Ring forming reaction

A ring forming reaction or ring-closing reaction in organic chemistry is an umbrella term for a variety of reactions that introduce one or more rings into a molecule. A heterocycle forming reaction is a reaction that introduces a new heterocycle. ^{[1] [2]} Important classes of ring forming reactions include annulations ^[3] and cycloadditions. Heterocyclic compounds are useful in spectroscopic identification of compounds, purity criteria, and investigating the molecular electronic structures. ^[4]

Named ring forming reactions

Named ring forming reactions include (not exhaustive):

• Azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition
• Bischler–Napieralski reaction
• Bucherer carbazole synthesis
• Danheiser annulation
• Dieckmann condensation
• Diels–Alder reaction
• Feist–Benary synthesis
• Fiesselmann thiophene synthesis
• Fischer indole synthesis
• Gewald reaction
• Hantzsch pyridine synthesis
• Larock indole synthesis
• Paal–Knorr synthesis
• Pictet–Spengler reaction
• Pomeranz–Fritsch reaction
• Ring-closing metathesis
• Robinson annulation
• Skraup reaction

See also

• Ring-closing reactions in Cyclic compound

References

1. IUPAC , Compendium of Chemical Terminology , 5th ed. (the "Gold Book") (2025). Online version: (1995) " Heterocyclic compounds ". doi : 10.1351/goldbook.H02798
2. Katritzky, A. R.; Pozharskii, A. F. (2000). Handbook of Heterocyclic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Academic Press. ISBN   0080429882.
3. IUPAC , Compendium of Chemical Terminology , 5th ed. (the "Gold Book") (2025). Online version: (2006–) " annulation ". doi : 10.1351/goldbook.A00367
4. "Heterocyclic compound - Melting, Boiling, Points | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2024-09-02. Retrieved 2024-10-05.

Further reading

• Michael B. Smith & Jerry March, 2007, "March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure," 6th Ed., New York, NY, USA:Wiley & Sons, ISBN   0470084944, see , accessed 19 June 2015.
• László Kürti & Barbara Czakó, 2005, "Strategic Applications of Named Reactions in Organic Synthesis: Background and Detailed Mechanisms, Amsterdam, NH, NLD:Elsevier Academic Press, 2005ISBN 0124297854, see , accessed 19 June 2015.