Ronald F. Ferguson (born 1950) is an American economist and educator known for his research and contributions to addressing educational disparities in the United States. He has focused on issues ranging from state and local economic development to school reform and early childhood parenting. [1]
Major themes in his work relate to the race-related achievement gap in the United States and how to improve schools, identify effective teachers, and strengthen parenting practices. He retired from teaching in 2024 after 41 years on the faculty at Harvard Kennedy School, where he retains an affiliation with the Malcolm Wiener Center for Social Policy. He is the founder and current executive director of The Basics, Inc., a nonprofit organization. [2]
Ferguson was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He earned an undergraduate degree from Cornell University and a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, both in economics. [3] [4]
Ferguson was appointed to Harvard University in 1983.
Ferguson’s research with Helen Ladd during the 1980s on the Massachusetts Miracle (the economic transformation of the state’s economy ) drew international attention during Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis’ 1988 presidential campaign, when Dukakis said he could do for the nation what he had done for Massachusetts. The Ferguson/Ladd report credited broader economic forces, attributing only a small role to state policy. [5]
During the 1990s, Ferguson led the National Community Development Policy Analysis Network (NCDPAN), the research arm of the National Community Development Initiative (which in 2001 became Living Cities). [6] In 1999, two dozen nationally prominent social scientists in NCDPAN completed the volume Urban Problems and Community Development, published by Brookings Press. Ferguson co-edited the book with William T. Dickens and contributed three synthesis chapters. [7]
In 2001, Ferguson founded The Tripod Project working with educators in Shaker Heights, Ohio and the Minority Student Achievement Network to develop the first generation of Tripod Student Surveys for understanding how classroom experiences affect achievement gaps. [8] [9]
In 2008, Tripod Student Surveys became the student voice measure for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation project on Measures of Effective Teaching (MET). [10] From 2009-2013, the MET project engaged nearly 3,000 K–12 teachers in multiple school districts to administer Tripod surveys. [8] Tripod surveys have also gone international, reaching classrooms in the US, China, and Canada. [8] These surveys ask students to agree or disagree with factual questions relating to good teaching practices, such as "Our class stays busy and does not waste time", rather than asking whether the student likes the teacher or would recommend them to others. [9]
In 2005, Ferguson became the faculty director and co-chair with professors Charles Ogletree and Richard Murnane of the Achievement Gap Initiative (AGI) at Harvard University. [11] He served as a Senior Lecturer in Education and Public Policy with a joint appointment to the Harvard Graduate School of Education and the Harvard Kennedy School. Ferguson also served as a fellow for the Malcolm Wiener Center for Social Policy. [12]
In 2014, Ferguson co-founded The Tripod Education Partners, Inc. [13] [14]
In 2017, Ferguson founded The Basics, Inc., a nonprofit aimed to improve the basic foundational skills of early childhood caregiving and development, which stems from works of the Academic Gap Initiative. [13] Additionally, he is one of the co-owners of Freshpond Education, Inc. [13]
In 2024, The Basics, Inc. has affiliated communities in the US, Australia, Brazil, and Bermuda. [13]
Beginning in 1980, Ferguson initially concentrated his research on the issues surrounding economic and community development. Later this resulted in the publication of his social science synthesis volume Urban Problems and Community Development (1999). [13] Gradually, in the latter portion of the decade, Ferguson's research shifted and began to focus on education and youth development. His work has been published by numerous organizations including, but not limited to, the U.S. Department of Education, the National Research Council, and the Brookings Institution. [13]
In December 2007, Ferguson's book Toward Excellence with Equity: An Emerging Vision for Closing the Achievement Gap was published by Harvard Education Press and released to the public. [13]
Ferguson's research for the past decade has focused on education and school improvement, with a focus on racial achievement gaps. [8]
Ronald Ferguson has been married for 38 years to his spouse. [13] He is the father of two adult sons. [13]
Education reform is the name given to the goal of changing public education. The meaning and education methods have changed through debates over what content or experiences result in an educated individual or an educated society. Historically, the motivations for reform have not reflected the current needs of society. A consistent theme of reform includes the idea that large systematic changes to educational standards will produce social returns in citizens' health, wealth, and well-being.
The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) was a U.S. Act of Congress promoted by the presidency of George W. Bush. It reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and included Title I provisions applying to disadvantaged students. It mandated standards-based education reform based on the premise that setting high standards and establishing measurable goals could improve individual outcomes in education. To receive federal school funding, states had to create and give assessments to all students at select grade levels.
Oppositional culture, also known as the "blocked opportunities framework" or the "caste theory of education", is a term most commonly used in studying the sociology of education to explain racial disparities in educational achievement, particularly between white and black Americans. However, the term refers to any subculture's rejection of conformity to prevailing norms and values, not just nonconformity within the educational system. Thus many criminal gangs and religious cults could also be considered oppositional cultures.
Thomas Joseph Kane is an American education economist who currently holds the position of Walter H. Gale Professor of Education and Economics at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. He has performed research on education policy, labour economics and econometrics. During Bill Clinton's first term as U.S. President, Kane served on the Council of Economic Advisers.
