SMS V188

History
German Empire
Name	SMS V188
Builder	AG Vulcan, Stettin
Launched	8 February 1911
Completed	20 May 1911
Fate	Torpedoed 26 July 1915
General characteristics
Class and type	S138-class torpedo boat
Displacement	650 t (640 long tons) design
Length	73.9 m (242 ft 5 in) o/a
Beam	7.9 m (25 ft 11 in)
Draught	3.1 m (10 ft 2 in)
Installed power	18,000 PS (18,000 shp; 13,000 kW)
Propulsion	3 × boilers 2 × steam turbines
Speed	32 kn (37 mph; 59 km/h)
Complement	84
Armament	2× 8.8 cm guns 4× 50 cm torpedo tubes

SMS V188 ^{[lower-alpha 1] [lower-alpha 2]} was a S-138-class large torpedo boat of the Imperial German Navy. It was built by the AG Vulcan shipyard at Stettin between 1910 and 1911 and launched on 8 February 1911.

V188 took part the First World War. She was present at the Battle of Heligoland Bight in August 1914 and was sunk by the British submarine E16 on 26 July 1915.

Construction and design

The Imperial German Navy ordered 12 large torpedo boats (Große Torpedoboote) as part of the fiscal year 1910 shipbuilding programme, with one half-flotilla of six ships (V186–V191) ordered from AG Vulcan and the other six ships from Germaniawerft. ^[2] The two groups of torpedo boats were of basically similar layout but differed slightly in detailed design, with a gradual evolution of design and increase in displacement with each year's orders. ^[3]

V188 was 73.9 metres (242 ft 5 in) long overall and 73.6 metres (241 ft 6 in) between perpendiculars, with a beam of 7.9 metres (25 ft 11 in) and a draught of 3.1 metres (10 ft 2 in). The ship displaced 666 tonnes (655 long tons) design and 775 tonnes (763 long tons) deep load. ^[2]

Three coal-fired and one oil-fired water-tube boiler fed steam at a pressure of 18.5 standard atmospheres (272 psi) to two sets of direct-drive steam turbines. The ship's machinery was rated at 18,000 PS (18,000 shp; 13,000 kW) giving a design speed of 32 knots (37 mph; 59 km/h), with members of the class reaching a speed of 33.5 knots (38.6 mph; 62.0 km/h) during sea trials. ^[4] 136 tons of coal and 67 tons of oil fuel were carried, giving an endurance of 2,360 nautical miles (2,720 mi; 4,370 km) at 12 knots (14 mph; 22 km/h), 1,250 nautical miles (1,440 mi; 2,320 km) at 17 knots (20 mph; 31 km/h) or 480 nautical miles (550 mi; 890 km) at 30 knots (35 mph; 56 km/h). ^[2]

The ship was armed with two 8.8 cm L/45 guns, ^{[5] [lower-alpha 3]} one on the Forecastle and one aft. Four single 50 cm (19.7 in) torpedo tubes were fitted, with two on the ship's beam in the gap between the forecastle and the ship's bridge which were capable of firing straight ahead, one between the ship's two funnels, and one aft of the funnels. ^{[2] [6]} The ship had a crew of 84 officers and men. ^[2]

V188 was laid down at AG Vulcan's Stettin shipyard as Yard number 306 and was launched on 8 February 1911 and completed on 20 May 1911. ^[7]

