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Sanjrani, a significant Baloch chiefdom, the Sanjranis family who ruled Seistan with its capital at Chakansur in the early and late 19th century. [1] [2]
Ibrahim Khan Sanjrani Fort is reported to belong to Sanjrani Chiefdom. [3]
At the end of the 18th century, part of the Narui, belonging to the Baloch tribe, left their native places and, by order of Alem Khan, settled on the banks of Helmand. The leader of this clan, who at first was considered a tributary, managed little by little to achieve complete independence from his neighbors and to transfer, before his death, a firmly established power to his son Dost Mohammed Khan, whose death, which followed, in 1857, was a heavy loss for his fellow tribesmen.
After him, the only son left was Dervish Khan, but the brother of Dost Mohammed Khan, Sherif Khan, was appointed the leader of the tribe; he was considered the most powerful man in the country.
The example of the Narui was soon followed by the Tuks, a Baloch tribe from the Haran region. Their leader Khan Jan, the son of Jan Bek and the grandson of Rushan, for some time began to appear on the right bank of Helmand. At that time, Jalal ed-Din-khan, the eldest son of Bahram-khan, (from the Kayyanid families) who fell in love with the daughter of the Baloch leader and succeeded in marrying her, gave as a gift to his father-in-law a small fortress Barengi-siyah, on the site of which at present is the city of Jahanabad. [4]
Khan Jan's first concern was to assert his independence. To this end, he called on his fellow tribesmen to settle in the vicinity of the fortress, united some of them into bands of robbers and, robbing the villages bordering on Persia and Afghanistan, accumulated considerable wealth. He expanded his possessions either by purchasing lands from the impoverished Keyanids, or by forcibly expelling them. The dekhkans who settled on these lands hardly obeyed the new owner and often left their homes, and Balochs from Haran settled in their place.
Khan Jan had six sons: Mein Khan, Jan Bek, Ali Khan, Ibrahim Khan, Shahpasond Khan and Shirdil Khan. His second son predeceased his father. According to established custom, the power of the clan leader was to pass to Mein Khan. However, Ali Khan invited his older brother to Chakhansur, treacherously killed him and took possession of all the property. Addicted to the vices that exist in the East, he did not enjoy the fruits of his crime for long: in 1840, Ali Khan died of a serious illness.
His successor was Ibrahim Khan, known in Europe as the killer of Dr. Forbes. He was known as an enterprising and energetic person, but his fanaticism and especially destructive addiction to opium, as well as the cruelty characteristic of him during periods of intoxication, terrified his family members, subjects and strangers. Therefore, his brother Shahpesend Khan, fearing for his life, was forced to flee. He settled in Mashhad, where he received a small allowance from the Persian government. As for Ibrahim Khan, he rarely stayed in Chakhansur. Every year he hunted wild boars in the thickets of the Helmand delta, accompanied by a large retinue of armed people, often turning them into gangs of robbers, hoping for rich prey. [5]
European influence in Afghanistan has been present in the country since the Victorian era, when the competing imperial powers of Britain and Russia contested for control over Afghanistan as part of the Great Game.
The Baloch or Baluch are a nomadic, pastoral, ethnic group which speaks the Western Iranic Baloch language and is native to the Balochistan region of South and Western Asia, encompassing the countries of Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. There are also Baloch diaspora communities in neighbouring regions, including in Central Asia, and the Arabian Peninsula.
Helmand, also known as Hillmand, in ancient times, as Hermand and Hethumand, is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, in the south of the country. It is the largest province by area, covering 58,584 square kilometres (20,000 sq mi) area. The province contains 18 districts, encompassing over 1,000 villages, and roughly 1,446,230 settled people. Lashkargah serves as the provincial capital. Helmand was part of the Greater Kandahar region until made into a separate province by the Afghan government in the 20th century.
The Brahui, Brahvi, or Brohi are an ethnic group of pastoralists principally found in Pakistan, and to a smaller extent in Afghanistan and Iran. They speak Brahui, which belongs to the Dravidian language family.
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The Durrānī, formerly known as Abdālī (ابدالي), are one of the largest tribes of Pashtuns. Their traditional homeland is in southern Afghanistan, straddling into Toba Achakzai in Balochistan, Pakistan, but they are also settled in other parts of Afghanistan and parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
The history of Balochistan refers to the history of the Balochistan region of Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan. Vague allusions to the region were found in Greek historical records of around 650 BCE. Prehistoric Balochistan dates to the Paleolithic.
