The Sardinian Romanesque is the Romanesque architectural style that developed in Sardinia. The Romanesque architecture in Sardinia has had a remarkable development since the early origins, during the Giudicati era, and for a long period. His expressions, although autonomous, are not classifiable in a recognizable image, since in the island the Romanesque manifested itself with unusual results but in numerous forms; [1] this is due to the establishment in Sardinia of several religious orders, coming from various Italian regions and from France. Consequently, in the architectures of that era Pisan, Lombard and Provençal influences are recognizable as well as traces of the passage of workers, coming from the Iberian Peninsula, of Islamic culture. In total there are over 150 Romanesque monuments in Sardinia. [2]
The first Romanesque building on the island is the Basilica of San Gavino in Porto Torres, Giudicato of Torres, which was started under the reign of the Judike Gonario I of Torres Lacon-Gunale (circa 1015–1038). The new basilica was erected near an area where there was an early Christian necropolis and two ancient basilicas datable to the 5th-7th century, the Judike hired workers in Pisa to build it. On the death of Gonnario he was succeeded by his son Barisone I of Torres who continued the construction of the basilica, which was completed before 1063. At the same time Barisone I opened the season of immigration of monastic orders on the island, in fact in 1063 he asked Desiderio di Benevento, abbot of Montecassino, to send a group of monks to take possession of a large area and its appurtenances: including the churches of Santa Maria di Bubalis (identified with Nostra Segnora de Mesumundu) and the church of saints Elia and Enoc, located on top of Mount Santu in the territory of Siligo. In 1089 Constantine I of Cagliari Judike of Cagliari, donated to the abbot of Abbey of Saint-Victor de Marseille, Richard, the Basilica of San Saturnino and other properties for the monks to found a monastery. From then on, for several decades many religious orders arrived on the island, including the Camaldolese, the Vallombrosians, the Cistercians, the Victorians, etc. Following this phenomenon, through the considerable financial commitment of the local nobility (mayorales), numerous private churches were founded, so the development of Romanesque architecture took place which, on the island, took on original and very interesting features.
Giulio Carlo Argan identifies in the Sardinian Romanesque of the 11th and 12th centuries a "particular attitude" to the two new Lombard and Tuscan currents, [3] which are often merged producing unprecedented results. As in the case of San Nicola di Trullas (before 1113) in Semestene (SS), the palatine chapel of Santa Maria del Regno (1107) in Ardara or the San Nicola di Silanis (before 1122) of Sedini (SS) and the Basilica of San Simplicio in Olbia (11th-12th century) just to name a few. There is no shortage of examples of exclusively Lombard architecture, as in the case of the Church of San Pietro di Zuri by master Anselmo da Como.
There are also numerous French-derived architectures built on behalf of the Marseille monks by Provençal workers, in some cases assisted by local workers trained in Italy. These include the church of San Platano in Villaspeciosa, the church of San Gemiliano in Sestu, San Lorenzo in Cagliari, San Saturnino di Ussana and the first plant of Santa Maria di Uta (CA). But not only the Benedictines of San Vittore acted on the island, but also other orders from beyond the Alps such as the Cistercians, the Templars and the Lerinenses.
Among the Romanesque architecture of Sardinia numerous examples of churches of narrow Tuscan origin can highlighted, such as the Basilica di Saccargia in Codrongianos and the Cathedral of San Pietro di Sorres, Borutta (SS), the Church of Nostra Signora di Tergu or the Cathedral of Santa Giusta of the homonymous center (OR) and the church of San Nicola di Ottana (NU).
Remarkable are also the defensive structures such as the numerous castles and towers of the city of Cagliari, including the Tower of San Pancrazio and the Tower of the Elephant, designed by the Sardinian architect Giovanni Capula.
Sardinia is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, and one of the twenty regions of Italy. It is located west of the Italian Peninsula, north of Tunisia and immediately south of the French island of Corsica.
Sassari is an Italian city and the second-largest of Sardinia in terms of population with 127,525 inhabitants, and a Functional Urban Area of about 260,000 inhabitants. One of the oldest cities on the island, it contains a considerable collection of art.
Sassarese is an Italo-Dalmatian language and transitional variety between Sardinian and Corsican. It is regarded as a Corso–Sardinian language because of Sassari's historic ties with Tuscany and geographical proximity to Corsica. Despite the robust Sardinian influences, it still keeps its Corsican roots, which closely relate it to Gallurese; the latter is linguistically considered a Corsican dialect despite its geographical location, although this claim is a matter of controversy. It has several similarities to the Italian language, and in particular to the old Italian dialects from Tuscany.
The Judicates, in English also referred to as Sardinian Kingdoms, Sardinian Judgedoms or Judicatures, were independent states that took power in Sardinia in the Middle Ages, between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries. They were sovereign states with summa potestas, each with a ruler called judge, with the powers of a king.
Tharros was an ancient city and former bishopric on the west coast of Sardinia, Italy.
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Ampurias was a Latin suffragan Catholic bishopric in the north of Sardinia from 1070 till its suppression and merger with the Diocese of Civita-Tempio into the present Roman Catholic Diocese of Tempio-Ampurias.
Bulzi is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 180 kilometres (110 mi) north of Cagliari and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Sassari.
Sedini is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 180 kilometres (110 mi) north of Cagliari and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Sassari. It is part of the Anglona traditional subregion.
Tergu is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 190 kilometres (120 mi) north of Cagliari and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Sassari in the Anglona historical regiona.
Nostra Signora di Tergu is a parish church in Tergu, province of Sassari, Sardinia, Italy. One of the most outstanding examples of Romanesque architecture in the island, the church and the remains of the annexed abbey are located in a countryside area outside the village.
Santa Giusta Cathedral, now a minor basilica is the former cathedral of the abolished Diocese of Santa Giusta, in Santa Giusta, province of Oristano, Sardinia, Italy. The dedication is to Saint Justa of Cagliari who, according to the tradition, was martyred here at the time of the Roman emperor Diocletian, with her companions Saints Justina and Aenidina. Almost entirely built in sandstone, it is considered one of the most important examples of Sardinian Romanesque architecture.
San Nicola di Trullas is a countryside church between the communes of Semestene and Pozzomaggiore, in the province of Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
The Perfect Fusion was the 1847 act of the Savoyard King Charles Albert of Sardinia which abolished the administrative differences between the mainland states and the island of Sardinia within the Kingdom of Sardinia, in a fashion similar to the Nueva Planta decrees between the Crown of Castile and the realms of the Crown of Aragon between 1707 and 1716 and the Acts of Union between Great Britain and Ireland in 1800.
Sardinia is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and an autonomous region of Italy. Tourism in Sardinia is one of the fastest growing sectors of the regional economy. The island attracts more than a million tourists from both Italy, from the rest of Europe, and, to a lesser degree, from the rest of the world. According to statistics, tourist arrivals in 2016 were 2.9 million people.
Sassari Cathedral is the Roman Catholic cathedral of Sassari, Sardinia, Italy, and is dedicated to Saint Nicholas. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Sassari. It was built in the Romanesque style in the 12th century. The present building also includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and Neoclassical elements. Construction was finished in the 18th century.
The Chiesa di San Nicola di Silanis is a church in a state of ruins in the comune of Sedini, northern Sardinia, Italy.
Architecture of Sardinia has developed since 4000 B.C., presenting characteristic aspects in certain historical periods, especially in the Nuragic age.
Frà Antonio Cano (1779–1840) was a sculptor, architect, and lay friar of the Kingdom of Sardinia.
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