SS Green Hill Park

Firefighters beached Green Hill Park on Vancouver's Siwash Point, in 1945
History
Canada
Name	Green Hill Park
Owner	Park Steamship Company
Launched	1943
Fate	Exploded, and burst into flames, 6 March 1945; Repaired and sold to Panama, 1946
Panama
Name	Phaeax II Lagos Michigan
Fate	Broken up in Taiwan, 1967
General characteristics
Tonnage	2,878  GRT 1,653  NRT
Length	315 ft 5 in (96.14 m)
Beam	46 ft 5 in (14.15 m)
Depth	22 ft 9 in (6.93 m)
Installed power	Triple expansion steam engine
Propulsion	Screw propeller
Crew	34, plus 4 DEMS gunners
Armament	1 x 4 inch deck gun aft 1 x 3 inch (76 mm)/50 caliber gun 4 x 20 mm Oerlikon 2 x Twin .50 cal. Machine Guns 20 x Rail Anti-Aircraft Rocket Launcher (Pillar Box) [1]

Green Hill Park was a freighter, built in 1943, that exploded, bursting into flames, in Vancouver, British Columbia's harbour, on March 6, 1945. ^[2] According to a 2013 retrospective article in the Vancouver Sun , this was Vancouver's worst disaster, at the time.

The SS Green Hill Park was owned by the Park Steamship Company, which was in turn owned by the Canadian Federal government, ^[3] which built 400 vessels during World War II. The ship was named after a park in Nova Scotia and built as a merchant steamship, and constructed for Canada’s Merchant Navy in 1943 during the Second World War as part of Canada's Park ship program.

She was operated for the Government by Canada Shipping Company. ^[3]

Explosion at Vancouver

The ship's cargo included 85 or 95 tons of sodium chlorate, commonly used for bleaching pulp, that, under certain conditions, can be a powerful high explosive. ^[2] Observers saw three explosions, and, initially, it was believed that portions of the ship's cargo of sodium chlorate exploded. Her cargo also included six tons of flares, and barrels of overproof whiskey. ^[3]

The ship was being loaded at a Canadian Pacific Railway pier, and six longshoremen, along with two seamen, lost their lives. ^[2] Windows were broken all over Vancouver's downtown as result of the explosion. Vancouver firefighters could not extinguish the blaze, so they beached her, near Siwash Rock, in Stanley Park, to prevent her drifting into other vessels, and setting them on fire. ^[4]

The Vancouver Sun reported that, eventually, some longshoremen confessed that they had clandestinely tapped the whisky barrels, and it was the spilled whisky that accidentally ignited, and started the fire. ^[2] John Stanton, reporting in the Northern Mariner , wrote that the whisky was 60% alcohol, which was fifty percent more alcohol than normal whisky. ^[3] He wrote that those unfamiliar with it may not have understood that the fumes from overproof alcohol are far more volatile, and explosive, than regular whisky.

Reconstruction and renaming

A typical cargo Park ship. Launch of SS Ashby Park at the Pictou Shipyard in 1944.

Green Hill Park was severely damaged, but she was repaired, sold off, and operated again under Panamaian ownership as Phaeax II. ^{[5] [6] [7]} She was recommissioned as Phaeax II in 1946, and as Lagos Michigan in 1956. ^[8] She was scrapped in Taiwan, in 1967.

See also

• Park ship

References

1. merchant ships, Park armament
2. John Mackie (2013-03-05). "Photos: The 1945 SS Greenhill Park explosion". Vancouver Sun . Retrieved 2017-03-29. There were about 100 men working on the ship at the time of the explosion, and eight of them were killed. It was the worst disaster in Vancouver history to that point in time.
3. John Stanton. "THE GREEN HILL PARK DISASTER" (PDF). Retrieved 2017-03-29.
4. "Beached on historic Siwash Rock where she was towed after six explosions ripped her hull and shook downtown Vancouver yesterday noon; the freighter Greenhill Park still burns furiously. A fireboat pours a steady stream of water into the hull". Toronto Public Library . Retrieved 2017-03-29.
5. Robert G. Halford (1995). The unknown navy: Canada's World War II merchant navy. Vanwell Publishing. pp. 39, 144. ISBN   9781551250168 . Retrieved 2017-03-29. The badly damaged ship was sold by War Assets to Greek interests who had her rebuilt to sail again as the Phaeax II.
6. Reginald Eyre Watters (1958). British Columbia: a centennial anthology. McClelland and Stewart. p. 16. Retrieved 2017-03-29. Almost exactly a year after the disaster she is ready to sail under the name of Phaeax II. The cost to her new owners was only half of her original price of two million dollars in 1944, and she has been back in Vancouver several times since.
7. Canadian Shipping and Marine Engineering News, Volume 18. Maclean Publishing. 1946. p. 29. Retrieved 2017-03-29. Then there was the famous Greenhill Park, now sailing the seas again as Phaeax II under the flag of Greece.
8. Syd C. Heal (1999). A Great Fleet of Ships: The Canadian Forts & Parks. Vanwell Publishing. p. 285. ISBN   9781551250236.