 | This article possibly contains original research .(January 2014) |
Ring size is a measurement used to denote the circumference (or sometimes the diameter) of jewellery rings and smart rings.
| This article possibly contains original research .(January 2014) |
Ring size is a measurement used to denote the circumference (or sometimes the diameter) of jewellery rings and smart rings.
Ring sizes can be measured physically by a paper, plastic, or metal ring sizer (as a gauge) or by measuring the inner diameter of a ring that already fits.
Ring sticks are tools used to measure the inner size of a ring, and are typically made from plastic, delrin, wood, aluminium, or of multiple materials. Digital ring sticks can be used for highly accurate measurements.
ISO 8653:2016 defines standard ring sizes in terms of the inner circumference of the ring measured in millimetres. [1] ISO sizes are used in Austria, France, Belgium, Scandinavia (Norway, [2] Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland), and other countries in Continental Europe. [3] [4] This international standard specifies a method to measure the ring-size using a ring stick (also called a mandrel or triblet) with defined characteristics, which is used during manufacturing steps, and specifies the designation of the ring-size.
For jeweller-consumer relationships, the finger size is measured with a finger gauge set made up of a ring for each size with the same diameter and tolerance as the ring stick ones. The sizes are in millimeters and correspond directly to the outer circumference of the ring stick to the inner circumference of the finger gauge.
| ISO size (internal ring circumference, mm) | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internal diameter (mm) | 15.6 | 15.9 | 16.2 | 16.6 | 16.9 | 17.2 | 17.5 | 17.8 | 18.1 | 18.5 | 18.8 | 19.1 | 19.4 | 19.7 | 20.1 | 20.4 | 20.7 | 21 | 21.3 | 21.6 | 22 | 22.3 | 22.6 | 22.9 |
Other ring size measurement systems are used in areas that do not use ISO 8653:2016.
In the United States, Canada, and Mexico, ring sizes are specified using a numerical scale with 1⁄4 steps, where whole sizes differ by 0.032 inches (0.81 mm) of internal diameter, equivalent to 0.1005 inches (2.55 mm) of internal circumference. The relationship of this size () to ISO 8653:2016 circumference () is , while the relationship to ISO 8653:2016 diameter () is .
The Circular of the Bureau of Standards [5] summarizes the situation with this system: "While there apparently is only one standard in use in the United States, in reality, because of the lack of specific dimensions and because of the errors introduced by the adoption of a common commercial article as a pattern, there are many, although similar, standards." The standards are generally consistent and remain so. There does not appear to have been any improvement in the standard since then.
In Ireland, the United Kingdom and Australia, ring sizes are specified using an alphabetical scale with half sizes. Originally in 1945, the divisions were based on the ring inside diameter in steps of 1⁄64 inch (0.40 mm). [6] However, in 1987 BSI updated the standard to the metric system so that one alphabetical size division equals 1.25 mm of circumferential length. For a baseline, ring size C has a circumference of 40 mm. [7]
In India, Japan and China, ring sizes are specified using a numerical scale with whole sizes that does not have a linear correlation with diameter or circumference.
Netherlands, Germany, and sometimes Argentina use a standard (referred to as the German System [8] [9] ) where ring sizes are defined by the diameter of the ring, measured in mm. [10] [11] This system may also be used at times in Russia. [12]
In Italy, Spain, and Switzerland, ring sizes are specified as the circumference minus 40 mm: for example, size 10 in this system is equivalent to ISO 8653:2016 size 50. [13] This may also be referred to as the Swiss Ring Size System. [14]
In Russia, ring sizes are equal to the inner diameter rounded to whole and half numbers, sometimes to quarters, for example diameter 16.92 mm is equal to size 17, 16.1 mm is equal to size 16.
