business computers such as Dell's Latitude, HP's EliteBook and ProBook, Lenovo's ThinkPad and Toshiba's Portégé.

The Origin 3000 and the Onyx 3000 is a family of mid-range and high-end computers developed and manufactured by SGI. The Origin 3000 is a server, and the Onyx 3000 is a visualization system. Both systems were introduced in July 2000 to succeed the Origin 2000 and the Onyx2 respectively. These systems ran the IRIX 6.5 Advanced Server Environment operating system. Entry-level variants of these systems based on the same architecture but with a different hardware implementation are known as the Origin 300 and Onyx 300. The Origin 3000 was succeeded by the Altix 3000 in 2004 and the last model was discontinued on 29 December 2006, while the Onyx 3000 was succeeded by the Onyx4 and the Itanium-based Prism in 2004 and the last model was discontinued on 25 March 2005.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raspberry Pi</span> Series of low-cost single-board computers used for educational purposes and embedded systems

Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-board computers (SBCs) developed in the United Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi Foundation in association with Broadcom. Since 2013, Raspberry Pi devices have been developed and supported by a subsidiary of the Raspberry Pi Foundation, now named Raspberry Pi Ltd. The Raspberry Pi project originally leaned toward the promotion of teaching basic computer science in schools. The original model became more popular than anticipated, selling outside its target market for diverse uses such as robotics, home and industrial automation, and by computer and electronic hobbyists, because of its low cost, modularity, open design, and its adoption of the HDMI and USB standards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dell M1000e</span> Server computer

The Dell blade server products are built around their M1000e enclosure that can hold their server blades, an embedded EqualLogic iSCSI storage area network and I/O modules including Ethernet, Fibre Channel and InfiniBand switches.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raspberry Pi Foundation</span> Charity which promotes the study of basic computer science in schools, producer of the Raspberry Pi

The Raspberry Pi Foundation is a charity registered in England and Wales, as well as a UK company limited by guarantee. It was founded in 2009 to promote the study of computer science. It is part of a group that comprises legal entities in India, Ireland, and the United States, which carry out educational activities in those jurisdictions; and Raspberry Pi Ltd, a commercial subsidiary that develops Raspberry Pi computers and other hardware. The foundation’s charitable activities are funded through a combination of Gift Aid from the profits of Raspberry Pi Ltd, contracts for the delivery of educational services e.g. professional development for teachers, and donations from individuals, foundations, and other organisations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Next Unit of Computing</span> Small form factor PC designed by Intel

Next Unit of Computing (NUC) is a line of small-form-factor barebone computer kits designed by Intel. It was previewed in 2012 and launched in early 2013. The NUC has developed over ten generations, spanning from Sandy Bridge-based Celeron CPUs in the first generation through Ivy Bridge-based Core i3 and i5 CPUs in the second generation to Gemini Lake-based Pentium and Celeron CPUs and Kaby Lake-based Core i3, i5, and i7 CPUs in the seventh and eighth generations. The NUC motherboard usually measures approximately 10 × 10 centimetres (4 × 4 in), although some models have had different dimensions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Intel Galileo</span> Arduino-certified single-board computer

Intel Galileo is the first in a line of Arduino-certified development boards based on Intel x86 architecture and is designed for the maker and education communities. Intel released two versions of Galileo, referred to as Gen 1 and Gen 2. These development boards are sometimes called "Breakout boards".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Intel Edison</span> Computer-on-module by Intel

The Intel Edison is a computer-on-module that was offered by Intel as a development system for wearable devices and Internet of Things devices. The system was initially announced to be the same size and shape as an SD card and containing a dual-core Intel Quark x86 CPU at 400 MHz communicating via Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. A later announcement changed the CPU to a 500 MHz Silvermont dual-core Intel Atom CPU, and in September 2014 a second version of Edison was shown at IDF, which was bigger and thicker than a standard SD card.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Banana Pi</span>

Banana Pi is a line of single-board computers produced by the Chinese company Shenzhen SINOVOIP Company, its spin-off Guangdong BiPai Technology Company, and supported by Hon Hai Technology (Foxconn). Its hardware design was influenced by the Raspberry Pi, and both lines use the same 40-pin I/O connector.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SolidRun</span> Israeli hardware developer

SolidRun is an Israeli company producing Embedded systems components, mainly mini computers, Single-board computers and computer-on-module devices. It is specially known for the CuBox family of mini-computers, and for producing motherboards and processing components such as the HummingBoard motherboard.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GoWarrior</span> Open-source computing platform

GoWarrior is an open-source and community-supported computing platform. GoWarrior is designed for the world of makers, hackers, educators, hobbyists, and newbies to build electronics projects. It offers a complete package of hardware, software and cloud service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ESP32</span> Low-cost, low-power SoC microcontrollers with Bluetooth and Wi-Fi

ESP32 is a series of low-cost, low-power system on a chip microcontrollers with integrated Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth. The ESP32 series employs either a Tensilica Xtensa LX6 microprocessor in both dual-core and single-core variations, Xtensa LX7 dual-core microprocessor or a single-core RISC-V microprocessor and includes built-in antenna switches, RF balun, power amplifier, low-noise receive amplifier, filters, and power-management modules. ESP32 is created and developed by Espressif Systems, a Chinese company based in Shanghai, and is manufactured by TSMC using their 40 nm process. It is a successor to the ESP8266 microcontroller.

