SPRR3

SPRR3
Identifiers
Aliases	SPRR3 , small proline rich protein 3
External IDs	OMIM: 182271 MGI: 1330237 HomoloGene: 135951 GeneCards: SPRR3
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)
End	153,003,856 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (mouse)
End	92,366,027 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	vagina; ; cervix epithelium; ; esophagus; ; cavity of mouth; ; gums;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	structural molecule activity ; GO:0001948 protein binding ;
Cellular component	extracellular exosome ; cytoplasm ; cornified envelope ; cytosol ; Golgi apparatus ; perinuclear region of cytoplasm ;
Biological process	wound healing ; keratinization ; keratinocyte differentiation ; peptide cross-linking ; epidermis development ; cornification ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	6707
	20766
	ENSG00000163209
	ENSMUSG00000045539
	Q9UBC9
	O09116
	NM_005416 ; NM_001097589
	NM_001204427 ; NM_011478
	NP_001091058 ; NP_005407
	NP_001191356 ; NP_035608
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated April 09, 2022

Small proline-rich protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPRR3 gene,^[5]^[6] which is found within the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC).^[7]

Related Research Articles

Keratinocytes are the primary type of cell found in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. In humans, they constitute 90% of epidermal skin cells. Basal cells in the basal layer of the skin are sometimes referred to as basal keratinocytes. Keratinocytes form a barrier against environmental damage by heat, UV radiation, water loss, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. A number of structural proteins, enzymes, lipids, and antimicrobial peptides contribute to maintain the important barrier function of the skin. Keratinocytes differentiate from epidermal stem cells in the lower part of the epidermis and migrate towards the surface, finally becoming corneocytes and eventually be shed off, which happens every 40 to 56 days in humans.

Keratin 1 is a member of the keratin family. It is specifically expressed in the spinous and granular layers of the epidermis with family member keratin 10. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the variants of bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma in which the palms and soles of the feet are affected.

Desmoplakin is a protein in humans that is encoded by the DSP gene. Desmoplakin is a critical component of desmosome structures in cardiac muscle and epidermal cells, which function to maintain the structural integrity at adjacent cell contacts. In cardiac muscle, desmoplakin is localized to intercalated discs which mechanically couple cardiac cells to function in a coordinated syncytial structure. Mutations in desmoplakin have been shown to play a role in dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, striate palmoplantar keratoderma, Carvajal syndrome and paraneoplastic pemphigus.

Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase K is a transglutaminase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TGM1 gene.

Keratohyalin is a protein structure found in cytoplasmic granules of the keratinocytes in the stratum granulosum of the epidermis. Keratohyalin granules (KHG) mainly consist of keratin, profilaggrin, loricrin and trichohyalin proteins which contribute to cornification or keratinization, the process of the formation of epidermal cornified cell envelope. During the keratinocyte differentiation, these granules maturate and expand in size, which leads to the conversion of keratin tonofilaments into a homogenous keratin matrix, an important step in cornification.

Cystatin-A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CSTA gene.

Involucrin is a protein component of human skin and in humans is encoded by the IVL gene. In binding the protein loricrin, involucrin contributes to the formation of a cell envelope that protects corneocytes in the skin.

Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HHEX gene and also known as Proline Rich Homeodomain protein PRH.

Fatty acid-binding protein, epidermal is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FABP5 gene.

Periplakin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPL gene.

Loricrin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LOR gene.

Caspase 14 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CASP14 gene.

Envoplakin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EVPL gene.

Cornifin-B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPRR1B gene.

Cornifin-A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPRR1A gene.

Periphilin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPHLN1 gene.

Small proline-rich protein 2A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPRR2A gene.

Sciellin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCEL gene.

Trichohyalin is a protein that in mammals is encoded by the TCHH gene.

The epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) is a gene complex comprising over fifty genes encoding proteins involved in the terminal differentiation and cornification of keratinocytes, the primary cell type of the epidermis. In humans, the complex is located on a 1.9 Mbp stretch within chromosome 1q21. The proteins encoded by EDC genes are closely related in terms of function, and evolutionarily they belong to three distinct gene families: the cornified envelope precursor family, the S100 protein family and the S100 fused type protein (SFTP) family.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163209 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000045539 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Gibbs S, Fijneman R, Wiegant J, van Kessel AG, van De Putte P, Backendorf C (June 1993). "Molecular characterization and evolution of the SPRR family of keratinocyte differentiation markers encoding small proline-rich proteins". Genomics. 16 (3): 630–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1240. PMID 8325635.
↑ "Entrez Gene: SPRR3 small proline-rich protein 3".
↑ Kypriotou M, Huber M, Hohl D (September 2012). "The human epidermal differentiation complex: cornified envelope precursors, S100 proteins and the 'fused genes' family". Experimental Dermatology. 21 (9): 643–9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01472.x . PMID 22507538.

