Salmson 2

Last updated
Salmson 2 A.2
Salmson 2 WW1 recon aircraft.jpg
Role Reconnaissance biplane
Manufacturer Salmson
First flight1917
Number built3,800+

The Salmson 2 A.2, (often shortened to Salmson 2) was a French biplane reconnaissance aircraft developed and produced by Salmson to a 1916 requirement. Along with the Breguet 14, it was the main reconnaissance aircraft of the French army in 1918 and was also used by American Expeditionary Force aviation units. At the end of the First World War, one-third of French reconnaissance aircraft were Salmson 2s.

Contents

Design and development

During the First World War, the Salmson factory built aircraft engines, generally 9- and later 18-cylinder water-cooled radial engines developed from the Swiss Canton-Unné design, an early stationary radial engine design used for military aircraft. The company's first aircraft was the Salmson-Moineau S.M.1, an unusual three-seat reconnaissance biplane with twin propellers gear-driven from a single Salmson engine mounted sideways in the fuselage but it was not successful although it saw limited production.

The Salmson 2 came from a requirement to replace the Sopwith 1½ Strutter and Dorand A.R. reconnaissance aircraft in the A.2 (tactical reconnaissance) role. Salmson had built the 1½ Strutter under license, and the Salmson 2, while an original design, had more in common with the Sopwith than to the Salmson-Moineau. The aircraft was of conventional construction with a two-bay biplane configuration, powered by the company's own 230 hp (170 kW) Salmson 9Z water-cooled radial engine. Some minor control problems were quickly resolved in early testing, but the main defect of the Salmson 2, shared with the contemporary Airco DH.4, was that the pilot and gunner were widely separated, making communication difficult. Production was ordered after trials on 29 April 1917, and deliveries were underway by October of that year. Around 3,200 Salmson 2s were built in France, 2,200 by Salmson and the remainder by the Latécoère, Hanriot, and Desfontaines, companies. Some of these were Salmson 2 E.2 dual control advanced training (Ecole) aircraft.

Salmson 2 Limousine photo from L'Aeronautique October 1921 Salmson 2 Limousine L'Aeronautique October 1921.jpg
Salmson 2 Limousine photo from L'Aéronautique October 1921
Salmson 2 Berline of Lignes Aeriennes Latecoere, circa 1918 Lignes Aeriennes Latecoere (Latecoere-Toulouse).jpg
Salmson 2 Berline of Lignes Aeriennes Latécoére, circa 1918

Variants

Developments of the Salmson 2 included:

Operational history

In addition to its service with the French army, the Salmson 2 served during the First World War with United States air units. Some 700 were purchased, and were generally successful.

Postwar Salmson 2s were purchased by Czechoslovakia, and remained in service until 1924. Others were transferred to Poland, but were withdrawn by 1920, and replaced by Bristol F.2Bs. Japan undertook licensed production as the Army Type Otsu 1, also known as the Kawasaki-Salmson. The number of aircraft built in Japan is unclear; 300 were built by Kawasaki, and the same quantity by the Imperial Japanese Army's Tokorozawa supply depot, although the total number of aircraft produced may have been as high as 1,000.

After First World War, the Salmson 2 A.2 produced by Latécoère were the first aircraft used by French pioneering airmail company Aéropostale .

Military operators

Wartime

Flag of France.svg  France
Flag of the United States.svg  United States

Post-war

Japanese Otsu-1 Otusiki 1gata teisatuki.jpg
Japanese Otsu-1
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czechoslovakia
Flag of France.svg  France
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia / Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union

Aircraft on display

Specifications

Salmson 2 A.2 drawing Salmson 2 A.2 dwg.jpg
Salmson 2 A.2 drawing

Data from French Aircraft of the First World War [2]

General characteristics

Performance

Armament

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bloch MB.170</span> 1938 bomber aircraft family by Avion Marcel Bloch

The Bloch MB.170 and its derivatives were French reconnaissance bombers designed and built shortly before the Second World War. They were the best aircraft of this type available to the Armée de l'Air at the outbreak of the war, with speed, altitude and manoeuvrability that allowed them to evade interception by the German fighters. Although the aircraft could have been in service by 1937, debate over what role to give the aircraft delayed deliveries until 1940.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polikarpov I-15</span> Type of aircraft

The Polikarpov I-15 was a Soviet biplane fighter aircraft of the 1930s. Nicknamed Chaika because of its gulled upper wings, it was operated in large numbers by the Soviet Air Force, and together with the Polikarpov I-16 monoplane, was one of the standard fighters of the Spanish Republicans during the Spanish Civil War, where it was called Chato (snub-nose).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aichi E13A</span> Japanese reconnaissance floatplane

The Aichi E13A was a long-range reconnaissance seaplane used by the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) from 1941 to 1945. Numerically the most important floatplane of the IJN, it could carry a crew of three and a bombload of 250 kg (550 lb). The Navy designation was "Navy Type Zero Reconnaissance Seaplane" (零式水上偵察機).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dassault Super Mystère</span> Type of aircraft

The Dassault Super Mystère is a French supersonic fighter-bomber and was the first Western European supersonic aircraft to enter mass production.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Avia BH-21</span> Type of aircraft