Eric Alan Hanushek is an economist who has written prolifically on public policy with a special emphasis on the economics of education. Since 2000, he has been a Paul and Jean Hanna Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, an American public policy think tank located at Stanford University in California. He was awarded the Yidan Prize for Education Research in 2021.
Susan Neuman is an educator, researcher, and education policy-maker in early childhood and literacy development. In 2013, she became Professor of Early Childhood and Literacy Education, and Chair of the Department of Teaching and Learning at NYU's Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development.
The Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL) is a global research center based at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology aimed to reducing poverty by ensuring that policy is informed by rigorous, scientific evidence. J-PAL funds, provides technical support to, and disseminates the results of randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of social interventions in health, education, agriculture, and a range of other fields. As of 2020, the J-PAL network consisted of 500 researchers and 400 staff, and the organization's programs had impacted over 400 million people globally. The organization has regional offices in seven countries around the world, and is headquartered near the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
As an educational reform goal, class size reduction (CSR) aims to increase the number of individualized student-teacher interactions intended to improve student learning. A reform long holding theoretical attraction to many constituencies, some have claimed CSR as the most studied educational reform of the last century. Until recently, interpretations of these studies have often been contentious. Some educational groups like the American Federation of Teachers and National Education Association are in favor of reducing class sizes. Others argue that class size reduction has little effect on student achievement. Many are concerned about the costs of reducing class sizes.
Value-added modeling is a method of teacher evaluation that measures the teacher's contribution in a given year by comparing the current test scores of their students to the scores of those same students in previous school years, as well as to the scores of other students in the same grade. In this manner, value-added modeling seeks to isolate the contribution, or value added, that each teacher provides in a given year, which can be compared to the performance measures of other teachers. VAMs are considered to be fairer than simply comparing student achievement scores or gain scores without considering potentially confounding context variables like past performance or income. It is also possible to use this approach to estimate the value added by the school principal or the school as a whole.
Rennie Center for Education Research & Policy is a small, nonprofit, public policy think tank, located in Boston, Massachusetts, that “seeks to foster thoughtful public discourse and informed policy making through non-partisan, independent research and constructive dialogue on key education reform issues.” The Rennie Center's mission is “to develop a public agenda that promotes significant improvement of public education in Massachusetts,” and its work includes the production of research reports and briefs, public forums on a variety of education topics, and work in school districts on labor-management collaboration.
Teacher quality assessment commonly includes reviews of qualifications, tests of teacher knowledge, observations of practice, and measurements of student learning gains. Assessments of teacher quality are currently used for policymaking, employment and tenure decisions, teacher evaluations, merit pay awards, and as data to inform the professional growth of teachers.
The racial achievement gap in the United States refers to disparities in educational achievement between differing ethnic/racial groups. It manifests itself in a variety of ways: African-American and Hispanic students are more likely to earn lower grades, score lower on standardized tests, drop out of high school, and they are less likely to enter and complete college than whites, while whites score lower than Asian Americans.
Ronald Eugene Anderson, also known as Ron Anderson, was an American sociologist. He was a Professor Emeritus at University of Minnesota in Twin Cities where he taught sociology from 1968 to 2005. His early work focused on social and institutional factors shaping the diffusion of technology-based teaching. Since 2007, his work has focused on web-based compassion and world suffering.
Children's rights education is the teaching and practice of children's rights in schools, educational programmes or institutions, as informed by and consistent with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. When fully implemented, a children's rights education program consists of both a curriculum to teach children their human rights, and framework to operate the school in a manner that respects children's rights. Articles 29 and 42 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child require children to be educated about their rights.
"Effective Schools" is both an educational movement and body of research which examines school-based factors which positively influence learning outcomes in K-12 schools. Effective schools research has been widely adopted by school districts worldwide.
Ronald R. Edmonds was an American educator, author, and pioneer of effective schools research.
Practice Makes Perfect Holdings (PMP) is a for-profit corporation that partners with communities to create summer enrichment programs for inner-city youth from elementary school to college matriculation using a near-peer model. The organization pairs skills development for younger students with leadership development, career training and college prep for older students. PMP matches academically struggling elementary and middle school students with older, higher achieving mentor peers from the same inner-city neighborhoods. Trained college interns and certified teachers supervise the near-peer relationship for a five-week program.
Susanna Loeb is an American education economist and director of the Annenberg Institute at Brown University. She was previously the Barnett Family Professor of Education at the Stanford Graduate School of Education, where she also served as founding director of the Center for Education Policy Analysis (CEPA). Moreover, she directs Policy Analysis for California Education (PACE). Her research interests include the economics of education and the relationship between schools and educational policies, in particular school finance and teacher labor markets.
Jonah E. Rockoff is an American education economist and currently works as Professor of Finance and Economics at the Columbia Graduate School of Business. Rockoff's research interests include the economics of education and public finance. His research on the management of public schools has been awarded the 2016 George S. Eccles Research Award in Finance and Economics by Columbia Business School.
Helen F. Ladd is an education economist who currently works as the Susan B. King Professor Emeritus of Public Policy and Economics at Duke University's Sanford School of Public Policy. In recognition of her research on the economics of education, she has been elected to the National Academy for Education and the National Academy of Sciences.