SPAM1

SPAM1
Identifiers
Aliases	SPAM1 , HEL-S-96n, HYA1, HYAL1, HYAL3, HYAL5, PH-20, PH20, SPAG15, sperm adhesion molecule 1
External IDs	OMIM: 600930; MGI: 1921718; HomoloGene: 50610; GeneCards: SPAM1; OMA:SPAM1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (human)
End	123,971,414 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 6 (mouse)
End	24,891,957 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	sperm; ; gastrocnemius muscle; ; duodenum; ; placenta; ; thigh; ; monocyte; ; myometrium; ; integument; ; right adrenal gland; ; zone of skin;
	Top expressed in
	spermatid; ; seminiferous tubule; ; spermatocyte; ; secondary oocyte; ; ileum; ; sexually immature organism; ; lens; ; islet of Langerhans; ; foregut; ; stomach;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	hyalurononglucosaminidase activity ; catalytic activity ; hydrolase activity ; hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds ;
Cellular component	anchored component of membrane ; plasma membrane ; membrane ;
Biological process	fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in single fertilization ; metabolism ; cell adhesion ; binding of sperm to zona pellucida ; sperm-egg recognition ; carbohydrate metabolic process ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	6677
	74468
	ENSG00000106304
	ENSMUSG00000029678
	P38567
	Q812F3
	NM_001174044 ; NM_001174045 ; NM_001174046 ; NM_003117 ; NM_153189
	NM_028957
	NP_001167515 ; NP_001167516 ; NP_001167517 ; NP_003108 ; NP_694859
	NP_083233
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated June 03, 2024

Hyaluronidase PH-20 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SPAM1 gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Hyaluronidase degrades hyaluronic acid, a major structural proteoglycan found in extracellular matrices and basement membranes. Six members of the hyaluronidase family are clustered into two tightly linked groups on chromosome 3p21.3 and 7q31.3. This gene was previously referred to as HYAL1 and HYA1 and has since been assigned the official symbol SPAM1; another family member on chromosome 3p21.3 has been assigned HYAL1. This gene encodes a GPI-anchored enzyme located on the human sperm surface and inner acrosomal membrane. This multifunctional protein is a hyaluronidase that enables sperm to penetrate through the hyaluronic acid-rich cumulus cell layer surrounding the oocyte, a receptor that plays a role in hyaluronic acid induced cell signaling, and a receptor that is involved in sperm-zona pellucida adhesion. Abnormal expression of this gene in tumors has implicated this protein in degradation of basement membranes leading to tumor invasion and metastasis. Multiple protein isoforms are encoded by transcript variants of this gene.^[7]

Related Research Articles

Hyaluronidases are a family of enzymes that catalyse the degradation of hyaluronic acid. Karl Meyer classified these enzymes in 1971, into three distinct groups, a scheme based on the enzyme reaction products. The three main types of hyaluronidases are two classes of eukaryotic endoglycosidase hydrolases and a prokaryotic lyase-type of glycosidase.

Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 15 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADAM15 gene.

Collagen alpha-1(XVIII) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL18A1 gene.

Collagen alpha-4(IV) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL4A4 gene.

Hyaluronidase-2 is a multifunctional protein, previously thought to only possess acid-active hyaluronan-degrading enzymatic function. In humans it is encoded by the HYAL2 gene.

Matrix metalloproteinase-16 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MMP16 gene.

Neuronal cell adhesion molecule is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NRCAM gene.

Integrin alpha-9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA9 gene. Cytogenetic location: 3p22.2

Matrilin-2 is a matrilin protein that in humans is encoded by the MATN2 gene.

Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLOD3 gene.

Protocadherin-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PCDH8 gene.

Interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycan 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IMPG1 gene.

Glypican-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPC5 gene.

Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 11 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADAM11 gene.

Caveolin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAV2 gene.

Protocadherin alpha-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PCDHA3 gene.

Hyaluronidase-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HYAL3 gene.

Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha2delta-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CACNA2D2 gene.