The Avia BH-21, first flown in 1925, was a robust biplane that served an important role in securing Czechoslovak national security during the period between World War I and World War II. As well as being a competent fighter, it was also an accomplished racer, winning several air races in 1925.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ansaldo A.300</span> Type of aircraft

The Ansaldo A.300 was an Italian general-purpose biplane aircraft built by the Ansaldo company of Turin from 1920 to 1929. It also served as a light bomber, transport, fighter and reconnaissance aircraft, and finally as an advanced trainer, with examples in service as late as 1940. 50 examples were also license-built in Poland at ZM E. Plage & T. Laśkiewicz, but were not a success due to poor quality.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caudron G.3</span> Type of aircraft

The Caudron G.3 was a single-engined French sesquiplane built by Caudron, widely used in World War I as a reconnaissance aircraft and trainer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arado Ar 96</span> Military training aircraft

The Arado Ar 96 is a German single-engine, low-wing monoplane of all-metal construction, produced by Arado Flugzeugwerke. It was the Luftwaffe's standard advanced trainer during World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potez 25</span> Type of aircraft

Potez 25 was a French twin-seat, single-engine sesquiplane designed during the 1920s. A multi-purpose fighter-bomber, it was designed as a line aircraft and used in a variety of roles, including fighter and escort missions, tactical bombing and reconnaissance missions. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Potez 25 was the standard multi-purpose aircraft of over 20 air forces, including French and Polish. It was also popular among private operators, notably mail transport companies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kawasaki Ki-48</span> Japanese light bomber

The Kawasaki Ki-48, was a Japanese twin-engine light bomber that was used during World War II. Its Allied reporting name was "Lily".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blériot-SPAD S.33</span> Type of aircraft

The Bleriot-SPAD S.33 was a small French airliner developed soon after World War I. The aircraft was a biplane of conventional configuration whose design owed much to the Blériot company's contemporary fighter designs such as the S.20. Four passengers could be accommodated in an enclosed cabin within the monocoque fuselage, and a fifth passenger could ride in the open cockpit beside the pilot. A great success, the S.33 dominated its field throughout the 1920s, initially on CMA's Paris-London route, and later on continental routes serviced by Franco-Roumaine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caudron C.61</span> Type of aircraft

The Caudron C.61 was a French three-engined civil transport biplane aircraft built by the French aeroplane manufacturer Caudron. It was constructed of wood and covered in fabric.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potez 452</span> French reconnaissance flying boat in service 1935-1944

The Potez 452 was a French flying boat designed and built by Potez in response to a French Navy specification for a shipboard reconnaissance machine for use on its battleships and cruisers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kawasaki Army Type 88 Reconnaissance Aircraft</span> Japanese reconnaissance aircraft

The Kawasaki Army Type 88 Reconnaissance Aircraft was a Japanese single-engined biplane designed for Kawasaki by Richard Vogt. Originally known by its company designation KDA-2, it was accepted by the Imperial Japanese Army as the Type 88 Reconnaissance Aircraft. The Type 88 number was designated for the year the aircraft was accepted, which was the year 2588 in the Japanese imperial year calendar, or 1928 in the Gregorian calendar. The basic design was modified into the Type 88 Light Bomber that was used in combat over China in the Second Sino-Japanese War. The Type 88 was built in large numbers and remained in service until 1940.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wibault 280</span> Type of aircraft

The Wibault 280-T was a French 12-passenger civil airliner produced by Wibault backed by money from the Penhoët shipyards and also known as 'Penhoët Wibault'.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bernard H.V.41</span> Type of aircraft

The Bernard H.V.41 was a racing seaplane designed by Société des Avions Bernard for the French government to compete in the 1929 Schneider Trophy.

The Stampe et Vertongen RSV.22 was a training biplane produced in Belgium in the 1920s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flottille 4F</span> Military unit

Flotille 4F is a French Aeronavale aircraft squadron based at Base Aéronavale de Lann Bihoué and equipped with three Northrop Grumman E-2C Hawkeye aircraft, these aircraft are operated from the aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SNCAC NC.1070</span> Type of aircraft

The SNCAC NC.1070 was a piston engined attack and torpedo bomber designed and built in France shortly after World War II. The second prototype, the NC1071, was the first French multi-jet turbine powered aircraft.

René Moineau was one of the French pioneers of aviation and an inventor in various branches of aeronautics and fluid mechanics. A pilot and engineer at Bréguet, he designed his own plane, the Salmson-Moineau SM-1, in 1915, then devoted himself to numerous inventions, several patented, including the Moineau pump still used in industry, and the first retractable landing gear.

References

  1. Morareau 1990, p. 15
  2. Davilla, Dr. James J.; Soltan, Arthur (1997). French Aircraft of the First World War. Mountain View California: Flying Machines Press. pp. 25–26. ISBN   978-0-9637110-4-5.
  3. Owers, Colin A.; Jon S. Guttman; James J. Davilla (2001). Salmson aircraft of World War I . Boulder, Colorado. pp.  26. ISBN   1-891268-16-3.

Bibliography

Further reading