Electric power distribution is the final stage in the delivery of electricity. Electricity is carried from the transmission system to individual consumers. Distribution substations connect to the transmission system and lower the transmission voltage to medium voltage ranging between 2 kV and 33 kV with the use of transformers. Primary distribution lines carry this medium voltage power to distribution transformers located near the customer's premises. Distribution transformers again lower the voltage to the utilization voltage used by lighting, industrial equipment and household appliances. Often several customers are supplied from one transformer through secondary distribution lines. Commercial and residential customers are connected to the secondary distribution lines through service drops. Customers demanding a much larger amount of power may be connected directly to the primary distribution level or the subtransmission level.
A microgrid is a local electrical grid with defined electrical boundaries, acting as a single and controllable entity. It is able to operate in grid-connected and in island mode. A 'stand-alone microgrid' or 'isolated microgrid' only operates off-the-grid and cannot be connected to a wider electric power system. Very small microgrids are called nanogrids.
Characteristic modes (CM) form a set of functions which, under specific boundary conditions, diagonalizes operator relating field and induced sources. Under certain conditions, the set of the CM is unique and complete (at least theoretically) and thereby capable of describing the behavior of a studied object in full.
In electromagnetism, excitation is the process of generating a magnetic field by means of an electric current.
GridLAB-D is an open-source simulation and analysis tool that models emerging smart grid energy technologies. It couples power flow calculations with distribution automation models, building energy use and appliance demand models, and market models. It is used primarily to estimate the benefits and impacts of smart grid technology.
Ignacio J. Pérez Arriaga is a Spanish professor of Engineering, Economics and Regulation of the Electric Power Sector, currently at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the ICAI School of Engineering, Florence School of Regulation and African School of Regulation. He is a life member of the Royal Academy of Engineering of Spain. He has been a major contributor across the spectrum of electric power systems, from system dynamic analysis, monitoring and diagnosis at the start of his academic career, to economic and regulatory analysis.
Roy Billinton is a Canadian scholar and a Distinguished Emeritus Professor at the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. In 2008, Billinton won the IEEE Canada Electric Power Medal for his research and application of reliability concepts in electric power system. In 2007, Billinton was elected a Foreign Associate of the United States National Academy of Engineering for "contributions to teaching, research and application of reliability engineering in electric power generation, transmission, and distribution systems."
Steven H. Low is a Professor of the Computing and Mathematical Sciences Department and the Electrical Engineering Department at the California Institute of Technology. He is known for his work on the theory and mathematical modeling of Internet congestion control, algorithms, and optimization in power systems.
Wide-area damping control (WADC) is a class of automatic control systems used to provide stability augmentation to modern electrical power systems known as smart grids. Actuation for the controller is provided via modulation of capable active or reactive power devices throughout the grid. Such actuators are most commonly previously-existing power system devices, such as high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines and static VAR compensators (SVCs) which serve primary purposes not directly related to the WADC application. However, damping may be achieved with the utilization of other devices installed with the express purpose of stability augmentation, including energy storage technologies. Wide-area instability of a large electrical grid unequipped with a WADC is the result of the loss of generator rotor synchronicity, and is typically envisioned as a generator oscillating with an undamped exponential trajectory as the result of insufficient damping torque.
An implantable myoelectric sensor (IMES) is a sensor implanted in or near a muscular region of the body in order to read the electric outputs of the muscles. This allows the device to measure the exact degree of activation of the muscle. This device is primarily used in disabled individuals as a detection module that feeds information regarding movement to externally powered and controlled prosthetics. The IMES was invented by Dr. Richard F. ff. Weir of the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago and Dr. Philip Troyk of the Illinois Institute of Technology, with the first experimental studies performed by Jack F. Schorsch of the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago.
Ujjwal Maulik is an Indian computer scientist and educator. He is a professor and former head of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. He has worked in many countries including India, US, Germany, France, Australia, China, Italy, Poland, Mexico, Slovenia and Hungary. He also held the position of the principal-in-charge and the head of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Kalyani Government Engineering College.
An event camera, also known as a neuromorphic camera, silicon retina or dynamic vision sensor, is an imaging sensor that responds to local changes in brightness. Event cameras do not capture images using a shutter as conventional (frame) cameras do. Instead, each pixel inside an event camera operates independently and asynchronously, reporting changes in brightness as they occur, and staying silent otherwise.
Gabriela Hug-Glanzmann is a Swiss electrical engineer and an associate professor and Principal Investigator of the Power Systems Laboratory at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich within the Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering. Hug studies the control and optimization of electrical power systems with a focus on sustainable energy.
Daniel W. Bliss is an American professor, engineer, and physicist. He is a Fellow of the IEEE and was awarded the IEEE Warren D. White award for outstanding technical advances in the art of radar engineering in 2021 for his contributions to MIMO radar, Multiple-Function Sensing and Communications Systems, and Novel Small-Scale Radar Applications. He is a professor in the School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering at Arizona State University. He is also the director of the Center for Wireless Information Systems and Computational Architecture (WISCA).
Mini Shaji Thomas is the Former Director of National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli from 2016 - 2021. Thomas was the first female and 8th director of the Institute since it was founded in 1964. Currently she is the Dean of Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi
Small object detection is a particular case of object detection where various techniques are employed to detect small objects in digital images and videos. "Small objects" are objects having a small pixel footprint in the input image. In areas such as aerial imagery, state-of-the-art object detection techniques under performed because of small objects.
Load serving entity (LSE) in a deregulated electricity market is a company or government agency that is obligated by law or via a long-term contract to provide electrical power to end-users. The term is used in regulation, yet is vague and thus subject to prolonged political wrangling. For example, the US law defines an LSE as an obligation-bound provider of electricity directly to consumers or to a utility that serves the consumers. FERC defines the LSE as "any entity, including a load aggregator or power marketer, that serves end-users within a control area and has been granted the authority or has an obligation pursuant to state or local law, regulation, or franchise to sell electric energy to end-users located within the control area".
Manish Parashar is a Presidential Professor in the School of Computing, Director of the Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute and Chair in Computational Science and Engineering at the University of Utah. He also currently serves as Office Director in the US National Science Foundation’s Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure. Parashar is the editor-in-chief of IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, and Founding Chair of the IEEE Technical Community on High Performance Computing. He is an AAAS Fellow, ACM Fellow, and IEEE Fellow.
Innocent Kamwa is a Canadian electrical engineer who is a professor and Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Decentralised Sustainable Electricity Grids for Smart Communities at Université Laval. He was elected a Fellow of the National Academy of Engineering in 2022.
Mario Veiga Ferraz Pereira is a Brazilian scientist and engineer known as Mario Veiga in Brazil and Mario Pereira outside Brazil. He founded PSR, a consulting and software development company in the energy sector. He is best known for his work in electrical engineering and operations research. Mario Pereira is also known for developing the Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming algorithm, used to solve multistage stochastic programming problems, in particular in the context of power system operation and planning.
