Reeves County Detention Complex is a privately operated immigration detention facility, located about 3 miles southwest of Pecos in Reeves County, Texas. It was opened in 1986 to relieve overcrowding of contract federal inmates within the county jails, and housed federal inmates from 1988 through 2006 through intergovernmental agreements with the Federal Bureau of Prisons. [1]
The complex is operated by the GEO Group. With a combined capacity of 3,763 prisoners in its three sub-complexes, [2] it has been called the largest private prison in the world. [3] The GEO Group houses prisoners at this facility under contract with the U.S. Federal Bureau of Prisons and the Arizona Department of Corrections. Most prisoners at the complex are low-security criminal aliens, serving sentences of one to five years for drug offenses or immigration violations. They face deportation when released. [4]
Two significant riots (on December 12 through 13 of 2008, and January 31 through February 5, 2009) were apparently sparked by prisoner protests of over substandard medical care and other issues. Between August 2008 and March 2009 five men died in the complex, most notably Jesus Manuel Galindo, an epileptic Mexican citizen who was denied treatment in 2008, despite his repeated pleas for assistance. [5] These riots, especially because of a widespread fire in the second one, resulted in total damages of more than $21 million to the prison facilities. [6]
The medical provider which was contracted for provide services at the facility was Physicians Network Associates (PNA). On May 16, 2017, Texas Democratic state Senator Carlos Uresti was indicted by a federal grand jury in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas for conspiracy to commit bribery and conspiracy to commit money laundering. [7] Uresti is alleged to have originally taken money at first from PNA, which was awarded the contract, and that the scheme continued through PNA's successor companies. The indictment claims acting Reeves County administrator, Judge Jimmy Galindo, who was not related to the deceased detainee, conspired With Uresti to approve the medical contract through the county commissioners court in exchange for kickbacks and "promises of future payments." PNA hired Uresti, ostensibly as a "consultant" for "marketing services," but the prosecution claims in fact Uresti became the middleman for bribe money destined for Galindo. PNA was subsequently absorbed by Correctional Healthcare Companies in 2010, which then merged with Correct Care Solutions, in 2014. PNA and its successor corporations continued to pay Uresti $10,000 monthly, starting in September 2006, through the next decade. Uresti is alleged to have split those bribes with Galindo. [8] The bribery case was scheduled to be tried on January 4, 2018. [9]
In May 2013, Mother Jones magazine ranked the complex as one of the ten worst prisons in the United States, citing the high number of prisoners in long-term isolation units. [10]
In August 2016, US Justice Department officials announced that the Bureau of Prisons (BOP) would be phasing out its use of all contracted facilities, on the grounds that private prisons provided less safe and less effective services with no substantial cost savings. At the time, the agency expected to allow current contracts on its thirteen remaining private facilities to expire. [11]
The American Correctional Association is a private, non-profit, non-governmental trade association and accrediting body for the corrections industry, the oldest and largest such association in the world. The organization was founded in 1870 and has a significant place in the history of prison reform in the U.S.
A private prison, or for-profit prison, is a place where people are imprisoned by a third party that is contracted by a government agency. Private prison companies typically enter into contractual agreements with governments that commit prisoners and then pay a per diem or monthly rate, either for each prisoner in the facility, or for each place available, whether occupied or not. Such contracts may be for the operation only of a facility, or for design, construction and operation.
The Mississippi Department of Corrections (MDOC) is a state agency of Mississippi that operates prisons. It has its headquarters in Jackson. In March 2017, Pelicia E. Hall was appointed by Governor Phil Bryant as Commissioner; she is the first woman to hold this position. An attorney, she has extensive criminal justice and private law experience.
CoreCivic, formerly the Corrections Corporation of America (CCA), is a company that owns and manages private prisons and detention centers and operates others on a concession basis. Co-founded in 1983 in Nashville, Tennessee by Thomas W. Beasley, Robert Crants, and T. Don Hutto, it received investments from the Tennessee Valley Authority, Vanderbilt University, and Jack C. Massey, the founder of Hospital Corporation of America.
The Metropolitan Correctional Center, New York is a United States federal administrative detention facility in the Civic Center of Lower Manhattan, New York City, located on Park Row behind the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse at Foley Square. It is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, a division of the United States Department of Justice.
Carlos "Charlie" Uresti is an American attorney and Democratic politician from San Antonio, Texas. From November 2006 until his resignation in June 2018, he served as a member of the Texas State Senate representing Senate District 19, one of the largest geographical senatorial districts in the Texas Senate, covering a third of the Texas-Mexico Border. Prior to his election to the Texas State Senate, he represented the 118th district in the Texas House of Representatives from January 1997 until November 2006.
The GEO Group, Inc. (GEO), headquartered in Boca Raton, Florida, is a publicly traded real estate investment trust that invests in private prisons and mental health facilities in North America, Australia, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. The company's facilities include illegal immigration detention centers, minimum security detention centers, and mental-health and residential-treatment facilities. It also operates government-owned facilities pursuant to management contracts. As of December 31, 2019, the company managed and/or owned 95,000 beds at 129 facilities and provided community supervision services for more than 210,000 offenders and pretrial defendants.
Two Rivers Regional Detention Facility, now known as the Rocky Mountain Regional Detention Facility, is a privately owned, government-operated detention facility located in Hardin, Montana, which was first proposed as economic development in 2004, and was completed in the summer of 2007. It first held prisoners in 2014, substantially under capacity, until it was closed in 2016. Two Rivers Authority concluded a lease arrangement with the Bureau of Indian Affairs in December 2018; the BIA took possession and began operations in April 2019.
The Metropolitan Correctional Center, San Diego is a United States federal administrative detention facility in California which holds male and female prisoners of all security levels. It is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, a division of the United States Department of Justice.
Management & Training Corporation or MTC is a contractor that manages private prisons and United States Job Corps centers, based in Centerville, Utah. MTC's core businesses are corrections, education and training, MTC medical, and economic & social development. MTC operates 24 correctional facilities in eight states. MTC also operates or partners in operating 22 of the 119 Job Corps centers across the country. They also operate in Great Britain, under the name MTCNovo.
Tallahatchie County Correctional Facility (TCCF) is a private prison for men, authorized by the Tallahatchie County Correctional Authority and operated by CoreCivic, formerly the Corrections Corporation of America on behalf of the Mississippi Department of Corrections. The maximum-security facility is located in unincorporated Tallahatchie County, Mississippi, near Tutwiler in the Mississippi Delta. Since its opening with 352 prisoners, the prison has expanded capacity nearly ninefold, holding 2672 inmates by October 2008. It has housed inmates from Wisconsin, Colorado, Hawaii, Wyoming, Vermont, and California, in addition to prisoners from Louisiana and Mississippi. In 2010 the facility served as a county jail and also housed more than 1,000 prisoners from California. Since 2013, it has not held Mississippi state prisoners.
The Walnut Grove Correctional Facility, formerly the Walnut Grove Youth Correctional Facility (WGYCF), was operated as a for-profit state-owned prison in Walnut Grove, Mississippi from 1996 to 2016. Constructed beginning in 1990, it was expanded in 2001 and later, holding male youth offenders. It had an eventual capacity of 1,469 prisoners, making it the largest juvenile facility in the country. Contracts for the facility's operations and services were among those investigated by the FBI in its lengthy investigation of state corruption known as Operation Mississippi Hustle.
Community Education Centers abbreviated CEC was a private for-profit prison company based in West Caldwell, New Jersey and active in seventeen American states and in Bermuda.
Cibola County Correctional Center is a privately owned minimum-security prison, located at 2000 Cibola Loop in Milan, Cibola County, New Mexico.
Christopher B. Epps is a former commissioner of the Mississippi Department of Corrections (MDOC) and career employee in the state criminal justice system; he started his career as a teacher. Appointed as Commissioner in 2002 and serving until 2014, he served under three governors and was the agency's longest-serving commissioner in the state. Epps came up within the department as a 32-year career employee.
Wellpath, formerly known as Correct Care Solutions is a healthcare company based in Nashville, Tennessee, U.S. and "one of the nation’s largest for-profit healthcare providers for prisoners." The company was founded in 2003 by Jerry Boyle. Currently, Wellpath is owned by private equity firm H.I.G. Capital and was formerly co-owned by Audax Group and Frazier Healthcare Partners. Wellpath's facilities exist in both the United States and Australia. Currently, there are 550 centers in 36 states. Their facilities treat around 300,000 patients per day. It operates the Florida Civil Commitment Center in Arcadia, Florida.
The Val Verde Correctional Facility is a privately owned and operated prison, located in Del Rio, Val Verde County, Texas, operated by the GEO Group under contract with the county of Val Verde. The county, in turn, contracts with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, United States Marshals Service, and the U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
Operation Mississippi Hustle is an ongoing federal investigation initiated by 2014 by the United States Attorney and prosecuted in the United States Court for the Southern District of Mississippi. It examines the relationship between officials of the Mississippi Department of Corrections and various for-profit prison contractors and subcontractors, who have provided services to the five private prisons in the state. One has since been closed in September 2016.
Marshall County Correctional Center (MCCF) is a for-profit prison in Holly Springs, Marshall County, Mississippi, managed by Management and Training Corporation (MTC) on behalf of the Mississippi Department of Corrections.
Cecil McCrory is a former Mississippi state legislator, justice court judge, Rankin County school board president and businessman. His indictment was made public in November 2014 for corruption related to his dealings with prison industry contractors. It was later revealed that he had become an informant in the investigation, along with his partner in crime, ex-Commissioner of Corrections in Mississippi, Chris Epps. Epps was sentenced to 235 months and McCrory to 102 months in federal prison. Both men were fined and ordered to pay restitution. McCrory is being held at the Federal Correctional Institution, Talladega, Alabama, with a scheduled release date of April 24, 2025.
Coordinates: 31°23′43″N103°32′18″W / 31.39521°N 103.53845°W