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A recitation in a general sense is the act of reciting from memory, or a formal reading of verse or other writing before an audience. [1] [2]
Public recitation is the act of reciting a work of writing before an audience.
In academia, recitation is a presentation made by a student to demonstrate knowledge of a subject or to provide instruction to others. [3] In some academic institutions the term is used for a presentation by a teaching assistant or instructor, under the guidance of a senior faculty member, that supplements course materials. In recitations that supplement lectures, the leader will often review the lecture, expand on the concepts, and carry on a discussion with the students. [4] [5]
In its most basic form, a student would recite verbatim poems or essays of others, [6] either to the teacher or tutor directly, or in front of a class or body of assembled students.
In classes involving mathematics and engineering, a recitation is often used as the vehicle to perform derivations or solve problems similar to those assigned to the students. [7]
Scientific classes, such as biology, chemistry, and physics, often employ the use of recitation sections to help students clarify subject matter that was either not fully understood or inadequately addressed in the limited time of lecture. These recitation sections may be conducted by the professor or a student teaching assistant. These sections provide students with an opportunity to receive additional instruction on confusing subject matter or receive personal assistance with problems or questions assigned as homework in the lecture section. [8] Some universities may require attendance at regularly scheduled recitation sections in addition to any required labs. [9] Recitations may also provide students with additional opportunities for receiving grades for the lecture portion of the course. Despite mandatory attendance and additional time spent in the classroom, these sections usually do not count towards university credits required for graduation, but may significantly increase a student's ability to understand important concepts required to pass the course.
Recitations of holy scriptures and prayers are common in the liturgies of Abrahamic religions. [10] [11] [12] [13]
Quran literally means "recitation". [14] [15] The 1924 Cairo Quran, the Quran that is in "general use" throughout almost all the Muslim world today, is based on the "Ḥafṣ" version ("qira'at") based on ʻAsim's recitation, the 8th-century recitation of Kufa. [16] ۞ [17] It uses a system of additional symbols and an elaborate system of modified vowel-signs and for minute details, not identical to any older system. [18]
Recitation is practiced as a performing art especially in Bangladesh and India. Nowadays it is a popular art form in Bengal. The reciters recite Bengali poems on stage and electronic media. Shambhu Mitra, Kazi Sabyasachi, Pradeep Ghosh, Partha Ghosh, Gouri Ghosh, Utpal Kundu are great reciters from West Bengal. Reciters like Samiran Sanyal, Bratati Bandyopadhyay, Bijoylakshmi Burman, Pinaki Chattopadhyay, Sutapa Bandyopadhyay, Urmimala Basu, Samya Karpha to name a few, are contributing significantly in this field. There are many such organizations of recitation, with most located in Bangladesh.
It was often popular for a poet to recite his or her newly-created poetry to an audience. In the early twentieth century, recitation developed into an autonomous art form.
Recitationes were a common way for Roman poets to test and publicize their works.
The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God. It is organized in 114 chapters, which consist of verses. In addition to its religious significance, it is widely regarded as the finest work in Arabic literature, and has significantly influenced the Arabic language.
Hafiz, literally meaning "memorizer", depending on the context, is a term used by Muslims for someone who has completely memorized the Quran. Hafiza is the female equivalent.
School prayer, in the context of religious liberty, is state-sanctioned or mandatory prayer by students in public schools. Depending on the country and the type of school, state-sponsored prayer may be required, permitted, or prohibited. Countries which prohibit or limit school prayer often differ in their reasons for doing so. In the United States, school prayer cannot be required of students in accordance with the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. This is generally rigorously applied in public schools; the Establishment Clause does not prevent prayer in private schools that have no public funding. In Canada, school-sponsored prayer is disallowed under the concept of freedom of conscience as outlined in the Canadian Charter on Rights & Fundamental Freedoms. School-sponsored prayer is disallowed in France as a byproduct of its status as a secular nation. Countries that allow or require school and other state-sponsored prayer include Greece, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Australia. The United Kingdom also requires daily worship by law, but does not enforce it.
A lecture is an oral presentation intended to present information or teach people about a particular subject, for example by a university or college teacher. Lectures are used to convey critical information, history, background, theories, and equations. A politician's speech, a minister's sermon, or even a business person's sales presentation may be similar in form to a lecture. Usually the lecturer will stand at the front of the room and recite information relevant to the lecture's content.
A seminar is a form of academic instruction, either at an academic institution or offered by a commercial or professional organization. It has the function of bringing together small groups for recurring meetings, focusing each time on some particular subject, in which everyone present is requested to participate. This is often accomplished through an ongoing Socratic dialogue with a seminar leader or instructor, or through a more formal presentation of research. It is essentially a place where assigned readings are discussed, questions can be raised and debates can be conducted.
A juzʼ is one of thirty parts of varying lengths into which the Quran is divided. It is also known as para (پارہ/পারা) in Iran and the Indian subcontinent. There are 30 juz in the quran.
In higher education a course is a unit of teaching that typically lasts one academic term, is led by one or more instructors, and has a fixed roster of students. A course usually covers an individual subject. Courses generally have a fixed program of sessions every week during the term, called lessons or classes. Students may receive a grade and academic credit after completion of the course. Courses can either be compulsory material or "elective". An elective is usually not a required course, but there are a certain number of non-specific electives that are required for certain majors. The entire collection of courses required to complete an academic degree is called a program of studies.
In the context of the recitation of the Quran, tajwīd is a set of rules for the correct pronunciation of the letters with all their qualities and applying the various traditional methods of recitation (Qira'at). In Arabic, the term tajwīd is derived from the verb جود, from the triliteral root ج-و-د (j-w-d), meaning enhancement or to make something excellent. Technically, it means giving every letter its right in reciting the Qur'an.
In Islam, Qirāʼah, are different linguistic, lexical, phonetic, morphological and syntactical forms permitted with reciting the holy book of Islam, the Quran. Differences between Qiraʼat are slight and include varying rules regarding the prolongation, intonation, and pronunciation of words, but also differences in stops, vowels, consonants, and less frequently entire words. Qiraʼat also refers to the branch of Islamic studies that deals with these modes of recitation.
‘Abdul-Basit ‘Abdus-Samad, or Abdel Basit Abdel Samad, or Abdul Basit Muhammad Abdus Samad was an Egyptian Quran reciter and Hafiz and is regarded as one of the best reciters of the Quran who ever lived. He had won three world Qira'at competitions in the early 1970s. ‘Abdus-Samad was one of the first huffaz to make commercial recordings of his recitations, and the first president of the Reciters' Union in Egypt. At 10, Abdul Basit finished learning the Quran. He also learned 7 styles of Quran recitation by the age of 12 and the 10 styles by 14. The quadrumvirate of Al-Minshawy, Abdul Basit, Mustafa Ismail, and Al-Hussary, who belong to the "Egyptian Reciting School", are generally considered the most important and famous Qurra' of modern times to have had an outsized impact on the Islamic world. He came to be called the Golden Throat and the Voice of Heaven due to his melodious style, breath control, and unique emotional and engaging tone. He has a son, Tareq Abd El Basit Abd El Samad, who is also a known sheikh in Egypt; he has done many interviews on his father's life, family and career.
The Tilawa is a recitation of the successive verses of the Qur'ān in a standardized and proven manner according to the rules of the ten recitations.
Mustafa Ismail was an Egyptian Quran reciter. The quadrumvirate of El Minshawy, Abdul Basit, Mustafa Ismail, and Al-Hussary, who belong to the famous and well-respected "Egyptian Reciting School", are generally considered the most important and famous Qurra' of modern times to have had an outsized impact on the Islamic world.
Mahmoud Khalil al-Hussary, also known as Al-Hussary, was an Egyptian Qari widely acclaimed for his accurate recitation of the Qur'an. Al-Hussary committed the entire Qur'an to memory by age 8 and started reciting at public gatherings by age 12. In 1944, Al-Hussary won Egypt Radio's Qu'ran Recitation competition which had around 200 participants, including veterans like Muhammad Rifat. The quadrumvirate of El Minshawy, Abdul Basit, Mustafa Ismail, and Al-Hussary, who belong to the famous and well-respected "Egyptian Reciting School", are generally considered the most important and famous Qurra' of modern times to have had an outsized impact on the Islamic world.
The Shahada, also transliterated as Shahadah, is an Islamic oath and creed, and one of the Five Pillars of Islam and part of the Adhan. It reads: "I bear witness that there is no god but God, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the messenger of God."
Bratati Bandopadhay or Bratati Banerjee is a Bengali language elocutionist. She is the founder head of Kabyayan, an institution for practising elocution and Bratati Parampara, an organization that works on elocution and other forms of performing arts. She recites works of old and contemporary Bengali poets like Rabindranath Tagore, Nazrul Islam, Sukumar Ray and Shankha Ghosh to name a few.
Martin Nystrand is an American composition and education theorist. He is Louise Durham Mead Professor Emeritus in the Department of English at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and Professor Emeritus of Education at the Wisconsin Center for Education Research.
Jamia Arifia is an Islamic educational institute in Saiyed Sarawan.
According to Islamic tradition, the Quran was revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad by the angel Gabriel in sevenahruf, translated variously as "editions", "styles", "ways", "forms" and "modes". Although Muslim scholars differ on their exact nature, it is thought they constituted a degree of acceptable variation in the Quranic text. The standardisation of the Quranic rasmc. 650 CE and destruction of the mushafs by Rashidun caliph Uthman the extent to which the Uthmanic codex contains the seven ahruf has been a subject of debate. The ahruf are distinct from the ten qira'at, which are other variant readings of the Quran that were canonized later on and are still in use.
Iqro is a textbook used in Indonesia and Malaysia for learning Arabic letters and pronunciation. It was originally published in early 1990s, authored by As'ad Humam and a team known as "Team Tadarus AMM". Iqro is a stepping-stone for reading the Quran in its original Arabic, given that these countries do not use Arabic outside religious contexts.
Shahzada Husain Burhanuddin, also known as Husain Mufaddal Saifuddin, is the third and youngest son of Mufaddal Saifuddin, the current incumbent of the office of the 53rd Da'i al-Mutlaq. He is a Qāriʾ and an honorary member of Naqabāt Qurrāʾ al-Quran in Cairo. Burhanuddin is a provost of Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah and heads Mahad al-Zahra, through which he has been instrumental in the realization of his grand father Mohammed Burhanuddin's vision for Dawoodi Bohra community to seek enlightenment through Quranic values. He also administers a number of socio-economic institutions run by Dawoodi Bohra community. Burhanuddin is a recipient of All India Council for Human Rights' Ambassador for Peace Award.
