Ripple effect

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A diagram of the Ripple effect illustrating how the "Weinstein Scandal" led all the way to the rise of the Me Too movement. Ripple effect.png
A diagram of the Ripple effect illustrating how the "Weinstein Scandal" led all the way to the rise of the Me Too movement.

A ripple effect occurs when an initial disturbance to a system propagates outward to disturb an increasingly larger portion of the system, like ripples expanding across the water when an object is dropped into it.

Contents

The ripple effect is often used colloquially to mean a multiplier in macroeconomics. For example, an individual's reduction in spending reduces the incomes of others and their ability to spend. [1] In a broader global context, research has shown how monetary policy decisions, especially by major economies like the US, can create ripple effects impacting economies worldwide, emphasizing the interconnectedness of today's global economy. [2]

In sociology, the ripple effect can be observed in how social interactions can affect situations not directly related to the initial interaction, [3] [ page needed ] and in charitable activities where information can be disseminated and passed from the community to broaden its impact. [4]

The concept has been applied in computer science within the field of software metrics as a complexity measure. [5]

Examples

The Weinstein effect and the rise of the Me Too movement

In October 2017, according to The New York Times [6] [ circular reference ] [7] and The New Yorker , [8] dozens of women have accused American film producer Harvey Weinstein, former founder of Miramax Films and The Weinstein Company, of rape, sexual assault and sexual abuse for over a period of three decades. Shortly after over eighty accusations, Harvey was dismissed from his own company, expelled from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and other professional associations, and even retired from public view. The allegations against him resulted in a special case of ripple effect, now called the Weinstein effect. This means a global trend involving a serial number of sexual misconduct allegations towards other famous men in Hollywood, such as Louis CK and Kevin Spacey. [9] The effect led to the formation of the controversial Me Too movement, where people share their experiences of sexual harassment/assault. [10] [11]

Corporate social responsibility

The effects of one company's decision to adopt a corporate social responsibility (CSR) programme on the attitudes and behaviours of rival companies has been likened to a ripple effect. Research by an international team in 2018 found that in many cases, one company's CSR initiative was seen as a competitive threat to other businesses in the same market, resulting in the adoption of further CSR initiatives. [12]

See also

Related Research Articles

Sexual misconduct is misconduct of a sexual nature which exists on a spectrum that may include a broad range of sexual behaviors considered unwelcome. This includes conduct considered inappropriate on an individual or societal basis of morality, sexual harassment and/or criminal sexual assault.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ronan Farrow</span> American journalist (born 1987)

Satchel Ronan O'Sullivan Farrow is an American journalist. The son of actress Mia Farrow and filmmaker Woody Allen, he is known for his investigative reporting on sexual abuse allegations against film producer Harvey Weinstein, which was published in The New Yorker magazine. The magazine won the 2018 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service for this reporting, sharing the award with The New York Times. Farrow has worked for UNICEF and as a government advisor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Producers Guild of America</span> Trade association in the United States

The Producers Guild of America (PGA) is a 501(c)(6) trade association representing the interests television producers, film producers and emerging media producers in the United States. The PGA's membership includes over 8,400 members of the producing establishment worldwide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Harvey Weinstein</span> American film producer and sex offender (born 1952)

Harvey Weinstein is an American former film producer and convicted sex offender. In 1979, Weinstein and his brother, Bob Weinstein, co-founded the entertainment company Miramax, which produced several successful independent films including Sex, Lies, and Videotape (1989); The Crying Game (1992); Pulp Fiction (1994); Heavenly Creatures (1994); Flirting with Disaster (1996); and Shakespeare in Love (1998). Weinstein won an Academy Award for producing Shakespeare in Love and also won seven Tony Awards for plays and musicals including The Producers, Billy Elliot the Musical, and August: Osage County. After leaving Miramax, Weinstein and his brother Bob founded The Weinstein Company (TWC), a mini-major film studio. He was co-chairman, alongside Bob, from 2005 to 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lisa Bloom</span> American lawyer (born 1961)

Lisa Read Bloom is an American attorney known for advising Harvey Weinstein amid various sexual abuse allegations, and for representing women whose sexual harassment claims precipitated the firing of Bill O'Reilly from Fox News.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emma de Caunes</span> French actress (born 1976)

Emma de Caunes is a French actress.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jodi Kantor</span> American journalist (born 1975)

Jodi Kantor is an American journalist. She is a New York Times correspondent whose work has covered the workplace, technology, and gender. She has been the paper's Arts & Leisure editor and covered two presidential campaigns, chronicling the transformation of Barack and Michelle Obama into the President and First Lady of the United States. Kantor was a recipient of the Pulitzer Prize in 2018 for her reporting on sexual abuse by Harvey Weinstein.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse cases</span> Criminal and civil cases since 2017

In October 2017, The New York Times and The New Yorker reported that dozens of women had accused the American film producer Harvey Weinstein of rape, sexual assault and sexual abuse over a period of at least 30 years. Over 80 women in the film industry eventually accused Weinstein of such acts. Weinstein himself denied "any non-consensual sex". Shortly after, he was dismissed from The Weinstein Company (TWC), expelled from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and other professional associations, and retired from public view.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MeToo movement</span> Social movement against sexual abuse and harassment

#MeToo is a social movement and awareness campaign against sexual abuse, sexual harassment and rape culture, in which people publicize their experiences of sexual abuse or sexual harassment. The phrase "Me Too" was initially used in this context on social media in 2006, on Myspace, by sexual assault survivor and activist Tarana Burke. The hashtag #MeToo was used starting in 2017 as a way to draw attention to the magnitude of the problem. "Me Too" is meant to empower those who have been sexually assaulted through empathy, solidarity and strength in numbers, by visibly demonstrating how many have experienced sexual assault and harassment, especially in the workplace.

