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The Indian National Congress (INC),colloquially the Congress Party or simply the Congress,is a political party in India with deep roots in most regions of India. Founded on 28 December 1885,it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century,and especially after 1920,under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi,the Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. The Congress led India to independence from the United Kingdom,and significantly influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire.
Haradanahalli Doddegowda Deve Gowda is an Indian politician who served as the 11th prime minister of India from 1 June 1996 to 21 April 1997. He was previously the 14th Chief Minister of Karnataka from 1994 to 1996. He presently is a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha representing Karnataka. He is the national president of the Janata Dal (Secular) party. Born in a farming family,he joined the Indian National Congress party in 1953,and remained a member until 1962. He was imprisoned during the Emergency. He became President of the state unit of Janata Dal in 1994,and was considered to be a driving force in the party's victory in Karnataka. He served as the 8th Chief Minister of Karnataka from 1994 to 1996. In the 1996 general elections,no party won enough seats to form a government. When the United Front,a coalition of regional parties,formed the central government with the support of the Congress,Deve Gowda was unexpectedly chosen to head the government and was elected Prime Minister. During his tenure as prime minister,he also served as Home Minister for some time. His prime ministerial tenure lasted for less than a year. After his prime ministerial tenure,he was elected to the 12th (1998),14th (2004),15th,and 16th Lok Sabha,as Member of Parliament for the Hassan Lok Sabha constituency. He lost Lok Sabha elections in 2019 from Tumkuru but has been elected to Rajya Sabha since.
The Samajwadi Party is a socialist political party in India. It was founded on 4 October 1992 by former Janata Dal politician Mulayam Singh Yadav and is headquartered in New Delhi. The Samajwadi Party is currently led by former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh,Akhilesh Yadav. He was chosen as the President for the first time in an Emergency meeting in 2017. He was chosen for second time in 2017 at Agra Convention of the Samajwadi Party. He was chosen for the third time at the party's national convention held in September 2022 at Lucknow.
The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam is an Indian political party based in the state of Tamil Nadu,where it is currently the ruling party,and the union territory of Puducherry,where it is currently the main opposition.
Janata Dal was an Indian political party which was formed through the merger of Janata Party factions,the Lok Dal,Indian National Congress (Jagjivan),and the Jan Morcha united on 11 October 1988 on the birth anniversary of Jayaprakash Narayan under the leadership of V. P. Singh.
The Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) is a state political party in Jammu and Kashmir,India. The PDP was headed and founded by Mufti Mohammed Sayeed. His daughter,Mehbooba Mufti,succeeded him as party leader and as Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir following his death in January 2016. The party is a member of the People's Alliance for Gupkar Declaration electoral alliance. The party is also a member of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance since its founding on 18 June 2023.
The Republican Party of India (Athawale) is a political party in India. The party is a splinter group of the Republican Party of India and has its roots in the Scheduled Castes Federation led by B. R. Ambedkar. The president of the party is Ramdas Athavale.
The Justice Party,officially the South Indian Liberal Federation,was a political party in the Madras Presidency of British India. It was established on 20 November 1916 in Victoria Public Hall in Madras by Dr C. Natesa Mudaliar and co-founded by T. M. Nair,P. Theagaraya Chetty and Alamelu Mangai Thayarammal as a result of a series of non-Brahmin conferences and meetings in the presidency. Communal division between Brahmins and non-Brahmins began in the presidency during the late-19th and early-20th century,mainly due to caste prejudices and disproportionate Brahminical representation in government jobs. The Justice Party's foundation marked the culmination of several efforts to establish an organisation to represent the non-Brahmins in Madras and is seen as the start of the Dravidian Movement.
The Hill State People's Democratic Party (HSPDP) is a regional political party active in the state of Meghalaya,northeast India. Formed in 1968 as a split from the All Party Hill Leaders Conference by Hopingstone Lyngdoh,the HSPDP has had representatives in the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly since the Assembly's first elections in 1972. The HSPDP has been a junior member of coalition governments in Meghalaya on a number of occasions and following the 2018 election joined the National People's Party-led government of Chief Minister Conrad Sangma.
Ambika Chakrabarty was an Indian independence movement activist and revolutionary. Later,he was a leader of the Communist Party of India and a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly.
Niranjan Sengupta was a Bengali Indian revolutionary and freedom fighter. He was a leader of Communist Party of India (Marxist).He was born in Jhalokathi district of Barisal.
Suravaram Sudhakar Reddy is the former General Secretary of the Communist Party of India (CPI) from 2012 to 2019. He was a member of the 12th and 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Nalgonda constituency of Telangana.
General elections were held in India on 22 and 26 November 1989 to elect the members of the ninth Lok Sabha. The incumbent Indian National Congress (Indira) government under the premiership of Rajiv Gandhi lost its mandate,even though it was still the largest single party in the Lok Sabha. V. P. Singh,the leader of the second largest party Janata Dal was invited by the President of India to form the government. The government was formed with outside support from the Bharatiya Janata Party and Communist parties led by CPI(M). V. P. Singh was sworn in as the seventh Prime Minister of India on 2 December 1989.
Jai Narain Prasad Nishad was an Indian politician and member of parliament from Muzaffarpur Lok Sabha Constituency in the Indian State of Bihar. He was a Union Minister for State in 1996-1998 and has been a member of Lok Sabha five times and a former member of Rajya Sabha. He was a member of Janata Dal (United) and with the Bharatiya Janata Party. His son,Ajay Nishad is the MP of Muzaffarpur.
The third legislative assembly election to the Madras state was held on 21 February 1962. The Indian National Congress party,led by K. Kamaraj,won the election. Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam made significant in-roads in the election and emerged as the second party for the first time by winning 50 seats. 1962 Election remains the most recent election in which Indian National Congress to form a majority Government in the State as its support was heavily declined due to rise of Dravidian political parties.
Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) (JVM (P)) (transl. 'Jharkhand Development Front (Democratic)') was a state political party in the Indian state of Jharkhand which was founded by former Union Minister and First Chief Minister of Jharkhand,Babulal Marandi.
Kamlesh Paswan is an Indian politician and is a Member of Parliament in the 17th Lok Sabha of India. Paswan represents the Bansgaon constituency of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party political party.
Harish Dwivedi is an Indian politician and a member of 16th and 17th Lok Sabha from the Basti as a member of Bharatiya Janata Party. He is currently the National Secretary of Bharatiya Janta Party.
The Goa Vikas Party (GVP) is a regional political party from Goa,India,was led by Francisco Pacheco. The GVP was founded by late Sitaram Bandodkar,and the current president is Francisco Pacheco's partner Viola Pacheco. It was revived by Pacheco,who left the Nationalist Congress Party and joined the GVP ahead of the 2012 Goa Legislative Assembly election. It is a part of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). It is a part of the ruling coalition in Goa,the other members being the BJP and Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party. The GVP has two members in the Goa Legislative Assembly:Pacheco from Nuvem but he resigned and Caetano Silva from Benaulim.
Manohar Trimbak Ajgaonkar is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Ajgaonkar is a first term member of the Goa Legislative Assembly in 2007 from the Dhargalim constituency in Pernem.
