Rochester Regional Health

Last updated
Rochester Regional Health
AbbreviationRRH
NicknameRochester Regional
PredecessorRochester General Health System
Unity Health System
Formation2014 ( Result of Merger ) [1]
Founded atRochester, NY
Type Nonprofit Organization
22-2551509
Headquarters Rochester, NY
Location
  • 100 Kings Highway South
    Rochester, New York 14617
Coordinates 43°12′07″N77°34′40″W / 43.201909°N 77.5778437°W / 43.201909; -77.5778437
Region
Greater Rochester, Finger Lakes Region, St. Lawrence County
Services Healthcare
CEO
Richard "Chip" Davis, Ph.D.
COO
Jennifer Eslinger
Subsidiaries InterVol, GRIPA, ElderOne, ACM Medical Laboratories, St. Lawrence Health System
Affiliations Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Rochester Institute of Technology
Revenue (2022)
Increase2.svg $3.2B Billion USD [2]
Staff (2023)
19,400+ Employees [2]
Volunteers (2023)
734+
Students (2023)
132
Website www.rochesterregional.org
Remarks#1 - Hospital in Rochester, NY (2022) [3]
#120 - America's Best Employers (2015) [4]
Formerly called
Rochester Regional Health System
( Removed "System" in May of 2015 )

Rochester Regional Health in Rochester, New York is an integrated health system that was formed in 2014 by the joining of Rochester General and Unity Health systems, and acquiring of St. Lawrence Health System in 2021.

Contents

The network includes 9 hospitals, ElderONE/PACE (Program for All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly) and home health programs, a college of health careers, outpatient laboratories, rehabilitation programs and surgical centers, independent and assisted living centers and skilled nursing facilities. They serve families in communities from the Greater Rochester area across Western New York, Finger Lakes region, and the St. Lawrence region of Northern NY. Rochester Regional also operates a global clinical trials and testing subsidiary, ACM Global Laboratories, that operates in 65 countries. [5]

Rochester Regional Health is Rochester's second-largest employer, and the largest employer in St. Lawrence County. [6] [2] The system has 19,400 employees, which includes 2,100 medical providers, 3,900 nurses, and over 730 volunteers. [7] Rochester General Hospital, the flagship hospital for the health system is ranked as the 11th busiest emergency room in the nation and 3rd in New York State. [8]

History

In February 2003, Rochester General Health System (then called ViaHealth) and Unity Health System opened merger discussions, but the discussions ended in April 2004, when Rochester General's board of directors voted unanimously to reject the merger. [9] The disagreement was partly due to the differences in ViaHealth wanting to merge its medical and dental staff, and Unity Health System the opposite. Merger discussions began again in April 2013, [10] in response to incentives built by the Federal Affordable Care Act, but also New York State regulations and increasing pressure for better outcomes and lower costs from business and commercial insurers. [11]

In July 2014, Rochester General Health System and Unity Health System merged. The new system was referred to as "RU system" or "Newco" for a short time until the new board of directors selected the name Rochester Regional Health System. [12]

In January 2015, United Memorial Medical Center joined the system. [13] Clifton Springs Hospital & Clinic joined the system in April 2015. [14] The hospitals joined due to the difficulty for small-town rural health clinics to be financially viable and to attract and retain adequate medical staff. [14]

In May 2015, the system shortened its name to Rochester Regional Health, after realizing that the original logo and name were difficult to read and wasn't reflective of their overall brand. [15]

In October 2020, Rochester Regional Health opened the Sands-Constellation Center for Critical Care on the Rochester General Hospital campus. The new 312,000 square foot facility was built to help deliver better care to an aging population in the region, as well as future generations to come. [16] The new facility includes a new surgical care center with operating rooms, women's health and a newborn care suites, and 108 acuity-adaptable private patient rooms. [17] Due to the facilities design, it allowed Rochester Regional to better manage the COVID-19 pandemic fall and winter surges and influx of patients needing critical care. [16]

In January 2021, Rochester Regional Health acquired St. Lawrence Health System, a three-hospital system in Potsdam, N.Y. [18] The affiliation aims to strengthen the care that is delivered in the North Country communities served by St. Lawrence Health System.

As labor shortages and inflation drive up expenses, Rochester Regional Health has been faced with the same issues that health systems across the nation are faced with from the COVID-19 pandemic. [19] As a result, the nurses at Rochester General Hospital voted to unionize in July 2022, hoping for better pay, staffing, and consistent retention. [20]

Hospitals & Facilities

Rochester Regional Health operates 9 hospitals across Western New York and Northern New York, and over 500 ambulatory facilities across these regions.

Rochester General Hospital, Rochester NY RGHHospital.jpg
Rochester General Hospital, Rochester NY

Rochester General Hospital

Unity Hospital

Unity Hospital, is a 337-bed community hospital in the town of Greece, NY. [21] It is the only hospital in Monroe County to include free parking and all private patient rooms.

Unity Specialty Hospital

An acute care hospital delivering cost-efficient care for medically complex patients including on-site social work, physical therapy, nutrition, wound care, psychiatry and other specialty services. [24]

Newark-Wayne Community Hospital

Newark Wayne Community Hospital, a 120-bed hospital in Wayne County [21] Newark-Wayne Community Hospital was the first of its kind in New York to offer a telemedicine program to connect with its patients. [25]

Clifton Springs Hospital and Clinic

Clifton Springs Hospital & Clinic, The 262-bed Clifton Springs Hospital & Clinic provides acute care, primary care, cancer treatment and behavioral health and addiction recovery programs in the central Finger Lakes region. The hospital features private rooms for every patient. An integrative program, the Springs of Clifton, delivers conventional care as well as complementary medicine therapies including massage, acupuncture, naturopathic medicine, chiropractic services, mineral baths and an herbal medicinary. [21]

United Memorial Medical Center

United Memorial Medical Center, United Memorial Medical Center is a 131-bed hospital in Batavia serving residents of Genesee County and the surrounding rural communities. [21] UMMC joined the Rochester Regional Health family of hospitals in late 2016, but still kept its original name, and manages its own board of directors. [26]

Canton-Potsdam Hospital

Canton-Potsdam Hospital is a 94-bed hospital located in Potsdam, New York, which is northeast of Canton the county seat of St. Lawrence. Their special services programs include inpatient detox and Center for Cancer Care.

Massena Hospital

Massena Hospital is a 25-bed hospital located in Massena, New York. Providing medical, surgical, emergency, and pediatric care.

Gouverneur Hospital

Gouverneur Hospital, Previously named E.J. Noble Hospital after Edward John Noble, is a 25-bed hospital located in Gouverneur, New York. Providing inpatient detox, substance use and disorder rehabilitation, energency care, imaging, phyisical therapy and respiratory therapy.

ACM Global Laboratories

Originally started in 1975, ACM Global Laboratories (formerly ACM Medical Laboratories) was an affiliate of Unity Health System, [27] and was acquired with the merging of both Rochester General and Unity Health Systems. [28] ACM Medical Laboratories provided both ambulatory and outpatient lab services for physicians and other health care providers, hospitals, employers and patients.

Now a wholly owned affiliate of Rochester Regional Health, ACM changed its name from ACM Medical Laboratories to ACM Global Laboratories to reflect its global footprint as a provider in medical diagnostic and clinical trial testing services. They operate in over 65 countries, with facilities in Rochester, NY, England, China, India, and Singapore. [29] They still provide all patient lab services in Rochester, NY under the name Rochester Regional Health Laboratories, but a majority of their operations are business-to-business. [28] [29]

ACM specializes in Pathology Services, Anatomic Pathology, Micro and Molecular Diagnostics, Digital Pathology, Drug Testing Services, Microbiology, Pain and Addiction Management Services, as well as Flow Cytometry. [30]

In June 2018, ACM Global Laboratories acquired ABS Laboratories, a bioanalytical testing facility located in London, United Kingdom. [31]

St. Lawrence Health System

St. Lawrence Health System began in 2013 as "a new two-hospital system." [32] It subsequently expanded by adding Massena Memorial Hospital in 2019. [33]

In 2019, as they were beginning their Massena takeover, they obtained funding for "patient-centered" training [34] and grants "providing low-income St. Lawrence County residents free rides to non-medical destinations like pharmacies, grocery stores, farmer’s markets, self-help classes and other places that could improve their health." [35]

Their special services programs include inpatient detox/rehab and Center for Cancer Care. [36] [37]

In January 2021, Rochester Regional Health acquired St. Lawrence Health System, a three-hospital system. The affiliation aims to strengthen the care that is delivered in the North Country communities served by St. Lawrence Health System.

