Saltpond Oil Field

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Saltpond Oil Field
Ghana adm location map.svg
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Location of Saltpond Oil Field
Country Ghana
Region Central region
Location Takoradi Arch
Offshore/onshoreOffshore
Coordinates 5°05′35″N1°04′08″W / 5.093°N 1.069°W / 5.093; -1.069 Coordinates: 5°05′35″N1°04′08″W / 5.093°N 1.069°W / 5.093; -1.069
OperatorsSaltpond Offshore Producing Company
PartnersLushann-Eternit Energy Ltd. (55%)
GNPC (45%)
Field history
Discovery1970
Start of productionOctober 1978
Production
Current production of oil550 barrels per day (~27,000 t/a)
Peak of production (oil)4,800 barrels per day (~2.4×10^5 t/a)
Estimated oil in place1.2 million barrels (~1.6×10^5 t)
Estimated gas in place20,000×10^9 cu ft (570×10^9 m3)
Producing formations Devonian Takoradi Formation

Saltpond Oil Field is an oil field off the coast of Ghana. The field was discovered in 1970 by Signal-Amoco Consortium. [1] The field is currently managed by the Saltpond Offshore Producing Company (SOPCL), Ghana's oldest producer of crude oil. [2]

Ghana Republic in West Africa

Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean, in the subregion of West Africa. Spanning a land mass of 238,535 km2 (92,099 sq mi), Ghana is bordered by the Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, Togo in the east and the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean in the south. Ghana means "Warrior King" in the Soninke language.

Amoco former global chemical and oil company

Amoco Corporation is a global chemical and oil company that was founded in 1889 around a refinery located in Whiting, Indiana, United States. Originally part of the Standard Oil Trust, it focused on gasoline for the new automobile market. In 1911, during the break up of the trust, it became an independent corporation. Incorporated in Indiana, it was headquartered in Chicago.

Contents

Location

The oil field is located 65 miles (105 km) west of Ghana's capital, Accra, in the Central region of Ghana. It is located about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) off the coast of Saltpond in the northern-central area of the Takoradi Arch, in water depth of 80 feet (24 m). [1] It extends over an area of 5 square kilometres (1.9 sq mi). [3]

Accra Capital city in Ghana

Accra is the capital and largest city of Ghana, covering an area of 225.67 km2 (87.13 sq mi) with an estimated urban population of 2.27 million as of 2012. It is organized into 12 local government districts – 11 municipal districts and the Accra Metropolitan District, which is the only district within the capital to be granted city status. "Accra" usually refers to the Accra Metropolitan Area, which serves as the capital of Ghana, while the district which is within the jurisdiction of the Accra Metropolitan Assembly is distinguished from the rest of the capital as the "City of Accra". In common usage, however, the terms "Accra" and "City of Accra" are used interchangeably.

Saltpond Town in Central Region, Ghana

Saltpond is a town and the capital of the Mfantsiman Municipal District in the Central Region of South Ghana. Saltpond has a population of 24,689 people.

Sekondi-Takoradi City in Western Region, Ghana

Sekondi-Takoradi, a city comprising the twin cities of Sekondi and Takoradi. It is the capital of Sekondi – Takoradi Metropolitan District and the Western Region of Ghana. Sekondi-Takoradi is the region's largest city and an industrial and commercial centre, with a population of 445,205 people (2012).

History

Original development

Saltpond Oil Field was discovered in 1970 after the Ghana National Petroleum Corporation (GNPC) licensed Signal-Amoco Consortium to operate in Ghana's territorial waters. The initial appraisal of the field showed that the well would produce 3,600 barrels per day (570 m3/d) of oil.

Ghana National Petroleum Corporation

The Ghana National Petroleum Corporation (GNPC) is the state agency responsible for the exploration, licensing, and distribution of petroleum-related activities in Ghana.

Territorial waters Coastal waters that are part of a nation-states sovereign territory

The term territorial waters is sometimes used informally to refer to any area of water over which a state has jurisdiction, including internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and potentially the continental shelf. In a narrower sense, the term is used as a synonym for the territorial sea.

In 1976 Amoco relinquished the concession, citing the field as non-commercial. The concession was reassigned to Offshore Hydrocarbons Ltd., which later entered into a development farmout with Agri-Petco of the United States. [3] In 1977–1978 Agri-Petco drilled six appraisal wells from a centrally located jackup rig called Mr. Louie . After the drilling, the jack-up was converted into a production unit and the field was put onstream in October 1978. [3]

Jackup rig ship type; self-elevating platform or vessel

A jackup rig or a self-elevating unit is a type of mobile platform that consists of a buoyant hull fitted with a number of movable legs, capable of raising its hull over the surface of the sea. The buoyant hull enables transportation of the unit and all attached machinery to a desired location. Once on location the hull is raised to the required elevation above the sea surface supported by the sea bed. The legs of such units may be designed to penetrate the sea bed, may be fitted with enlarged sections or footings, or may be attached to a bottom mat. Generally jackup rigs are not self-propelled and rely on tugs or heavy lift ships for transportation.

Mr. Louie is a former self-elevating drilling barge converted into an oil platform. It was the first self-elevating drilling barge classed by the American Bureau of Shipping. As an oil platform, it operates at the Saltpond Oil Field, offshore Ghana.