Pine Store Limited, known by its trade name Pine64, is a Hong Kong-based organization that designs, manufactures, and sells single-board computers, notebook computers, as well as smartwatch/smartphones. Its name was inspired by the mathematical constants pi and e with a reference to 64-bit computing power.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Home Assistant</span> Home automation software

Home Assistant is free and open-source software for home automation designed to be an Internet of things (IoT) ecosystem-independent integration platform and central control system for smart home devices, with a focus on local control and privacy. It can be accessed through a web-based user interface, by using companion apps for Android and iOS, or by voice commands via a supported virtual assistant, such as Google Assistant or Amazon Alexa, and their own "Assist".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RP2040</span> ARM-architecture microcontroller by the Raspberry Pi Foundation

RP2040 is a 32-bit dual ARM Cortex-M0+ microcontroller integrated circuit by Raspberry Pi Ltd. In January 2021, it was released as part of the Raspberry Pi Pico board.

References

  1. 1 2 "Raspberry Pi 4 Datasheet" (PDF). Raspberry Pi Datasheets. 21 June 2019. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  2. ↑ Ltd, Raspberry Pi. "Buy a Raspberry Pi 4 Model B". Raspberry Pi. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  3. ↑ "Raspberry Pi 4 Review". PCMAG. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  4. ↑ Upton, Eben (28 September 2023). "Introducing: Raspberry Pi 5!". Raspberry Pi. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  5. 1 2 3 "Raspberry Pi Documentation - Processors". www.raspberrypi.com. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  6. ↑ "Raspberry Pi 4 model Bs arriving with newer 'C0' stepping | Jeff Geerling". www.jeffgeerling.com. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  7. ↑ "Eben Upton Announces Official Raspberry Pi 4 VideoCore VI Open Source Vulkan Graphics Driver Effort". Hackster.io. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  8. ↑ Evenden, Ian (1 August 2022). "Raspberry Pi 4 Now Vulkan 1.2 Compliant". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  9. ↑ Upton, Eben (28 May 2020). "8GB Raspberry Pi 4 on sale now at $75". Raspberry Pi . Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  10. ↑ "Raspberry Pi 4 Specs, Release Date, and First Look". www.electromaker.io. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  11. ↑ Stanton (2 July 2019). "Raspberry Pi 4 Model B - Technical Specifications". Element 14. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  12. ↑ "Raspberry Pi 3B+ Reduced Schematics" (PDF). Raspberry Pi Datasheets. 19 March 2018. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  13. ↑ Garbett, Samuel L. (10 October 2022). "Raspberry Pi 3 vs. 4: What's the Difference?". MUO. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  14. ↑ "Raspberry Pi 3 vs 4: Which One Should You Get?". It's FOSS. 12 October 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  15. ↑ Upton, Eben (19 October 2020). "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 on sale now from $25". Raspberry Pi. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  16. ↑ "CM4 Product Brief" (PDF). Raspberry Pi Datasheets. April 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  17. ↑ "CM4 Product Brief (Pricing Table)" (PDF). Raspberry Pi Datasheets. April 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  18. ↑ Geerling, Jeff (28 May 2021). "Two Tiny Dual-Gigabit Raspberry Pi CM4 Routers". jeffgeerling.com. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  19. ↑ "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4" (PDF). Raspberry Pi Datasheets. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  20. ↑ Upton, Eben (2 November 2020). "Raspberry Pi 400: the $70 desktop PC". Raspberry Pi. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  21. ↑ "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 IO Board Product Brief" (PDF). Raspberry Pi Datasheets. October 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  22. ↑ "External graphics cards work on the Raspberry Pi | Jeff Geerling". www.jeffgeerling.com. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  23. ↑ Pecina, Eduardo (12 July 2019). "Raspberry Pi 4 USB-C Power Problems: How to Power Your New Board". Maker Pro. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  24. ↑ Broekhuijsen, Niels (17 September 2022). "Raspberry Pi 4 Revision Fixes USB-C Compatibility Problem". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  25. ↑ Aufranc, Jean-Luc (24 February 2020). "Raspberry Pi 4 Rev 1.2 Fixes USB-C Power Issues, Improves SD Card Resilience". CNX Software. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.