| Inside diameter | Inside circumference | Sizes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (in) | (mm) | (in) | (mm) ISO (Continental Europe) | United States, Canada and Mexico | United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand | East Asia (China, Japan, South Korea), South America | India | Italy, Spain, Netherlands, Switzerland |
| 0.458 | 11.63 | 1.44 | 36.5 | 0 | ||||
| 0.466 | 11.84 | 1.46 | 37.2 | 1⁄4 | ||||
| 0.474 | 12.04 | 1.49 | 37.8 | 1⁄2 | A | |||
| 0.482 | 12.24 | 1.51 | 38.5 | 3⁄4 | A+1⁄2 | |||
| 0.49 | 12.45 | 1.54 | 39.1 | 1 | B | 1 | ||
| 0.498 | 12.65 | 1.56 | 39.7 | 1+1⁄4 | B+1⁄2 | |||
| 0.506 | 12.85 | 1.59 | 40.4 | 1+1⁄2 | C | 0.4 | ||
| 0.514 | 13.06 | 1.61 | 41.0 | 1+3⁄4 | C+1⁄2 | 1 | 1 | |
| 0.522 | 13.26 | 1.64 | 41.7 | 2 | D | 2 | 2 | 1.7 |
| 0.53 | 13.46 | 1.67 | 42.3 | 2+1⁄4 | D+1⁄2 | 2.3 | ||
| 0.538 | 13.67 | 1.69 | 42.9 | 2+1⁄2 | E | 3 | 3 | 2.9 |
| 0.546 | 13.87 | 1.72 | 43.6 | 2+3⁄4 | E+1⁄2 | 4 | 3.6 | |
| 0.554 | 14.07 | 1.74 | 44.2 | 3 | F | 4 | 4.2 | |
| 0.562 | 14.27 | 1.77 | 44.8 | 3+1⁄4 | F+1⁄2 | 5 | 5 | 4.8 |
| 0.57 | 14.48 | 1.79 | 45.5 | 3+1⁄2 | G | 5.5 | ||
| 0.578 | 14.68 | 1.82 | 46.1 | 3+3⁄4 | G+1⁄2 | 6 | 6 | 6.1 |
| 0.586 | 14.88 | 1.84 | 46.8 | 4 | H | 7 | 6.8 | |
| 0.594 | 15.09 | 1.87 | 47.4 | 4+1⁄4 | H+1⁄2 | 7 | 7.4 | |
| 0.602 | 15.29 | 1.89 | 48.0 | 4+1⁄2 | I | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| 0.61 | 15.49 | 1.92 | 48.7 | 4+3⁄4 | J | 9 | 8.7 | |
| 0.618 | 15.70 | 1.94 | 49.3 | 5 | J+1⁄2 | 9 | 9.3 | |
| 0.626 | 15.90 | 1.97 | 50.0 | 5+1⁄4 | K | 10 | 10 | |
| 0.634 | 16.10 | 1.99 | 50.6 | 5+1⁄2 | K+1⁄2 | 10 | 10.6 | |
| 0.642 | 16.31 | 2.02 | 51.2 | 5+3⁄4 | L | 11 | 11.2 | |
| 0.65 | 16.51 | 2.04 | 51.9 | 6 | L+1⁄2 | 11 | 12 | 11.9 |
| 0.658 | 16.71 | 2.07 | 52.5 | 6+1⁄4 | M | 12 | 12.5 | |
| 0.666 | 16.92 | 2.09 | 53.1 | 6+1⁄2 | M+1⁄2 | 13 | 13 | 13.1 |
| 0.674 | 17.12 | 2.12 | 53.8 | 6+3⁄4 | N | 13.8 | ||
| 0.682 | 17.32 | 2.14 | 54.4 | 7 | N+1⁄2 | 14 | 14 | 14.4 |
| 0.69 | 17.53 | 2.17 | 55.1 | 7+1⁄4 | O | 15 | 15.1 | |
| 0.698 | 17.73 | 2.19 | 55.7 | 7+1⁄2 | O+1⁄2 | 15 | 15.7 | |
| 0.706 | 17.93 | 2.22 | 56.3 | 7+3⁄4 | P | 16 | 16.3 | |
| 0.714 | 18.14 | 2.24 | 57.0 | 8 | P+1⁄2 | 16 | 17 | 17 |
| 0.722 | 18.34 | 2.27 | 57.6 | 8+1⁄4 | P+3⁄4 | 17.6 | ||
| 0.73 | 18.54 | 2.29 | 58.3 | 8+1⁄2 | Q+1⁄4 | 17 | 18 | 18.3 |
| 0.738 | 18.75 | 2.32 | 58.9 | 8+3⁄4 | R | 19 | 18.9 | |
| 0.746 | 18.95 | 2.34 | 59.5 | 9 | R+1⁄2 | 18 | 19.5 | |
| 0.754 | 19.15 | 2.37 | 60.2 | 9+1⁄4 | S | 20 | 20.2 | |
| 0.762 | 19.35 | 2.39 | 60.8 | 9+1⁄2 | S+1⁄2 | 19 | 21 | 20.8 |
| 0.77 | 19.56 | 2.42 | 61.4 | 9+3⁄4 | T | 21.4 | ||
| 0.778 | 19.76 | 2.44 | 62.1 | 10 | T+1⁄2 | 20 | 22 | 22.1 |
| 0.786 | 19.96 | 2.47 | 62.7 | 10+1⁄4 | U | 21 | 23 | 22.7 |
| 0.794 | 20.17 | 2.49 | 63.4 | 10+1⁄2 | U+1⁄2 | 22 | 23.4 | |
| 0.802 | 20.37 | 2.52 | 64.0 | 10+3⁄4 | V | 24 | 24 | |
| 0.81 | 20.57 | 2.54 | 64.6 | 11 | V+1⁄2 | 23 | 25 | 24.6 |
| 0.818 | 20.78 | 2.57 | 65.3 | 11+1⁄4 | W | 25.3 | ||
| 0.826 | 20.98 | 2.59 | 65.9 | 11+1⁄2 | W+1⁄2 | 24 | 26 | 25.9 |
| 0.834 | 21.18 | 2.62 | 66.6 | 11+3⁄4 | X | 26.6 | ||
| 0.842 | 21.39 | 2.65 | 67.2 | 12 | X+1⁄2 | 25 | 27 | 27.2 |
| 0.85 | 21.59 | 2.67 | 67.8 | 12+1⁄4 | Y | 28 | 27.8 | |
| 0.858 | 21.79 | 2.70 | 68.5 | 12+1⁄2 | Y+1⁄2 | 26 | 28.5 | |
| 0.866 | 22.00 | 2.72 | 69.1 | 12+3⁄4 | Z | 29 | 29.1 | |
| 0.874 | 22.20 | 2.75 | 69.7 | 13 | Z+1⁄2 | 27 | 30 | 29.7 |
| 0.882 | 22.40 | 2.77 | 70.4 | 13+1⁄4 | Z1 | 30.4 | ||
| 0.89 | 22.61 | 2.80 | 71.0 | 13+1⁄2 | 31 | 31 | ||
| 0.898 | 22.81 | 2.82 | 71.7 | 13+3⁄4 | Z2 | 32 | 31.7 | |
| 0.906 | 23.01 | 2.85 | 72.3 | 14 | Z3 | 32.3 | ||
| 0.914 | 23.22 | 2.87 | 72.9 | 14+1⁄4 | 33 | 32.9 | ||
| 0.922 | 23.42 | 2.90 | 73.6 | 14+1⁄2 | Z4 | 33.6 | ||
| 0.93 | 23.62 | 2.92 | 74.2 | 14+3⁄4 | 34 | 34.2 | ||
| 0.938 | 23.83 | 2.95 | 74.8 | 15 | 35 | 34.8 | ||
| 0.946 | 24.03 | 2.97 | 75.5 | 15+1⁄4 | 35.5 | |||
| 0.954 | 24.23 | 3.00 | 76.1 | 15+1⁄2 | 36 | 36.1 | ||
| 0.962 | 24.43 | 3.02 | 76.8 | 15+3⁄4 | 36.8 | |||
| 0.97 | 24.64 | 3.05 | 77.4 | 16 | 37 | 37.4 | ||
Most rings can be resized; the method of doing so depends on the complexity of the ring and its material. Rings of soft material may be enlarged using mechanical stretching. For example, the ring may be enlarged using a rolling mill, a steel ring mandrel, or a Schwann Ring Stretcher. [16]
In some cases, the ring may need to be cut open and material either added or removed before fusing the ring together again. The ring may be slightly heated to reveal any solder line so the jeweler can open the ring on the same seam so as to minimize the total number of solder joins on the ring. [17]
Small metal beads called sizing beads can be added to the inner circumference of a ring to:
Sizing beads are typically made of the same metal as the rest of the ring since it is easier to solder two similar metals.