Service

First World War

On 28 August 1914, the British Harwich Force, supported by light cruisers and battlecruisers of the Grand Fleet, carried out a raid towards Heligoland with the intention of destroying patrolling German torpedo boats. ^[8] The German defensive patrols around Heligoland consisted of one flotilla (I Torpedo Flotilla) of 12 modern torpedo boats forming an outer patrol line about 25 nautical miles (29 mi; 46 km) North and West of Heligoland, with an inner line of older torpedo boats of the 3rd Minesweeping Division at about 12 nautical miles (14 mi; 22 km). Four German light cruisers and another flotilla of torpedo boats (V Torpedo Boat Flotilla) was in the vicinity of Heligoland. V188 , a member of the 1st Half Flotilla of I Torpedo Boat Flotilla, formed part of the outer screen of torpedo boats. ^[9] At about 06:00 on 28 August, G194, another member of the outer screen reported spotting the periscope of a submarine. As a result, the 5th Torpedo Boat Flotilla was ordered out to hunt the hostile submarine. At 07:57 G194 was fired on by British warships, and was soon retreating towards Heligoland, pursued by four British destroyers. V Flotilla and the old torpedo boats of the 3rd Minesweeping Division also came under British fire, and were only saved by the intervention of the German cruisers Stettin and Frauenlob, with the torpedo boats V1, D8 and T33 damaged. On receiving a radio signal from G194 that she was being chased by superior forces, V188 set course at full speed towards Heligoland. She turned southwards to avoid British light cruisers, escaping to Heligoland and therefore avoided the fate of V187, leader of I Flotilla, the next ship to the north in the patrol line, which was trapped by cruisers and destroyers of the Harwich Force and sunk. The intervention of the supporting British forces resulted in the sinking of the German cruisers Mainz, Cöln and Ariadne. The British light cruiser Arethusa and destroyers Laurel, Laertes and Liberty were badly damaged but safely returned to base. ^{[10] [11]}

On the evening of 12 April 1915, the German airship L7 sighted a British light cruiser and five surfaced submarines in the Heligoland Bight. I Flotilla was ordered out to attack the submarines, but V188, V189 and G197 collided in thick fog, disabling the three ships and causing the sortie to be aborted. ^[12] On 26 July 1915, the 2nd Half-flotilla of I Flotilla, including V188 was escorting minesweepers when the British submarine E16 spotted the torpedo boats and torpedoed V188, blowing off the torpedo boat's stern and sinking her. ^[13] Two of V188's crew were killed. ^[7]

Notes

1. "SMS" stands for " Seiner Majestät Schiff " (transl. His Majesty's Ship)
2. The "V" in V188 denoted the shipbuilder who constructed her, in this case AG Vulcan. ^[1]
3. Both Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships ^[2] and Jane's Fighting Ships ^[6] claim L/30 guns were fitted.

Citations

1. Gardiner & Gray 1985, p. 164
2. Gardiner & Gray 1985 , pp. 166–167
3. Gardiner & Gray 1985 , pp. 164, 167
4. Gröner, Jung & Maass 1983 , p. 46
5. Gröner, Jung & Maass 1983 , p. 47
6. Moore 1990, p. 118
7. Gröner, Jung & Maass 1983 , pp. 46, 49
8. Massie 2007 , pp. 97–101
9. Naval Staff Monograph No. 11 1921 , pp. 122–123, 162
10. Naval Staff Monograph No. 11 1921 , pp. 123–125
11. Massie 2007 , pp. 104–113
12. Naval Staff Monograph No. 29 1925 , pp. 185–186
13. Naval Staff Monograph No. 30 1926 , pp. 58–59

References

• Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN   0-85177-245-5.
• Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1983). Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe 1815–1945: Band 2: Torpedoboote, Zerstörer, Schnellboote, Minensuchboote, Minenräumboote (in German). Koblenz: Bernard & Graef Verlag. ISBN   3-7637-4801-6.
• Massie, Robert K. (2007). Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany and the Winning of the Great War at Sea. London: Vintage Books. ISBN   978-0-099-52378-9.
• Moore, John (1990). Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I. London: Studio. ISBN   1-85170-378-0.
• Monograph No. 11: The Battle of the Heligoland Bight, August 28th, 1914 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). Vol. III. Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1921. pp. 108–166.
• Monograph No. 29: Home Waters—Part IV.: From February to May 1915 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). Vol. XIII. Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1925.
• Monograph No. 30: Home Waters—Part V.: From July to October 1915 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). Vol. XIV. Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1926.