Greco MA, Lorand L, Lane WS, Baden HP, Parameswaran KN, Kvedar JC (February 1995). "The pancornulins: a group of small proline rich-related cornified envelope precursors with bifunctional capabilities in isopeptide bond formation". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 104 (2): 204–10. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12612759 . PMID 7829876.
Robinson PA, Marley JJ, High AS, Hume WJ (March 1994). "Differential expression of protease inhibitor and small proline-rich protein genes between normal human oral tissue and odontogenic keratocysts". Archives of Oral Biology. 39 (3): 251–9. doi:10.1016/0003-9969(94)90051-5. PMID 8018055.
Abraham JM, Wang S, Suzuki H, Jiang HY, Rosenblum-Vos LS, Yin J, Meltzer SJ (July 1996). "Esophagin cDNA cloning and characterization: a tissue-specific member of the small proline-rich protein family that is not expressed in esophageal tumors". Cell Growth & Differentiation. 7 (7): 855–60. PMID 8809402.
Steinert PM, Marekov LN (January 1997). "Direct evidence that involucrin is a major early isopeptide cross-linked component of the keratinocyte cornified cell envelope". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (3): 2021–30. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.3.2021 . PMID 8999895.
Steinert PM, Candi E, Kartasova T, Marekov L (1998). "Small proline-rich proteins are cross-bridging proteins in the cornified cell envelopes of stratified squamous epithelia". Journal of Structural Biology. 122 (1–2): 76–85. doi:10.1006/jsbi.1998.3957. PMID 9724607.
Fischer DF, Sark MW, Lehtola MM, Gibbs S, van de Putte P, Backendorf C (January 1999). "Structure and evolution of the human SPRR3 gene: implications for function and regulation". Genomics. 55 (1): 88–99. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5622. PMID 9889002.
Steinert PM, Candi E, Tarcsa E, Marekov LN, Sette M, Paci M, Ciani B, Guerrieri P, Melino G (September 1999). "Transglutaminase crosslinking and structural studies of the human small proline rich 3 protein". Cell Death and Differentiation. 6 (9): 916–30. doi: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400568 . PMID 10510474.
Dias Neto E, Correa RG, Verjovski-Almeida S, Briones MR, Nagai MA, da Silva W, Zago MA, Bordin S, Costa FF, Goldman GH, Carvalho AF, Matsukuma A, Baia GS, Simpson DH, Brunstein A, de Oliveira PS, Bucher P, Jongeneel CV, O'Hare MJ, Soares F, Brentani RR, Reis LF, de Souza SJ, Simpson AJ (March 2000). "Shotgun sequencing of the human transcriptome with ORF expressed sequence tags". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 97 (7): 3491–6. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.3491D. doi: 10.1073/pnas.97.7.3491 . PMC 16267 . PMID 10737800.
Marenholz I, Zirra M, Fischer DF, Backendorf C, Ziegler A, Mischke D (March 2001). "Identification of human epidermal differentiation complex (EDC)-encoded genes by subtractive hybridization of entire YACs to a gridded keratinocyte cDNA library". Genome Research. 11 (3): 341–55. doi:10.1101/gr.114801. PMC 311024 . PMID 11230159.
Cabral A, Voskamp P, Cleton-Jansen AM, South A, Nizetic D, Backendorf C (June 2001). "Structural organization and regulation of the small proline-rich family of cornified envelope precursors suggest a role in adaptive barrier function". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (22): 19231–7. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M100336200 . PMID 11279051.
Candi E, Oddi S, Terrinoni A, Paradisi A, Ranalli M, Finazzi-Agró A, Melino G (September 2001). "Transglutaminase 5 cross-links loricrin, involucrin, and small proline-rich proteins in vitro". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (37): 35014–23. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M010157200 . PMID 11443109.
Smolinski KN, Abraham JM, Souza RF, Yin J, Wang S, Xu Y, Zou TT, Kong D, Fleisher AS, Meltzer SJ (June 2002). "Activation of the esophagin promoter during esophageal epithelial cell differentiation". Genomics. 79 (6): 875–80. doi:10.1006/geno.2002.6775. PMID 12036303.
Katou F, Shirai N, Kamakura S, Tagami H, Nagura H, Motegi K (May 2003). "Differential expression of cornified cell envelope precursors in normal skin, intraorally transplanted skin and normal oral mucosa". The British Journal of Dermatology. 148 (5): 898–905. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05288.x. PMID 12786819. S2CID 31095981.
Lehr E, Hohl D, Huber M, Brown D (March 2004). "Infection with Human Papillomavirus alters expression of the small proline rich proteins 2 and 3". Journal of Medical Virology. 72 (3): 478–83. doi:10.1002/jmv.20011. PMID 14748073. S2CID 34708572.
Palmeri D, Zuo FR, Rosen SD, Hemmerich S (May 2004). "Differential gene expression profile of human tonsil high endothelial cells: implications for lymphocyte trafficking". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 75 (5): 910–27. doi: 10.1189/jlb.0903408 . PMID 14761935.
Kimos MC, Wang S, Borkowski A, Yang GY, Yang CS, Perry K, Olaru A, Deacu E, Sterian A, Cottrell J, Papadimitriou J, Sisodia L, Selaru FM, Mori Y, Xu Y, Yin J, Abraham JM, Meltzer SJ (September 2004). "Esophagin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) are biomarkers of human esophageal neoplastic progression". International Journal of Cancer. 111 (3): 415–7. doi: 10.1002/ijc.20267 . PMID 15221970.
Hong SH, Nah HY, Lee JY, Lee YJ, Lee JW, Gye MC, Kim CH, Kang BM, Kim MK (June 2004). "Estrogen regulates the expression of the small proline-rich 2 gene family in the mouse uterus". Molecules and Cells. 17 (3): 477–84. PMID 15232223.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163209 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000045539 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid8325635-5] Gibbs S, Fijneman R, Wiegant J, van Kessel AG, van De Putte P, Backendorf C (June 1993). "Molecular characterization and evolution of the SPRR family of keratinocyte differentiation markers encoding small proline-rich proteins". Genomics. 16 (3): 630–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1240. PMID 8325635.

[entrez-6] "Entrez Gene: SPRR3 small proline-rich protein 3".

[MK-7] Kypriotou M, Huber M, Hohl D (September 2012). "The human epidermal differentiation complex: cornified envelope precursors, S100 proteins and the 'fused genes' family". Experimental Dermatology. 21 (9): 643–9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01472.x . PMID 22507538.

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SPRR3

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading