Robin Allshire

Last updated

Robin Allshire
FRS FRSE
Robin 0373 BW2.jpg
Robin Allshire in 2019
Born
Robin Campbell Allshire

1960 (age 63–64)
Alma mater Trinity College Dublin (BSc)
University of Edinburgh (PhD)
Scientific career
Fields Epigenetics
Heterochromatin
Chromatin
Centromere
Kinetochore [1]
Institutions University of Edinburgh
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Thesis Construction and analysis of vectors based on bovine papilloma virus  (1985)
Doctoral advisor Chris Bostock
Edwin Southern [2]
Other academic advisors Nicholas Hastie
Website allshirelab.com

Robin Campbell Allshire (born 19 May 1960) FRS FRSE FMedSci [3] [4] [5] is Professor of Chromosome Biology [6] at University of Edinburgh and a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow. [7] [1] His research group at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology [8] focuses on the epigenetic mechanisms governing the assembly of specialised domains of chromatin and their transmission through cell division. [9]

Contents

Early life and education

Allshire grew up in the fishing village of Howth, Co Dublin 1960–1978.[ citation needed ] His parents were Arthur Gordon Allshire (1925-2012) who was a Pharmacist and Freda Margaret (née Schmutz; 1933–2014). [10] [11] He was awarded his Bachelor of Arts degree in Genetics by Trinity College Dublin, in 1981[ citation needed ] where he was motivated by the inspirational teaching of David McConnell and colleagues at the Dept of Genetics to undertake post-graduate studies. [12] He subsequently joined the Medical Research Council (MRC) Mammalian Genome Unit at the University of Edinburgh where he obtained his PhD in 1985 [2] under the guidance of Chris Bostock and Edwin Southern investigating the use of bovine papillomavirus as a chassis for mammalian artificial chromosome construction. [2]

Career and research

In 1985 Allshire joined Nicholas Hastie's research group at the MRC Human Genetics Unit, Edinburgh (formerly MRC Clinical and Population Cytogentics Unit) as a postdoctoral researcher where he discovered that mammalian telomeres are composed of simple repetitive sequences similar to those of unicellular eukaryotes [13] and that telomere length in blood cells shorten with age and are further eroded in cancerous cells. [14] This work resulted from following the fate of fission yeast ( Schizosaccharomyces pombe ) telomeres after introdroducing fission yeast chromosomes into mouse cell in collaboration with Peter Fantes. [15] In 1989 he took a position as an independent visiting scientist at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) for 18 months before joining the MRC Human Genetics Unit as a junior group leader. While at CSHL he decided to switch his focus to investigating chromosomal elements in the genetically tractable fission yeast. [16] At the MRC HGU, Edinburgh (1990 - 2002), and subsequently at the Wellome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh (2002–present), he discovered that genes are silenced when placed within fission yeast centromeres [17] [18] and telomeres, [19] and then utilised this gene silencing to gain fundamental insights into the processes of chromosome segregation, [20] [21] [22] and heterochromatin [23] [24] [25] [26] and kinetochore CENP-A chromatin [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] establishment [33] [34] and maintenance. [35] [36] [37] He is particularly interested in the epigenetic mechanisms that allow the persistence of specialised chromatin domains through multiple cell divisions and meiosis. [38] He has investigated how RNA interference (RNAi) mediates heterochromatin formation [39] [40] [41] and shown that splicing factors contribute to heterochromatin integrity via siRNA generation and RNAi. [42] [43] He has provided insight into how transcription and resulting non-coding RNA might influence the assembly of specialised CENP-A chromatin [44] [45] [46] [47] and demonstrated that some acts of lncRNA transcription are responsive to environmental stimuli and regulate neighbouring genes by transcriptional interference. [48] [49] Recently using fission yeast his team discovered an epigenetic mechanism that allows fungi to develop resistance to antifungal drugs without alterations to their DNA. [50] This finding is important for understanding how pathogenic fungi become resistant to the limited number of available antifungal agents in both clinical and agricultural arenas.