In 2024, Rochester Regional Health started to phase out the St. Lawrence Health branding, and replacing it with Rochester Regional Health branding for locations and facilities in the St. Lawrence region to further emphasize the unification and integration of the two health systems, as well as Rochester Regional Health's commitment to the northern region of New York. [38]

Sustainability

On October 20, 2017, Rochester Regional Health announced one of the most aggressive healthcare sustainability project in the United States. [39] By 2025 the health system wants to source 100% of their electrical power from renewable means. [40] In order to achieve this goal, the health system will reduce electricity use through updating facility equipment, increase on and off-site generation of renewable energy by adding things like solar panels, and commit to only purchasing renewable electricity when they need to purchase electricity. [40]

By the end of 2025 the company anticipates it will spend $1.5 Million less in electricity needs throughout the entire health system than it does today. [41]

Rochester Regional Health also has aggressive plans to spearhead sustainability in healthcare that include energy efficiency, waste management, sustainable purchasing, building design, food sourcing, and community outreach and education. [41] Practice Greenhealth said Rochester Regional Health's announcement of this initiative is the most ambitious sustainability commitment shared publicly by any health system is New York State, and is matched or exceeded by only a handful of other health systems in the nation. [42]

Mobile Mammography Center

In late 2017, New York State Governor Andrew Cuomo announced plans to fund $37.7 Million to help improve access to breast cancer screenings in New York State. [43] Rochester Regional Health was among the recipients for this award to build a Mobile Mammography Center. Introduced in July 2018, the retrofitted RV-style vehicle is equipped with the same as a standing mammography suite, [44] and will travel to and from Monroe County and the seven surrounding counties.

Rochester Regional Health received a three-year grant for up to $4 million total. The grant covered approximately $1 Million for the design and construction of the vehicle, and $3 Million for the staffing and operating costs. [44]

The Rochester Regional Health Mobile Mammography Center is one of two Western New York mobile mammography units to receive the funding. [45]

Notable staff

Related Research Articles

The University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), now known as UR Medicine, is located in Rochester, New York, is a medical complex on the main campus of the University of Rochester and comprises the university's primary medical education, research and patient care facilities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WellSpan Health</span>

WellSpan Health is an American integrated health system located in South-Central Pennsylvania and parts of northern Maryland. Headquartered in York, Pennsylvania and employing about 20,000 people, WellSpan Health operates eight hospitals : WellSpan York Hospital, WellSpan Gettysburg Hospital, WellSpan Ephrata Community Hospital, WellSpan Good Samaritan Hospital, WellSpan Chambersburg Hospital, WellSpan Waynesboro Hospital, WellSpan Philhaven, and WellSpan Surgery and Rehabilitation Hospital. WellSpan operates over 220 patient care locations which offer services such as diagnostic imaging, laboratory services, rehabilitation facilities, primary care facilities, urgent care facilities, specialty centers, medical equipment retail, and retail pharmacies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">University of Vermont Medical Center</span> Medical service network

The University of Vermont Medical Center (UVMMC) is a five-campus academic medical facility under the corporate umbrella of the University of Vermont Health Network that is anchored by a 562-bed hospital in Burlington, Vermont. UVMMC is based in Burlington and serves as both a regional referral center and a community hospital. The hospital was formerly known as the Medical Center Hospital of Vermont and later as Fletcher Allen Health Care until getting its current name. It is affiliated with the University of Vermont's Robert Larner College of Medicine and its College of Nursing and Health Sciences.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Healthcare Group</span> Singapore group of healthcare institutions

The National Healthcare Group (NHG) is a group of healthcare institutions located in Singapore. The group was formed in 2000 and operates several hospitals, national specialty centers and polyclinics. Tan Tock Seng Hospital is the largest hospital in the group and serves as the flagship hospital for the cluster.

Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System(SRHS) is one of South Carolina's largest healthcare systems. SRHS draws patients primarily from the areas of Spartanburg, Cherokee, Union, and Greenville counties (all located in the Piedmont region of South Carolina), as well as Rutherford and Polk counties (located in western North Carolina). Spartanburg General Hospital was organized under the authority of the South Carolina General Assembly in 1917. It officially became the Spartanburg Regional Health Services District, Inc., a political subdivision of the State of South Carolina, by the charter granted by the Secretary of State of South Carolina on May 1, 1995.

Ascension Michigan, formerly St. John Providence Health System and the St. John Health System, is the Michigan division of Ascension Health.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MelroseWakefield Hospital</span> Hospital in Massachusetts, United States

MelroseWakefield Hospital is a 174-bed non-profit hospital located in Melrose, Massachusetts. MelroseWakefield Hospital and Lawrence Memorial Hospital of Medford function as one hospital entity with two campus locations. The MelroseWakefield Hospital campus provides many different areas of inpatient patient care including general surgery, interventional cardiovascular services, gynecology, maternity, special care nursery, orthopedics, and urology. It also offers outpatient care such as same day surgery, endoscopy, imaging and emergency services as well as serving as the region's Level III Trauma Center.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center</span> Hospital in New Jersey, United States

Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center (CBMC), formerly Saint Barnabas Medical Center (SBMC), is a 597-bed non-profit major teaching hospital located in Livingston, New Jersey. An affiliate of RWJBarnabas Health (formerly known as Barnabas Health and Saint Barnabas Health Care System), it is the oldest and largest nonprofit, nonsectarian hospital in New Jersey.

Medical centers in the United States are conglomerations of health care facilities including hospitals and research facilities that also either include or are closely affiliated with a medical school.

Crozer Health is a four-hospital health system based in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, and serving Delaware County; northern Delaware and parts of western New Jersey.

Good Samaritan University Hospital is a 537-bed non-profit teaching hospital on Long Island located in West Islip, New York. The hospital contains 100 nursing home beds as well as operates an adult Level I trauma center and a pediatric Level II trauma center. Good Samaritan University Hospital opened in May 1959, and has expanded several times since opening. It has been Magnet-designed for its quality nursing since 2006, and is a member of Catholic Health. The hospital is also a major regional clinical campus for clinical clerkships and postgraduate medical training affiliated with the New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, one of the largest medical schools in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NewYork-Presbyterian Westchester</span> Hospital in New York, United States

NewYork-Presbyterian Westchester is a division of NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, located in Bronxville, New York. It is a 288-bed general hospital providing inpatient and outpatient care primarily to residents of southern Westchester County. It is a designated Primary Stroke Center and a Level 2 Perinatal Center.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rochester General Hospital</span> Hospital in Rochester, New York

Rochester General Hospital, an affiliate hospital of Rochester Regional Health, is a 528-bed tertiary care hospital, located in Rochester, New York. Rochester General Hospital has been serving the residents of the Rochester Region and beyond since 1847. Rochester General Hospital offers primary medical care and a broad range of specialties. Rochester General Hospital's medical staff includes over 1,000 primary care physicians and specialists, many of whom have offices at the hospital and throughout the community.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Unity Hospital</span> Hospital in New York, United States

Unity Hospital, an affiliate hospital of Rochester Regional Health, is a 471-bed community hospital in Greece, New York. After a four-year renovation in 2014, Unity is now the only Monroe County hospital to feature all private patient rooms and free parking. Unity offers a broad range of specialty centers, including the Golisano Restorative Neurology & Rehabilitation Center; the Charles J. August Joint Replacement Center and the August Family Birth Place. The hospital is also a New York State-designated Stroke Center.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Memorial Medical Center</span> Hospital in Batavia, NY