The Weinstein effect is a phenomenon in which sexual harassment allegations of powerful figures get disclosed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Time's Up (organization)</span> Advocacy group against sexual harassment

Time's Up was a non-profit organization that raised money to support victims of sexual harassment. The organization was founded on January 1, 2018, by Hollywood celebrities in response to the Weinstein effect and the Me Too movement. As of January 2020, the organization had raised $24 million in donations.

Ambra Battilana Gutierrez is an Italian model who was a finalist for Miss Italy, and has been featured in GQ Italy. She was formerly Miss Piedmont. She was widely covered by American media for her part in exposing sexual abuse allegations against Harvey Weinstein.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Debra Katz</span> American civil rights and employment lawyer

Debra S. Katz is an American civil rights and employment lawyer and a founding partner of Katz Banks Kumin in Washington, D.C. She is best known for representing alleged victims of sexual assault and sexual harassment, notably Christine Blasey Ford, Charlotte Bennett, Vanessa Tyson, Chloe Caras, and accusers of Congressmen Pat Meehan and Eric Massa, and whistleblowers facing retaliation, including most recently Dr. Rick Bright. Katz's primary practice areas at her firm are employment and whistleblower law, where she represents victims of workplace discrimination and retaliation.

A whisper network is an informal chain of information passed privately between people, typically women. It consists of gossip about people in a community alleged of being sexual harassers or abusers. The information is often shared between women by word of mouth or online in private communities, forums, spreadsheets, and crowd-sourced documents. The stated purpose of maintaining these lists is to warn potential victims of "people to avoid" in their industry. Whisper networks also purportedly help victims identify a common abuser and come forward together about a serial abuser.

There have been many reported cases and accusations of sexual abuse in the American film industry reported against people related to the medium of cinema of the United States.

Zoë Brock is a model and writer from New Zealand.

The Indian#MeToo movement began in late 2018 to manifest in areas of the Indian society including the government, the media, and the Bollywood film industry. In India, the Me Too movement is seen as either an independent outgrowth influenced by the international campaign against sexual harassment of women in the workplace, or an offshoot of the American "Me Too" social movement. Me Too began gaining prominence in India with the increasing popularity of the international movement, and later gathered sharp momentum in October 2018 in the entertainment industry of Bollywood, centered in Mumbai, when actress Tanushree Dutta accused Nana Patekar of sexual harassment. This led to many women in the news media, Indian films, and even within the government to speak out and bring allegations of sexual harassment against a number of perpetrators.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Douglas Wigdor</span> American lawyer

Douglas Holden Wigdor is a founding partner of the law firm Wigdor LLP, and works as a litigator in New York City, specializing in anti-discrimination law. Wigdor is best known for representing seven victims of alleged sexual abuse by Harvey Weinstein, the hotel maid in the Dominique Strauss-Kahn sexual assault case, over twenty employees at Fox News in sexual harassment and discrimination cases, and NFL coaches Brian Flores, Steve Wilks, and Ray Horton in a 2022 class action lawsuit against the National Football League alleging racist and discriminatory practices against Black coaches.

<i>She Said</i> (book) 2019 non-fiction book by Jodi Kantor and Megan Twohey

She Said: Breaking the Sexual Harassment Story That Helped Ignite a Movement is a 2019 nonfiction book written by Jodi Kantor and Megan Twohey, two New York Times investigative reporters who exposed Harvey Weinstein's history of abuse and sexual misconduct against women, a catalyst for the burgeoning MeToo movement. The book was published on September 10, 2019 by Penguin Press.

<i>Catch and Kill</i> 2019 Ronan Farrow book on media complicity in protecting sexual abusers

Catch and Kill: Lies, Spies, and a Conspiracy to Protect Predators is a 2019 book by the American journalist Ronan Farrow. He recounts the challenges he faced chasing the stories of Harvey Weinstein's decades of rape, sexual assault, and sexual abuse of women and the case against him. Farrow argues that Weinstein was able to use Black Cube, a private Israeli intelligence service, to successfully pressure executives at NBC News to kill the story there, leading him to take it to The New Yorker, where it was published and helped spark the international #MeToo movement exposing sexual abuse, mostly of women, in many industries.

References

  1. ↑ The Economic Ripple Effect Gone Awry.
  2. ↑ Thomas, Lina (2023). "US Monetary Policy Spillovers and Spillbacks". SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.4370886.
  3. ↑ Development sociology By Norman Long, Routledge ISBN   978-0-415-23536-5
  4. ↑ Experience needed to make VSO's 'ripple effect' work The Guardian 17 September 2004.
  5. ↑ Black, Sue (2001). "Computing ripple effect for software maintenance". Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice . 13 (4): 263–279. doi:10.1002/smr.233. ISSN   1532-060X.
  6. ↑ "Harvey Weinstein".
  7. ↑ Kantor, Jodi; Twohey, Megan (5 October 2017). "Harvey Weinstein Paid off Sexual Harassment Accusers for Decades". The New York Times.
  8. ↑ "From Aggressive Overtures to Sexual Assault: Harvey Weinstein's Accusers Tell Their Stories". The New Yorker . 10 October 2017.
  9. ↑ Rutenberg, Jim (23 October 2017). "A Long-Delayed Reckoning of the Cost of Silence on Abuse". The New York Times.
  10. ↑ "Powerful men confronted as "Weinstein Effect" goes global". CBS News . 14 November 2017.
  11. ↑ Worthen, Meredith (2017-12-21). "100 Powerful Men Accused of Sexual Misconduct in 2017". Biography.com . Archived from the original on 2017-12-28.
  12. ↑ Shuzhen, S., Corporate social responsibility programmes have ripple effects on other businesses, study says, Singapore Management University , published 3 September 2018, accessed 25 October 2023
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