Awards and honours

Allshire was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2005, [51] a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2011 [4] and a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) in 2020. [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Centromere</span> Specialized DNA sequence of a chromosome that links a pair of sister chromatids

The centromere links a pair of sister chromatids together during cell division. This constricted region of chromosome connects the sister chromatids, creating a short arm (p) and a long arm (q) on the chromatids. During mitosis, spindle fibers attach to the centromere via the kinetochore.

Heterochromatin is a tightly packed form of DNA or condensed DNA, which comes in multiple varieties. These varieties lie on a continuum between the two extremes of constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin. Both play a role in the expression of genes. Because it is tightly packed, it was thought to be inaccessible to polymerases and therefore not transcribed; however, according to Volpe et al. (2002), and many other papers since, much of this DNA is in fact transcribed, but it is continuously turned over via RNA-induced transcriptional silencing (RITS). Recent studies with electron microscopy and OsO4 staining reveal that the dense packing is not due to the chromatin.

<i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i> Species of yeast

Schizosaccharomyces pombe, also called "fission yeast", is a species of yeast used in traditional brewing and as a model organism in molecular and cell biology. It is a unicellular eukaryote, whose cells are rod-shaped. Cells typically measure 3 to 4 micrometres in diameter and 7 to 14 micrometres in length. Its genome, which is approximately 14.1 million base pairs, is estimated to contain 4,970 protein-coding genes and at least 450 non-coding RNAs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kinetochore</span> Protein complex that allows microtubules to attach to chromosomes during cell division

A kinetochore is a disc-shaped protein structure associated with duplicated chromatids in eukaryotic cells where the spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull sister chromatids apart. The kinetochore assembles on the centromere and links the chromosome to microtubule polymers from the mitotic spindle during mitosis and meiosis. The term kinetochore was first used in a footnote in a 1934 Cytology book by Lester W. Sharp and commonly accepted in 1936. Sharp's footnote reads: "The convenient term kinetochore has been suggested to the author by J. A. Moore", likely referring to John Alexander Moore who had joined Columbia University as a freshman in 1932.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Constitutive heterochromatin</span>

Constitutive heterochromatin domains are regions of DNA found throughout the chromosomes of eukaryotes. The majority of constitutive heterochromatin is found at the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes, but is also found at the telomeres and throughout the chromosomes. In humans there is significantly more constitutive heterochromatin found on chromosomes 1, 9, 16, 19 and Y. Constitutive heterochromatin is composed mainly of high copy number tandem repeats known as satellite repeats, minisatellite and microsatellite repeats, and transposon repeats. In humans these regions account for about 200Mb or 6.5% of the total human genome, but their repeat composition makes them difficult to sequence, so only small regions have been sequenced.

Subtelomeres are segments of DNA between telomeric caps and chromatin.

The Ty5 is a type of retrotransposon native to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae organism.

The family of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) consists of highly conserved proteins, which have important functions in the cell nucleus. These functions include gene repression by heterochromatin formation, transcriptional activation, regulation of binding of cohesion complexes to centromeres, sequestration of genes to the nuclear periphery, transcriptional arrest, maintenance of heterochromatin integrity, gene repression at the single nucleosome level, gene repression by heterochromatization of euchromatin, and DNA repair. HP1 proteins are fundamental units of heterochromatin packaging that are enriched at the centromeres and telomeres of nearly all eukaryotic chromosomes with the notable exception of budding yeast, in which a yeast-specific silencing complex of SIR proteins serve a similar function. Members of the HP1 family are characterized by an N-terminal chromodomain and a C-terminal chromoshadow domain, separated by a hinge region. HP1 is also found at some euchromatic sites, where its binding can correlate with either gene repression or gene activation. HP1 was originally discovered by Tharappel C James and Sarah Elgin in 1986 as a factor in the phenomenon known as position effect variegation in Drosophila melanogaster.

RNA-induced transcriptional silencing (RITS) is a form of RNA interference by which short RNA molecules – such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) – trigger the downregulation of transcription of a particular gene or genomic region. This is usually accomplished by posttranslational modification of histone tails which target the genomic region for heterochromatin formation. The protein complex that binds to siRNAs and interacts with the methylated lysine 9 residue of histones H3 (H3K9me2) is the RITS complex.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aurora kinase B</span> Protein

Aurora kinase B is a protein that functions in the attachment of the mitotic spindle to the centromere.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Centromere protein B</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Centromere protein B also known as major centromere autoantigen B is an autoantigen protein of the cell nucleus. In humans, centromere protein B is encoded by the CENPB gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CENPA</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Centromere protein A, also known as CENPA, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CENPA gene. CENPA is a histone H3 variant which is the critical factor determining the kinetochore position(s) on each chromosome in most eukaryotes including humans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CENPC1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Centromere protein C 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CENPC1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CENPH</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Centromere protein H is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CENPH gene. It is involved in the assembly of kinetochore proteins, mitotic progression and chromosome segregation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Telomeric repeat–containing RNA</span> Long non-coding RNA transcribed from telomeres

Telomeric repeat–containing RNA (TERRA) is a long non-coding RNA transcribed from telomeres - repetitive nucleotide regions found on the ends of chromosomes that function to protect DNA from deterioration or fusion with neighboring chromosomes. TERRA has been shown to be ubiquitously expressed in almost all cell types containing linear chromosomes - including humans, mice, and yeasts. While the exact function of TERRA is still an active area of research, it is generally believed to play a role in regulating telomerase activity as well as maintaining the heterochromatic state at the ends of chromosomes. TERRA interaction with other associated telomeric proteins has also been shown to help regulate telomere integrity in a length-dependent manner.

SilentInformationRegulator (SIR) proteins are involved in regulating gene expression. SIR proteins organize heterochromatin near telomeres, ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and at silent loci including hidden mating type loci in yeast. The SIR family of genes encodes catalytic and non-catalytic proteins that are involved in de-acetylation of histone tails and the subsequent condensation of chromatin around a SIR protein scaffold. Some SIR family members are conserved from yeast to humans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neocentromere</span>

Neocentromeres are new centromeres that form at a place on the chromosome that is usually not centromeric. They typically arise due to disruption of the normal centromere. These neocentromeres should not be confused with “knobs”, which were also described as “neocentromeres” in maize in the 1950s. Unlike most normal centromeres, neocentromeres do not contain satellite sequences that are highly repetitive but instead consist of unique sequences. Despite this, most neocentromeres are still able to carry out the functions of normal centromeres in regulating chromosome segregation and inheritance. This raises many questions on what is necessary versus what is sufficient for constituting a centromere.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Jenuwein</span> German scientist

Thomas Jenuwein is a German scientist working in the fields of epigenetics, chromatin biology, gene regulation and genome function.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kaustuv Sanyal</span>

Kaustuv Sanyal is an Indian molecular biologist, mycologist and a professor at the Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit of the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR). He is known for his molecular and genetic studies of pathogenic yeasts such as Candida and Cryptococcus). An alumnus of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya and Madurai Kamaraj University from where he earned a BSc in agriculture and MSc in biotechnology respectively, Sanyal did his doctoral studies at Bose Institute to secure a PhD in Yeast genetics. He moved to the University of California, Santa Barbara, USA to work in the laboratory of John Carbon on the discovery of centromeres in Candida albicans. He joined JNCASR in 2005. He is a member of the Faculty of 1000 in the disciplines of Microbial Evolution and Genomics and has delivered invited speeches which include the Gordon Research Conference, EMBO conferences on comparative genomics and kinetochores. The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded him the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to biosciences, in 2012. He has also been awarded with the prestigious Tata Innovation Fellowship in 2017. The National Academy of Sciences, India elected him as a fellow in 2014. He is also an elected fellow of Indian Academy of Sciences (2017), and the Indian National Science Academy (2018). In 2019, he has been elected to Fellowship in the American Academy of Microbiology (AAM), the honorific leadership group within the American Society for Microbiology.

Holocentric chromosomes are chromosomes that possess multiple kinetochores along their length rather than the single centromere typical of other chromosomes. They were first described in cytogenetic experiments in 1935. Since this first observation, the term holocentric chromosome has referred to chromosomes that: i) lack the primary constriction corresponding to the centromere observed in monocentric chromosomes; and ii) possess multiple kinetochores dispersed along the entire chromosomal axis, such that microtubules bind to the chromosome along its entire length and move broadside to the pole from the metaphase plate. Holocentric chromosomes are also termed holokinetic, because, during cell division, the sister chromatids move apart in parallel and do not form the classical V-shaped figures typical of monocentric chromosomes.

References

  1. 1 2 Robin Allshire publications indexed by Google Scholar OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
  2. 1 2 3 Allshire, Robin Campbell (1985). Construction and analysis of vectors based on bovine papilloma virus (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/11176. OCLC   606010479. EThOS   uk.bl.ethos.355979. Lock-green.svg
  3. ↑ "Professor Robin Campbell Allshire FRS, FRSE". rse.org.uk. 24 August 2020.
  4. 1 2 Anon (2011). "Professor Robin Allshire FRS". royalsociety.org. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where:
    “All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.” --Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies at the Wayback Machine (archived 2016-11-11)
  5. 1 2 "Professor Robin Allshire | the Academy of Medical Sciences". Academy of Medical Sciences.
  6. ↑ "Allshire lab members".
  7. ↑ "Principal Research Fellowships: people we've funded". wellcome.ac.uk. Wellcome Trust.
  8. ↑ "Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology - Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology". University of Edinburgh.
  9. ↑ "Wellcome Trust lab". 11 January 2024.
  10. ↑ "ALLSHIRE, Arthur : Death notice - Irish Times Family Notices". The Irish Times.
  11. ↑ "ALLSHIRE, Freda Margaret : Death notice - Irish Times Family Notices". The Irish Times.
  12. ↑ "EPIGENETICS AND SPECIALIZED CHROMATIN".
  13. ↑ Allshire, Robin C; Gosden, John R; Cross, Sally H; Cranston, Gwen; Rout, Derek; Sugawara, Neal; Szostak, Jack W; Fantes, Peter A; Hastie, Nicholas D (1988). "Telomeric repeat from T. Thermophila cross hybridizes with human telomeres". Nature. 332 (6165): 656–9. Bibcode:1988Natur.332..656A. doi:10.1038/332656a0. PMID   2833706. S2CID   4352376.
  14. ↑ Hastie, Nicholas D; Dempster, Maureen; Dunlop, Malcolm G; Thompson, Alastair M; Green, Daryll K; Allshire, Robin C (1990). "Telomere reduction in human colorectal carcinoma and with ageing". Nature. 346 (6287): 866–8. Bibcode:1990Natur.346..866H. doi:10.1038/346866a0. PMID   2392154. S2CID   4258451.
  15. ↑ Allshire, R. C; Cranston, G; Gosden, J. R; Maule, J. C; Hastie, N. D; Fantes, P. A (1987). "A fission yeast chromosome can replicate autonomously in mouse cells". Cell. 50 (3): 391–403. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(87)90493-4. PMID   3475186. S2CID   2193386.
  16. ↑ Allshire, R. C (1990). "Introduction of large linear minichromosomes into Schizosaccharomyces pombe by an improved transformation procedure". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 87 (11): 4043–7. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.4043A. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.11.4043 . PMC   54043 . PMID   2349217.