ISO 216 is an international standard for paper sizes, used around the world except in North America and parts of Latin America. The standard defines the "A", "B" and "C" series of paper sizes, which includes the A4, the most commonly available paper size worldwide. Two supplementary standards, ISO 217 and ISO 269, define related paper sizes; the ISO 269 "C" series is commonly listed alongside the A and B sizes.
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In multimode fiber optics, mandrel wrapping is a technique used to preferentially attenuate high-order mode power of a propagating optical signal. Consequently, if the fibre is propagating substantial energy in affected modes, the modal distribution will be changed.
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The wheel size for a motor vehicle or similar wheel has a number of parameters.
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The Vickers hardness test was developed in 1921 by Robert L. Smith and George E. Sandland at Vickers Ltd as an alternative to the Brinell method to measure the hardness of materials. The Vickers test is often easier to use than other hardness tests since the required calculations are independent of the size of the indenter, and the indenter can be used for all materials irrespective of hardness. The basic principle, as with all common measures of hardness, is to observe a material's ability to resist plastic deformation from a standard source. The Vickers test can be used for all metals and has one of the widest scales among hardness tests. The unit of hardness given by the test is known as the Vickers Pyramid Number (HV) or Diamond Pyramid Hardness (DPH). The hardness number can be converted into units of pascals, but should not be confused with pressure, which uses the same units. The hardness number is determined by the load over the surface area of the indentation and not the area normal to the force, and is therefore not pressure.
A bore gauge is a collective term for the tools that are unique to the process of accurately measuring holes.
ISO 5775 is an international standard for labeling the size of bicycle tires and rims. The system used was originally developed by the European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation (ETRTO). It is designed to make tire sizing consistent and clear. It replaces overlapping informal systems that ambiguously distinguished between sizes. For example, at least 6 different "26 inch" sizes exist, and "27 inch" wheels have a larger diameter than American "28 inch" wheels. The Japanese Industrial Standards Committee also cooperates with ISO 5775. The corresponding Japanese standards are JIS D 9112 for tires and JIS D 9421 for rims.
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a North American set of standard sizes for pipes used for high or low pressures and temperatures. "Nominal" refers to pipe in non-specific terms and identifies the diameter of the hole with a non-dimensional number. Specific pipe is identified by pipe diameter and another non-dimensional number for wall thickness referred to as the Schedule. NPS is often incorrectly called National Pipe Size, due to confusion with the American standard for pipe threads, "national pipe straight", which also abbreviates as "NPS". The European and international designation equivalent to NPS is DN, in which sizes are measured in millimetres, see ISO 6708. The term NB is also frequently used interchangeably with DN.
British Standard Pipe (BSP) is a set of technical standards for screw threads that has been adopted internationally for interconnecting and sealing pipes and fittings by mating an external (male) thread with an internal (female) thread. It has been adopted as standard in plumbing and pipe fitting, except in North America, where NPT and related threads are used.
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