United Memorial Medical Center (UMMC) is an affiliate hospital, a part of Rochester Regional Health. Located in Batavia, New York, United Memorial Medical Hospital is a 131-bed community hospital serving the residents of Genesee County and surrounding rural communities. United Memorial is the sole Maternity services provider for Genesee and Orleans Counties, it manages the New York State Cancer Services Partnership Grant for Orleans and Genesee Counties and provide Orthopaedic services in Genesee, Orleans and Wyoming Counties. United Memorial is a NICHE hospital and a New York State-designated Stroke Center.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clifton Springs Hospital & Clinic</span> Hospital in Clifton Springs, NY

Clifton Springs Hospital & Clinic (CSHC) is affiliate hospital of Rochester Regional Health in the Village of Clifton Springs, New York in the Finger Lakes Region of Ontario County. Clifton Springs Hospital & Clinic is a 262-bed DNV-accredited community hospital and nursing home

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Newark-Wayne Community Hospital</span> Hospital in New York, United States

Newark-Wayne Community Hospital, an affiliate hospital of Rochester Regional Health, is a 120-bed small community hospital in Wayne County, New York. Newark-Wayne Community Hospital was the first of its kind in New York to offer a telemedicine program to connect with its patients. The hospital also provides services including cardiology, urology, obstetrics, gynecology, orthopedics, and pulmonary care.

Canton-Potsdam Hospital is a 94-bed not-for-profit hospital located in Potsdam, New York, which is northeast of Canton the county seat of St. Lawrence. Their special services programs include inpatient detox and Center for Cancer Care.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. Lawrence Health System</span> New York (state) hospital system

St. Lawrence Health System is an upstate New York three-hospital healthcare provider that is part of the Rochester Regional Health system in Western NY. St. Lawrence Health System encompasses what formerly were Canton-Potsdam Hospital, E.J. Noble Hospital and Massena Memorial Hospital.