  17. ↑ Allshire, R. C; Javerzat, J. P; Redhead, N. J; Cranston, G (1994). "Position effect variegation at fission yeast centromeres". Cell. 76 (1): 157–69. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90180-5. PMID   8287474. S2CID   42369473.
  18. ↑ Allshire, R. C; Nimmo, E. R; Ekwall, K; Javerzat, J. P; Cranston, G (1995). "Mutations derepressing silent centromeric domains in fission yeast disrupt chromosome segregation". Genes & Development. 9 (2): 218–33. doi: 10.1101/gad.9.2.218 . PMID   7851795.
  19. ↑ Nimmo, E. R; Cranston, G; Allshire, R. C (1994). "Telomere-associated chromosome breakage in fission yeast results in variegated expression of adjacent genes". The EMBO Journal. 13 (16): 3801–11. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06691.x. PMC   395293 . PMID   8070408.
  20. ↑ Nimmo, Elaine R; Pidoux, Alison L; Perry, Paul E; Allshire, Robin C (1998). "Defective meiosis in telomere-silencing mutants of Schizosaccharomyces pombe". Nature. 392 (6678): 825–8. Bibcode:1998Natur.392..825N. doi:10.1038/33941. PMID   9572142. S2CID   4412433.
  21. ↑ Pidoux, A. L; Uzawa, S; Perry, P. E; Cande, W. Z; Allshire, R. C (2000). "Live analysis of lagging chromosomes during anaphase and their effect on spindle elongation rate in fission yeast". Journal of Cell Science. 113 Pt 23 (23): 4177–91. doi:10.1242/jcs.113.23.4177. PMID   11069763.
  22. ↑ Bernard, P; Maure, J. F; Partridge, J. F; Genier, S; Javerzat, J. P; Allshire, R. C (2001). "Requirement of Heterochromatin for Cohesion at Centromeres". Science. 294 (5551): 2539–42. Bibcode:2001Sci...294.2539B. doi:10.1126/science.1064027. PMID   11598266. S2CID   31166180.
  23. ↑ Ekwall, K; Javerzat, J. P; Lorentz, A; Schmidt, H; Cranston, G; Allshire, R (1995). "The chromodomain protein Swi6: A key component at fission yeast centromeres". Science. 269 (5229): 1429–31. Bibcode:1995Sci...269.1429E. doi:10.1126/science.7660126. PMID   7660126. S2CID   38678389.
  24. ↑ Ekwall, K; Olsson, T; Turner, B. M; Cranston, G; Allshire, R. C (1997). "Transient inhibition of histone deacetylation alters the structural and functional imprint at fission yeast centromeres". Cell. 91 (7): 1021–32. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80492-4 . PMID   9428524.
  25. ↑ Bannister, Andrew J; Zegerman, Philip; Partridge, Janet F; Miska, Eric A; Thomas, Jean O; Allshire, Robin C; Kouzarides, Tony (2001). "Selective recognition of methylated lysine 9 on histone H3 by the HP1 chromo domain". Nature. 410 (6824): 120–4. Bibcode:2001Natur.410..120B. doi:10.1038/35065138. PMID   11242054. S2CID   4334447.
  26. ↑ Partridge, J. F; Scott, K. S; Bannister, A. J; Kouzarides, T; Allshire, R. C (2002). "Cis-acting DNA from fission yeast centromeres mediates histone H3 methylation and recruitment of silencing factors and cohesin to an ectopic site". Current Biology. 12 (19): 1652–60. doi: 10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01177-6 . PMID   12361567.
  27. ↑ Pidoux, Alison L; Richardson, William; Allshire, Robin C (2003). "Sim4". The Journal of Cell Biology. 161 (2): 295–307. doi:10.1083/jcb.200212110. PMC   2172903 . PMID   12719471.
  28. ↑ Castillo, A. G; Mellone, B. G; Partridge, J. F; Richardson, W; Hamilton, G. L; Allshire, R. C; Pidoux, A. L (2007). "Plasticity of fission yeast CENP-A chromatin driven by relative levels of histone H3 and H4". PLOS Genetics. 3 (7): e121. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030121 . PMC   1934396 . PMID   17677001.
  29. ↑ Dunleavy, Elaine M; Pidoux, Alison L; Monet, Marie; Bonilla, Carolina; Richardson, William; Hamilton, Georgina L; Ekwall, Karl; McLaughlin, Paul J; Allshire, Robin C (2007). "A NASP (N1/N2)-Related Protein, Sim3, Binds CENP-A and is Required for Its Deposition at Fission Yeast Centromeres". Molecular Cell. 28 (6): 1029–44. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2007.10.010. PMC   2193228 . PMID   18158900.
  30. ↑ Pidoux, Alison L; Choi, Eun Shik; Abbott, Johanna K.R; Liu, Xingkun; Kagansky, Alexander; Castillo, Araceli G; Hamilton, Georgina L; Richardson, William; Rappsilber, Juri; He, Xiangwei; Allshire, Robin C (2009). "Fission Yeast Scm3: A CENP-A Receptor Required for Integrity of Subkinetochore Chromatin". Molecular Cell. 33 (3): 299–311. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2009.01.019. PMC   2697330 . PMID   19217404.
  31. ↑ Sanchez-Pulido, Luis; Pidoux, Alison L; Ponting, Chris P; Allshire, Robin C (2009). "Common Ancestry of the CENP-A Chaperones Scm3 and HJURP". Cell. 137 (7): 1173–4. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.06.010. PMC   4397584 . PMID   19563746.
  32. ↑ Subramanian, L; Toda, N. R. T; Rappsilber, J; Allshire, R. C (2014). "Eic1 links Mis18 with the CCAN/Mis6/Ctf19 complex to promote CENP-A assembly". Open Biology. 4 (4): 140043. doi:10.1098/rsob.140043. PMC   4043117 . PMID   24789708.
  33. ↑ Folco, H. D; Pidoux, A. L; Urano, T; Allshire, R. C (2008). "Heterochromatin and RNAi Are Required to Establish CENP-A Chromatin at Centromeres". Science. 319 (5859): 94–7. Bibcode:2008Sci...319...94F. doi:10.1126/science.1150944. PMC   2586718 . PMID   18174443.
  34. ↑ Kagansky, A; Folco, H. D; Almeida, R; Pidoux, A. L; Boukaba, A; Simmer, F; Urano, T; Hamilton, G. L; Allshire, R. C (2009). "Synthetic Heterochromatin Bypasses RNAi and Centromeric Repeats to Establish Functional Centromeres". Science. 324 (5935): 1716–9. Bibcode:2009Sci...324.1716K. doi:10.1126/science.1172026. PMC   2949999 . PMID   19556509.
  35. ↑ Partridge, J. F; Borgstrøm, B; Allshire, R. C (2000). "Distinct protein interaction domains and protein spreading in a complex centromere". Genes & Development. 14 (7): 783–91. doi:10.1101/gad.14.7.783. PMC   316498 . PMID   10766735.
  36. ↑ Trewick, Sarah C; Minc, Elsa; Antonelli, Richard; Urano, Takeshi; Allshire, Robin C (2007). "The JmjC domain protein Epe1 prevents unregulated assembly and disassembly of heterochromatin". The EMBO Journal. 26 (22): 4670–82. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601892. PMC   2048757 . PMID   17948055.
  37. ↑ Buscaino, Alessia; Lejeune, Erwan; Audergon, Pauline; Hamilton, Georgina; Pidoux, Alison; Allshire, Robin C (2013). "Distinct roles for Sir2 and RNAi in centromeric heterochromatin nucleation, spreading and maintenance". The EMBO Journal. 32 (9): 1250–64. doi:10.1038/emboj.2013.72. PMC   3642681 . PMID   23572080.
  38. ↑ Audergon, P. N. C. B; Catania, S; Kagansky, A; Tong, P; Shukla, M; Pidoux, A. L; Allshire, R. C (2015). "Restricted epigenetic inheritance of H3K9 methylation". Science. 348 (6230): 132–5. Bibcode:2015Sci...348..132A. doi:10.1126/science.1260638. PMC   4397586 . PMID   25838386.
  39. ↑ Simmer, Femke; Buscaino, Alessia; Kos-Braun, Isabelle C; Kagansky, Alexander; Boukaba, Abdelhalim; Urano, Takeshi; Kerr, Alastair R W; Allshire, Robin C (2010). "Hairpin RNA induces secondary small interfering RNA synthesis and silencing in trans in fission yeast". EMBO Reports. 11 (2): 112–8. doi:10.1038/embor.2009.273. PMC   2828748 . PMID   20062003.