The Khanate of Kalat was a Brahui Khanate that originated in the modern-day Kalat region of Pakistan. Formed in 1666 due to the threat of Mughal expansion in the region, it controlled the wider Balochistan at its greatest extent in the mid-18th century, extending from Kerman in the west to Sindh in the east and from Helmand River in the north to the Arabian Sea in the south. The Khanate of Kalat lost considerable area to Qajar Iran and the Emirate of Afghanistan in the early 19th century, and the city of Kalat was itself sacked by the British in 1839. Kalat became a self-governing state in a subsidiary alliance with British India after the signature of the Treaty of Kalat by the Khan of Kalat and the Baloch Sardars in 1875, and the supervision of Kalat became a task of the Baluchistan Agency. Kalat was briefly independent from 12 August 1947 until 27 March 1948, when its ruler Ahmad Yar Khan acceded to Pakistan, making it one of the Princely states of Pakistan.
Mazari is a Baloch tribe in Pakistan. Mazari is derived from the Balochi word mazar, which means "Tiger" in the Balochi language. Rojhan-Mazari, a town in the Rajanpur District of the Punjab near the inter-provincial borders of Balochistan, Sindh and Punjab, is the stronghold of the Mazari tribe.
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The Sanjrani is a sub-branch of the Baloch tribe settled in the Sindh and Balochistan provinces of Pakistan.
Orakzai or Wrakzai are a Pashtun tribe native to the Orakzai Agency, parts of Kurram Agency, Khyber agency, located in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
Panah Ali Khan Javanshir was the founder and first ruler of the Karabakh Khanate under Persian suzerainty.
The Barakzai dynasty also known as the Muhammadzai dynasty ruled modern day Afghanistan from 1823 to 1978 when the monarchy ended de jure under Musahiban Mohammad Zahir Shah and de facto under his cousin Sardar Mohammad Daoud Khan. The Barakzai dynasty was established by Dost Mohammad Khan after the Durrani dynasty of Ahmad Shah Durrani was removed from power. The Muhammadzai era was known for its progressivist modernity in which Afghanistan was referred to as the "Switzerland of Asia".
Sardar Zulfiqar Ali Khosa is a Pakistani political leader, former senator and former Governor of Punjab. He represented Punjab, Pakistan in the Senate of Pakistan. Sardar Zulfiqar Ali Khan has been elected to the Provincial Assembly of Punjab for eight tenures in 1970, 1977, 1985, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1997 and 2008. He was also elected to the West Pakistan Assembly in 1962. Khosa also contested for a National Assembly of Pakistan in general election 2018 but lost to Amjad Farooq Khan.
The Javanshirs are a Turkic clan from Karabakh, who are a branch of the Oghuz Turks. Between 1748 and 1822, members of the Javanshir clan functioned as the head of the Karabakh Khanate.
Dost Mohammad Khan Baloch, also known as Mir Dost Muhammad Khan Baluch, was a ruler in Iranian (Western) Baluchistan from 1921 till 1928.
Bārakzai is the name of a Pashtun tribe from present-day, Kandahar, Afghanistan. '"Barakzai" is a common name among the Pashtuns and it means "son of Barak" in Pashto. According to the Encyclopædia Iranica, "In the detailed Pashtun genealogies there are no fewer than seven instances of the ethnic name Bārakzī, at very different levels of tribal segmentation. Six of them designate simple lineages within six different tribes located in the Solaymān mountains or adjacent lands... The seventh instance, on the other hand, designates one of the most important Pashtun tribes in numbers and historic role, part of the Zīrak branch of the Dorrānay confederation.
The Yarahmadzai (Shahnavazi) is a Baloch tribe from Iranian Balochistan. The main population of the tribe is settled in an area called Sarhad in the city of Khash. The population of the Yarahmadzais is an estimated 30,000 and they are divided into three smaller groups, Sohrabzai, Hossenzai and Rahmetzai.
Ibrahim Khan Sanjrani Fort(Balochi: چکانسوری کلات or ابراهیمخان سنجرانی کلات) is located in nimruz province, in Chakhansur District. This castle is believed to have a 400-year history.
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