In 1984, the field was reassigned to Primary Fuels Inc., which took over the operation for a year. In July 1985 GNPC took over the operation of the field. [3]

From 1978 to 1985 the maximum oil production was 4,800 barrels per day (760 m3/d) of oil. When operation stopped in 1985, the volume of production was 580 barrels per day (92 m3/d). The estimated percentages of oil and gas that had been obtained from the field at the time of shutdown were 10.4% and 25%, respectively, with three of the six wells unable to produce oil. [1]

Operation resumption

On 18 January 2000, GNPC entered into an agreement with Lushann International of Houston, Texas, for the rehabilitation of the Saltpond Oil Field and the implementation of the rig-less workover proposal. [4] Lushann International contracted Eternit Universal Ltd. of Nigeria for the financing of the rehabilitation works. In August 2000, rehabilitation works commenced with the repair of the Mr. Louie platform. [4] In 2002, Oildata's programme of rig-less workover discovered obstructions in the wells which prevented workers from reaching the bottom of most of the wells. When the workover was completed, only two wells were able to produce between 480–600 barrels per day (76–95 m3/d) of oil. [1] [4] Lushann International was also granted the right to develop up to 400 MW of power generation facilities to commercialize natural gas from the Saltpond Field. [5]

In 2002, the Government of Ghana began re-negotiating the agreement between GNPC and Lushann-Eternit Energy Ltd. The negotiations ended in 2004 with a new agreement in which GNPC's stake was increased from 40% to 45%, with Lushann-Eternit Energy Ltd. having 55%. [1] [4] The new agreement led to the creation of the Saltpond Offshore Producing Company, which markets the oil from the fields on the world market. [2]

The rig-less workover could not sustain high production, resulting in a drop of about 450 barrels per day (72 m3/d). In 2005, operations were suspended so the rig-less workover could be replaced. Operations resumed in April 2006 with an increase in production to 700 barrels per day (110 m3/d) from two wells. [1]

In 2008, the diesel-fired generating plant was replaced by a natural gas-fired plant for utilization of natural gas from the field. This reduced production cost on the fields. A new storage vessel, MT Bonsu, was purchased for storage of oil from the field. [1] It replaced the previously leased storage vessel MT African Wave, which had become dangerous to operate. [5] By other sources, the reason for termination of the leasing contract was the inability of SOPCL to pay its outstanding bills. [6]

On 10 June 2010, GNPC announced that it pulls out of the Saltpond Offshore Producing Company. [7]

Reserves and production

The estimated initially resource in place was 34.4 million barrels (5.47×10^6 m3) of oil, 34.3 billion cubic feet (970×10^6 m3) of gas condensate, and 21.9 billion cubic feet (620×10^6 m3) of natural gas. After the field's operations were shut down in 1985, GNPC commissioned various geological and engineering studies to improve its knowledge of the nature of the field and to ascertain if long-term redevelopment was feasible. In 1986, Braspetro conducted a study in which an estimated 1.2 million barrels (190×10^3 m3) and 20 billion cubic feet (570×10^6 m3) of natural gas was reported still in the field. Another study by Oil-data Wireline Services of Nigeria in 1999 recommended a rig-less workover for the redevelopment of the field. [1]

The cumulative production from beginning of operations to the shut-in in 1985 was 3.752 million barrels (596.5×10^3 m3) of oil and 14.086 billion cubic feet (398.9×10^6 m3) of natural gas. The field currently produces about 550 barrels per day (87 m3/d) of oil. [1]

Incidents

In April 2003, the storage vessel MT Asterias, operating at the Saltpond Oil Field, was alleged to have gone missing with 73,701 barrels (11,717.5 m3) of oil. It was seized by its owner, the Nigerian company Ocean & Oil Limited, due to non-payment of freight charges by Lushann International. According to authorities of Ghana, Lushann International was not paid any royalties, carried interests, training allowances and annual surface rentals which were mandatory under the petroleum laws of Ghana. [8]

In 2011, SOPCL was accused for leasing storage space in the MT Bonsu to its unidentified major off taker, who allegedly used MT Bonsu to bring in crude oil imported from other West African countries but supplied to the refinery at a high rate by claiming that the crude oil is imported from Brazil. [5] [9]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Saltpond Field" (PDF). www.ghanaoilwatch.org. Retrieved 15 June 2011.
  2. 1 2 "We are genuine- SOPCL". Ghana Broadcasting Corporation. GNA. 6 June 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Background". www.saltpondoffshore.com. Archived from the original on 26 May 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "About us". www.saltpondoffshore.com. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
  5. 1 2 3 "Alleged Underhand Dealing On Saltpond OilField - National Security Investigates". Daily Graphic. ModernGhana.com. GNA. 30 May 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  6. ↑ "$90m oil sold from Saltpond...nothing paid to govt". Ghanaian Times . GhanaWeb. 14 January 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  7. ↑ Asiamah, Frederick (6 June 2011). "GNPC Pulls Out of Saltpond Offshore". Public Agenda. AllAfrica. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  8. ↑ "Missing oil vessel seized by owners - Minister". GhanaWeb. GNA. 3 April 2003. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  9. ↑ "Pressure Group commends SOPCL for prompt action on allegation". BusinessGhana. GNA. 20 June 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
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