  40. ↑ Bayne, Elizabeth H; White, Sharon A; Kagansky, Alexander; Bijos, Dominika A; Sanchez-Pulido, Luis; Hoe, Kwang-Lae; Kim, Dong-Uk; Park, Han-Oh; Ponting, Chris P; Rappsilber, Juri; Allshire, Robin C (2010). "Stc1: A Critical Link between RNAi and Chromatin Modification Required for Heterochromatin Integrity". Cell. 140 (5): 666–77. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.038. PMC   2875855 . PMID   20211136.
  41. ↑ Buscaino, Alessia; White, Sharon A; Houston, Douglas R; Lejeune, Erwan; Simmer, Femke; De Lima Alves, Flavia; Diyora, Piyush T; Urano, Takeshi; Bayne, Elizabeth H; Rappsilber, Juri; Allshire, Robin C (2012). "Raf1 is a DCAF for the Rik1 DDB1-Like Protein and Has Separable Roles in siRNA Generation and Chromatin Modification". PLOS Genetics. 8 (2): e1002499. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002499 . PMC   3271066 . PMID   22319459.
  42. ↑ Bayne, E. H; Portoso, M; Kagansky, A; Kos-Braun, I. C; Urano, T; Ekwall, K; Alves, F; Rappsilber, J; Allshire, R. C (2008). "Splicing Factors Facilitate RNAi-Directed Silencing in Fission Yeast". Science. 322 (5901): 602–6. Bibcode:2008Sci...322..602B. doi:10.1126/science.1164029. PMC   2585287 . PMID   18948543.
  43. ↑ Bayne, Elizabeth H; Bijos, Dominika A; White, Sharon A; Alves, Flavia de Lima; Rappsilber, Juri; Allshire, Robin C (2014). "A systematic genetic screen identifies new factors influencing centromeric heterochromatin integrity in fission yeast". Genome Biology. 15 (10): 481. doi: 10.1186/s13059-014-0481-4 . PMC   4210515 . PMID   25274039.
  44. ↑ Choi, Eun Shik; Strålfors, Annelie; Castillo, Araceli G; Durand-Dubief, Mickaël; Ekwall, Karl; Allshire, Robin C (2011). "Identification of Noncoding Transcripts from within CENP-A Chromatin at Fission Yeast Centromeres". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 286 (26): 23600–7. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.228510 . PMC   3123123 . PMID   21531710.
  45. ↑ Choi, Eun Shik; Strålfors, Annelie; Catania, Sandra; Castillo, Araceli G; Svensson, J. Peter; Pidoux, Alison L; Ekwall, Karl; Allshire, Robin C (2012). "Factors That Promote H3 Chromatin Integrity during Transcription Prevent Promiscuous Deposition of CENP-ACnp1 in Fission Yeast". PLOS Genetics. 8 (9): e1002985. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002985 . PMC   3447972 . PMID   23028377.
  46. ↑ Catania, Sandra; Pidoux, Alison L; Allshire, Robin C (2015). "Sequence Features and Transcriptional Stalling within Centromere DNA Promote Establishment of CENP-A Chromatin". PLOS Genetics. 11 (3): e1004986. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004986 . PMC   4349457 . PMID   25738810.
  47. ↑ Shukla M, Manu; Allshire, Robin C (2018). "Centromere DNA Destabilizes H3 Nucleosomes to Promote CENP-A Deposition during the Cell Cycle". Current Biology. 28 (24): 3924–3936. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.049. PMC   6303189 . PMID   30503616.
  48. ↑ Ard, Ryan; Tong, Pin; Allshire, Robin C (2014). "Long non-coding RNA-mediated transcriptional interference of a permease gene confers drug tolerance in fission yeast". Nature Communications. 5: 5576. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.5576A. doi:10.1038/ncomms6576. PMC   4255232 . PMID   25428589.
  49. ↑ Ard, Ryan; Allshire, Robin C (2016). "Transcription-coupled changes to chromatin underpin gene silencing by transcriptional interference". Nucleic Acids Research. 44 (22): 10619–10630. doi:10.1093/nar/gkw801. PMC   5159543 . PMID   27613421.
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