The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is responsible for coordinating responses to environmental issues within the United Nations system. It was established by Maurice Strong,its first director,after the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm in June 1972. Its mandate is to provide leadership,deliver science and develop solutions on a wide range of issues,including climate change,the management of marine and terrestrial ecosystems,and green economic development. The organization also develops international environmental agreements;publishes and promotes environmental science and helps national governments achieve environmental targets.
Sir Robert Tony Watson CMG FRS is a British chemist who has worked on atmospheric science issues including ozone depletion,global warming and paleoclimatology since the 1980s. Most recently,he is lead author of the February 2021 U.N. report Making Peace with Nature.
The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED),also known as the RioConference or the Earth Summit,was a major United Nations conference held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992.
The Global Environment Facility (GEF) is a multilateral environmental fund that provides grants and blended finance for projects related to biodiversity,climate change,international waters,land degradation,persistent organic pollutants (POPs),mercury,sustainable forest management,food security,and sustainable cities in developing countries. It is the largest source of multilateral funding for biodiversity globally,and distributes more than $1 billion a year on average to address inter-related environmental challenges.
Calestous Juma was a Kenyan scientist and academic,specializing in sustainable development. He was named one of the most influential 100 Africans in 2012,2013 and 2014 by the New African magazine. He was Professor of the Practice of International Development and Faculty Chair of the Innovation for Economic Development Executive Program at Harvard Kennedy School. Juma was Director of the School's Science,Technology and Globalization Project at Harvard Kennedy School as well as the Agricultural Innovation in Africa Project funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. His last book,Innovation and Its Enemies:Why People Resist New Technologies, was published by Oxford University Press in 2016.
Felix Dodds,born Michael Nicholas Dodds,is a British author,futurist,and activist.
The World Cities Summit is an international conference series on public governance and the sustainable development of cities.
Environmental governance (EG) consist of a system of laws,norms,rules,policies and practices that dictate how the board members of an environment related regulatory body should manage and oversee the affairs of any environment related regulatory body which is responsible for ensuring sustainability (sustainable development) and manage all human activities—political,social and economic. Environmental governance includes government,business and civil society,and emphasizes whole system management. To capture this diverse range of elements,environmental governance often employs alternative systems of governance,for example watershed-based management.
Centre for Development,Environment and Policy ("CeDEP"),is a research and teaching centre based in the Department of Development Studies at SOAS University of London. Its teaching programmes are part of the University of London International Programmes,offering distance learning postgraduate qualifications in the subject areas of climate change,sustainability and development. CeDEP's research covers the regions of Asia,Africa and the Middle East placing emphasis on the need for informed professionals with inter-disciplinary skills and understanding to effectively tackle environmental issues,poverty,including their ethical,political,economic,social and technical dimensions. The role of distance learning is highlighted within CeDEP not only as a mode of teaching in the subject areas of climate change and sustainable development,but also as a tool for development keeping in mind that CeDEP's research interests are best addressed and tackled by researchers and students placed in the physical field of their studies in various regions around the world. In addition,CeDEP hosts researchers and candidates for PhD degrees.
Mostafa Kamal Tolba was an Egyptian scientist who served for seventeen years as the executive director of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). In that capacity he led development of the Montreal Protocol,which saved the ozone layer and thus millions of lives from skin cancer and other impacts.
The International Day of Forests was established on the 21st day of March,by resolution of the United Nations General Assembly on November 28,2013. Each year,various events celebrate and raise awareness of the importance of all types of forests,and trees outside forests,for the benefit of current and future generations. Countries are encouraged to undertake efforts to organize local,national,and international activities involving forests and trees,such as tree planting campaigns,on International Day of Forests. The Secretariat of the United Nations Forum on Forests,in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization,facilitates the implementation of such events in collaboration with governments,the Collaborative Partnership on Forests,and international,regional and subregional organizations. International Day of Forests was observed for the first time on March 21,2013.
Safe Planet:the United Nations Campaign for Responsibility on Hazardous Chemicals and Wastes is the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and UN Food and Agricultural Organization-led global public awareness and outreach campaign for ensuring the safety of human health and the environment against hazardous chemicals and wastes.
The International Resource Panel is a scientific panel of experts that aims to help nations use natural resources sustainably without compromising economic growth and human needs. It provides independent scientific assessments and expert advice on a variety of areas,including:
The Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) is a reporting service providing daily coverage on a variety of global environmental and sustainable development negotiations.
Pavan Sukhdev is an Indian environmental economist whose field of studies include green economy and international finance. He was the Special Adviser and Head of UNEP's Green Economy Initiative,a major UN project suite to demonstrate that greening of economies is not a burden on growth but rather a new engine for growing wealth,increasing decent employment,and reducing persistent poverty. Pavan was also the Study Leader for the ground breaking TEEB study commissioned by G8+5 and hosted by UNEP. Under his leadership,TEEB sized the global problem of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation in economic and human welfare terms,and proposed solutions targeted at policy-makers,administrators,businesses and citizens. TEEB presented its widely acclaimed Final Report suite at the UN meeting by Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in Nagoya,Japan.
Tan Sri Zakri bin Abdul Hamid has had a distinguished career in science as a researcher,educator,administrator and diplomat.
Global Environmental Governance is the title of a book written by Adil Najam,Mihaela Papa and Nadaa Taiyab. All the information of this article comes from this book.
The contributions of women in climate change have received increasing attention in the early 21st century. Feedback from women and the issues faced by women have been described as "imperative" by the United Nations and "critical" by the Population Reference Bureau. A report by the World Health Organization concluded that incorporating gender-based analysis would "provide more effective climate change mitigation and adaptation."
The 2016 United Nations Climate Change Conference was an international meeting of political leaders and activists to discuss environmental issues. It was held in Marrakech,Morocco,on 7–18 November 2016. The conference incorporated the twenty-second Conference of the Parties (COP22),the twelfth meeting of the parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP12),and the first meeting of the parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA1). The purpose of the conference was to discuss and implement plans about combatting climate change and to "[demonstrate] to the world that the implementation of the Paris Agreement is underway". Participants work together to come up with global solutions to climate change.
The effect of climate change on small island countries can be extreme because of low-lying coasts,relatively small land masses,and exposure to extreme weather. The effects of climate change,particularly sea level rise and increasingly intense tropical cyclones,threaten the existence of many island countries,island peoples and their cultures,and will alter their ecosystems and natural environments. Several Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are among the most vulnerable nations to climate change.