References

  1. "Merged RGHS, Unity named Rochester Regional Health System | Rochester Business Journal New York business news and information". www.rbj.net. Archived from the original on 12 July 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 "RBJ 75 Supplement – The Region's Largest Employers 2017 | Rochester Business Journal". Rochester Business Journal. 3 May 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-05.
  3. "Best Hospitals in Rochester, NY". U.S. News & World Report.
  4. "Rochester Regional Health System on the Forbes America's Best Employers List". Forbes.
  5. "About Us | ACM Global Laboratories". www.acmgloballab.com. Retrieved 2022-12-14.
  6. "In shift from past, Potsdam now home to St. Lawrence County's two largest employers as Massena's Alcoa slips | NorthCountryNow". www.northcountrynow.com. Retrieved 2022-12-15.
  7. "Quick Facts | Rochester Regional Health". www.rochesterregional.org. Retrieved 2022-12-15.
  8. Singer, Patti. "New ranking has Rochester General 11th in ER visits". Democrat and Chronicle. Retrieved 2022-12-14.
  9. Stinger, Patti (April 29, 2013). "Democrat and Chronicle" (PDF). What would merged Rochester General, Unity look like?. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
  10. Ellison, Ayla. "Rochester General, Unity Health Unveil New Name After Merger". www.beckershospitalreview.com. Retrieved 2016-10-04.
  11. Hare, Mark. "Rochester's health care revolution". City Newspaper. Retrieved 2016-10-04.
  12. "Rochester Regional Health System makes its debut" . Retrieved 2016-10-04.
  13. "Environmental issue delays Clifton Springs merger plan" . Retrieved 2016-10-04.
  14. 1 2 Astor, Will (April 1, 2015). "Rochester Business Journal". Clifton Springs Hospital joins Rochester Regional Health System. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
  15. "Rochester Regional Health has new logo" . Retrieved 2016-10-04.
  16. 1 2 "PHOTO TOUR: Sands-Constellation Center for Critical Care At Rochester General Hospital - HCD Magazine". HCD Magazine - Architecture & Interior Design Trends for Healthcare Facilities. 2021-03-08. Retrieved 2022-12-14.
  17. Singer, Patti. "Five-year project will transform Rochester General Hospital". Democrat and Chronicle. Retrieved 2022-12-14.
  18. "Rochester Regional, St. Lawrence Health System finalize affiliation". www.beckershospitalreview.com. Retrieved 2021-12-19.
  19. hnesich_drupal. "Report: Hospitals face worst year financially since start of COVID-19 pandemic, jeopardizing access to patient care | AHA News". www.aha.org. Retrieved 2022-12-14.
  20. "'We want to make it better': RGH nurses unionizing, Rochester Regional 'not on board'". RochesterFirst. 2022-04-05. Retrieved 2022-12-14.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 "Rochester Regional Health Facts & Statistics | Rochester Regional Health, New York". www.rochesterregional.org. Retrieved 2016-08-31.
  22. Bean, Mackenzie. "12 hospitals with the most ER visits | 2017". www.beckershospitalreview.com. Retrieved 2017-04-04.
  23. "Nurses at Rochester General Hospital vote to unionize". WXXI News. 2022-07-14. Retrieved 2022-08-19.
  24. "Unity Specialty Hospital". www.rochesterregional.org. Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  25. "Hospital". Village of Newark. Retrieved 2018-08-01.
  26. Adams, Beth. "Batavia Hospital Joins Rochester Regional Health System" . Retrieved 2018-08-01.
  27. "ACM Medical Laboratory Opens New Patient Service Center at Ridgeway | Rochester Regional Health, New York". www.rochesterregional.org. Retrieved 2018-08-02.
  28. 1 2 "Laboratories - About | Rochester Regional Health, New York". Laboratories. Retrieved 2018-08-02.
  29. 1 2 "Who We Are". www.acmgloballab.com. Retrieved 2018-08-02.
  30. "ACM Global Central Laboratory, Inc.: Private Company Information - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-08-02.
  31. "ACM Global Laboratories Grows International Portfolio with Acquisition of ABS Laboratories" . Retrieved 2018-08-02.
  32. "Gouverneur Hospital to Continue E.J. Noble Operations After Dissolution". Becker's Hospital Review . September 4, 2013. a new two-hospital system: St. Lawrence Health System
  33. "Massena Memorial Hospital appoints St. Lawrence Health System". Watertown Daily Times . June 27, 2019.
  34. W. T. Eckert (September 14, 2019). "$216K grant funding leads to "patient-centered" St. Lawrence clinical research". Watertown Daily Times .
  35. Susan Mende (June 29, 2019). "New program provides free rides for low-income St. Lawrence County residents". Watertown Daily Times .
  36. "Detox Unit Moves to Gouverneur". Watertown Daily Times . April 11, 2018.
  37. "Serago named director of Canton-Potsdam Hospital's Center for Cancer Care". Watertown Daily Times . February 26, 2015.
  38. "Rochester Regional Health and St. Lawrence Health Integration". Vimeo. Retrieved September 12, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  39. "Renewable Energy: A Public Health Imperative for GreenSpark". GreenSpark. 2018-03-19. Retrieved 2018-08-01.
  40. 1 2 "Rochester Regional announces 100% renewable electricity target". ROCHESTERFIRST. 2017-10-20. Retrieved 2018-08-01.
  41. 1 2 "Rochester Regional Health Seeks Out Sustainability". www.gvhealthnews.com. Retrieved 2018-08-01.
  42. "Rochester Regional Health Spearheads Green Energy in Health Care | Rochester Regional Health, New York". www.rochesterregional.org. Retrieved 2018-08-01.
  43. "Governor Cuomo Announces $37.7 Million Awarded to Improve Access to Breast Cancer Screening Across New York State". Governor Andrew M. Cuomo. 2018-02-01. Retrieved 2018-08-01.
  44. 1 2 "State grant makes mammograms more convenient (comfort remains the same)". Rochester Democrat and Chronicle. Retrieved 2018-08-01.
  45. Dahlberg, Brett. "Mobile breast cancer screening unit rolled out at Rochester Regional Health" . Retrieved 2018-08-01.
  46. "Sophia French Palmer". www.nurses.info. Retrieved 2016-09-28.
  47. "Sophia French Palmer | Rochester General Hospital". Rochestergeneral.org. Archived from the original on 2013-04-15. Retrieved 2012-05-09.
  48. "Ninety years ago, Gershwin sparked rhapsody in Rochester" . Retrieved 2016-09-28.