| SENP1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Aliases | SENP1 , SuPr-2, SUMO1/sentrin specific peptidase 1, SUMO specific peptidase 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 612157 MGI: 2445054 HomoloGene: 8731 GeneCards: SENP1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sentrin-specific protease 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SENP1 gene. [5] [6] [7]
So far there are six SUMO proteases in humans that have been designated SENP1-3 and SENP5-7 (sentrin/SUMO-specific protease).1 The six proteases possess a conserved C-terminal domain which are variable in size, and with a distinct N-terminal domain between them. The C-terminal domain shows catalytic activity and N-terminal domain regulates cell localization and substrate specificity. [8]
SENP1 (Sentrin-specific protease 1) is a human protease of 643 amino acids with a weight of 73 kDa, EC number in humans 3.4.22.B70, which adopts a conformation that identifies it as a member of the superfamily of cysteine proteases contain a catalytic triad with characterized three amino acids: a cysteine at position 603, a histidine at position 533 and aspartic acid at position 550. The important nucleophile is cysteine located at the N-terminal alpha helix of the protein core, the other two amino acids, aspartate and histidine, are located in a beta sheet end. [9]
Both SENP1 are located in the nucleus and cytosol depending on the cell type, although it has been seen that is exported out from the nucleus to the cytosol through a sequence of nuclear export (NES) that is located at the C-terminus. The mammalian SENP1 is localized mainly in the nucleus. [10]
SENP1 catalyzes maturation SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier), which causes hydrolysis peptide bond of SUMO is in a conserved sequence Gly-Gly-|-Ala-Thr-Tyr at the C-terminal [11] to be added to the conjugation of other proteins (sumoylation). [12] In vertebrates there are three members of the family of SUMO: SUMO-1, -2 and -3. SENP1 can catalyze any of these three. This conjugation of SUMO toward other proteins is a lot like ubiquitination, however these modifications leads to different results depending on the type of protein been modified. [13]
In molecular biology, SUMOproteins are a family of small proteins that are covalently attached to and detached from other proteins in cells to modify their function. This process is called SUMOylation. SUMOylation is a post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes, such as nuclear-cytosolic transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, protein stability, response to stress, and progression through the cell cycle.
Caspase-3 is a caspase protein that interacts with caspase-8 and caspase-9. It is encoded by the CASP3 gene. CASP3 orthologs have been identified in numerous mammals for which complete genome data are available. Unique orthologs are also present in birds, lizards, lissamphibians, and teleosts.
Small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SUMO1 gene.
Nucleophosmin (NPM), also known as nucleolar phosphoprotein B23 or numatrin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NPM1 gene.
NEDD8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NEDD8 gene. This ubiquitin-like (UBL) protein becomes covalently conjugated to a limited number of cellular proteins, in a process called NEDDylation similar to ubiquitination. Human NEDD8 shares 60% amino acid sequence identity to ubiquitin. The primary known substrates of NEDD8 modification are the cullin subunits of cullin-based E3 ubiquitin ligases, which are active only when NEDDylated. Their NEDDylation is critical for the recruitment of E2 to the ligase complex, thus facilitating ubiquitin conjugation. NEDD8 modification has therefore been implicated in cell cycle progression and cytoskeletal regulation.
Syntaxin-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX4 gene.
Nucleoporin 153 (Nup153) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the NUP153 gene. It is an essential component of the basket of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) in vertebrates, and required for the anchoring of NPCs. It also acts as the docking site of an importing karyopherin. On the cytoplasmic side of the NPC, Nup358 fulfills an analogous role.
Cathepsin D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTSD gene. This gene encodes a lysosomal aspartyl protease composed of a protein dimer of disulfide-linked heavy and light chains, both produced from a single protein precursor. Cathepsin D is an aspartic endo-protease that is ubiquitously distributed in lysosomes. The main function of cathepsin D is to degrade proteins and activate precursors of bioactive proteins in pre-lysosomal compartments. This proteinase, which is a member of the peptidase A1 family, has a specificity similar to but narrower than that of pepsin A. Transcription of the CTSD gene is initiated from several sites, including one that is a start site for an estrogen-regulated transcript. Mutations in this gene are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including breast cancer and possibly Alzheimer disease. Homozygous deletion of the CTSD gene leads to early lethality in the postnatal phase. Deficiency of CTSD gene has been reported an underlying cause of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL).
Small ubiquitin-related modifier 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SUMO3 gene.
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene SLC22A1.
Syntaxin-binding protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STXBP3 gene.
SUMO1/sentrin/SMT3 specific peptidase 3, also known as SENP3, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SENP3 gene.
NEDD8 ultimate buster 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NUB1 gene.
Prostasin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRSS8 gene.
NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NLRC4 gene.
Sentrin-specific protease 6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SENP6 gene.
Sentrin-specific protease 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SENP2 gene.
Sentrin-specific protease 8 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SENP8 gene.
Sentrin-specific protease 7 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SENP7 gene.
Ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) are a family of small proteins involved in post-translational modification of other proteins in a cell, usually with a regulatory function. The UBL protein family derives its name from the first member of the class to be discovered, ubiquitin (Ub), best known for its role in regulating protein degradation through covalent modification of other proteins. Following the discovery of ubiquitin, many additional evolutionarily related members of the group were described, involving parallel regulatory processes and similar chemistry. UBLs are involved in a widely varying array of cellular functions including autophagy, protein trafficking, inflammation and immune responses, transcription, DNA repair, RNA splicing, and cellular differentiation.
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