Integrin alpha-10 also known as ITGA10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA10 gene.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 56 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000106304 – Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029678 – Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Gmachl M, Sagan S, Ketter S, Kreil G (Feb 1994). "The human sperm protein PH-20 has hyaluronidase activity". FEBS Lett. 336 (3): 545–8. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(93)80873-S . PMID 8282124. S2CID 46082782.
↑ Jones MH, Davey PM, Aplin H, Affara NA (Mar 1996). "Expression analysis, genomic structure, and mapping to 7q31 of the human sperm adhesion molecule gene SPAM1". Genomics. 29 (3): 796–800. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.9931. PMID 8575780.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: SPAM1 sperm adhesion molecule 1 (PH-20 hyaluronidase, zona pellucida binding)".

Jansen S, Ekhlasi-Hundrieser M, Töpfer-Petersen E (2001). "Sperm adhesion molecules: structure and function". Cells Tissues Organs (Print). 168 (1–2): 82–92. doi:10.1159/000016809. PMID 11114590. S2CID 20490883.
Csoka AB, Frost GI, Stern R (2002). "The six hyaluronidase-like genes in the human and mouse genomes". Matrix Biol. 20 (8): 499–508. doi:10.1016/S0945-053X(01)00172-X. PMID 11731267.
Cherr GN, Yudin AI, Overstreet JW (2002). "The dual functions of GPI-anchored PH-20: hyaluronidase and intracellular signaling". Matrix Biol. 20 (8): 515–25. doi:10.1016/S0945-053X(01)00171-8. PMID 11731269.
Lathrop WF, Carmichael EP, Myles DG, Primakoff P (1991). "cDNA cloning reveals the molecular structure of a sperm surface protein, PH-20, involved in sperm-egg adhesion and the wide distribution of its gene among mammals". J. Cell Biol. 111 (6 Pt 2): 2939–49. doi:10.1083/jcb.111.6.2939. PMC 2116349 . PMID 2269661.
Lin Y, Mahan K, Lathrop WF, et al. (1994). "A hyaluronidase activity of the sperm plasma membrane protein PH-20 enables sperm to penetrate the cumulus cell layer surrounding the egg". J. Cell Biol. 125 (5): 1157–63. doi:10.1083/jcb.125.5.1157. PMC 2120058 . PMID 8195297.
Lin Y, Kimmel LH, Myles DG, Primakoff P (1993). "Molecular cloning of the human and monkey sperm surface protein PH-20". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (21): 10071–5. Bibcode:1993PNAS...9010071L. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.21.10071 . PMC 47715 . PMID 8234258.
Csóka AB, Scherer SW, Stern R (1999). "Expression analysis of six paralogous human hyaluronidase genes clustered on chromosomes 3p21 and 7q31". Genomics. 60 (3): 356–61. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5876. PMID 10493834.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932.
Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, et al. (2003). "Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology". Science. 300 (5620): 767–72. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..767S. doi:10.1126/science.1083423. PMC 2882961 . PMID 12690205.
Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, et al. (2003). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7". Nature. 424 (6945): 157–64. Bibcode:2003Natur.424..157H. doi: 10.1038/nature01782 . PMID 12853948.
Evans EA, Zhang H, Martin-DeLeon PA (2004). "SPAM1 (PH-20) protein and mRNA expression in the epididymides of humans and macaques: utilizing laser microdissection/RT-PCR". Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 1 (1): 54. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-1-54 . PMC 184449 . PMID 12932297.
Dunn CA, Mager DL (2006). "Transcription of the human and rodent SPAM1 / PH-20 genes initiates within an ancient endogenous retrovirus". BMC Genomics. 6: 47. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-6-47 . PMC 1079825 . PMID 15804358.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000106304 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029678 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid8282124-5] Gmachl M, Sagan S, Ketter S, Kreil G (Feb 1994). "The human sperm protein PH-20 has hyaluronidase activity". FEBS Lett. 336 (3): 545–8. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(93)80873-S . PMID 8282124. S2CID 46082782.

[pmid8575780-6] Jones MH, Davey PM, Aplin H, Affara NA (Mar 1996). "Expression analysis, genomic structure, and mapping to 7q31 of the human sperm adhesion molecule gene SPAM1". Genomics. 29 (3): 796–800. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.9931. PMID 8575780.

[entrez-7] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: SPAM1 sperm adhesion molecule 1 (PH-20 hyaluronidase, zona pellucida binding)".

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SPAM1

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading