Semaphorin-4A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEMA4A gene. [5] [6]
Semaphorin-4A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEMA4A gene. [5] [6]
SEMA4A is a member of the semaphorin family of soluble and transmembrane proteins. Semaphorins are involved in guidance of axonal migration during neuronal development and in immune responses.[supplied by OMIM] [6]
A germline variant in SEMA4A (V78M) has been demonstrated to confer risk for colorectal cancer type X. [7]
Recently it has been identified as a novel therapeutic target in Multiple myeloma. [8]
Semaphorins are a class of secreted and membrane proteins that were originally identified as axonal growth cone guidance molecules. They primarily act as short-range inhibitory signals and signal through multimeric receptor complexes. Semaphorins are usually cues to deflect axons from inappropriate regions, especially important in the neural system development. The major class of proteins that act as their receptors are called plexins, with neuropilins as their co-receptors in many cases. The main receptors for semaphorins are plexins, which have established roles in regulating Rho-family GTPases. Recent work shows that plexins can also influence R-Ras, which, in turn, can regulate integrins. Such regulation is probably a common feature of semaphorin signalling and contributes substantially to our understanding of semaphorin biology.
A plexin is a protein which acts as a receptor for semaphorin family signaling proteins. It is classically known for its expression on the surface of axon growth cones and involvement in signal transduction to steer axon growth away from the source of semaphorin. Plexin also has implications in development of other body systems by activating GTPase enzymes to induce a number of intracellular biochemical changes leading to a variety of downstream effects.
Neuropilin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NRP1 gene. In humans, the neuropilin 1 gene is located at 10p11.22. This is one of two human neuropilins.
Semaphorin-3A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEMA3A gene.
PR domain zinc finger protein 1, or B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (BLIMP-1), is a protein in humans encoded by the gene PRDM1 located on chromosome 6q21. BLIMP-1 is considered a 'master regulator' of hematopoietic stem cells, and plays a critical role in the development of plasma B cells, T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and osteoclasts. Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) can activate BLIMP-1, both as a direct target and through downstream activation. BLIMP-1 is a transcription factor that triggers expression of many downstream signaling cascades. As a fine-tuned and contextual rheostat of the immune system, BLIMP-1 up- or down-regulates immune responses depending on the precise scenarios. BLIMP-1 is highly expressed in exhausted T-cells – clones of dysfunctional T-cells with diminished functions due to chronic immune response against cancer, viral infections, or organ transplant.
Semaphorin-4D (SEMA4D) also known as Cluster of Differentiation 100 (CD100), is a protein of the semaphorin family that in humans is encoded by the SEMA4D gene.
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRB2 gene.
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRB4 gene.
Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVcr-1) also known as T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAVCR1 gene.
Semaphorin-3F is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEMA3F gene.
B-cell maturation antigen, also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 17 (TNFRSF17), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFRSF17 gene.
Semaphorin-3B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEMA3B gene.
Semaphorin-3C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEMA3C gene.
Plexin-A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLXNA1 gene.
Semaphorin 7A, GPI membrane anchor (SEMA7A) also known as CD108, is a human gene.
Semaphorin-5A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEMA5A gene.
Semaphorin-4B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEMA4B gene.
Semaphorin-6C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEMA6C gene.
Semaphorin-6A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEMA6A gene.
Semaphorin-4G is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEMA4G gene.
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