Saroj Raj Choudhury | |
|---|---|
| Born | Odisha, India |
| Occupation | Wildlife conservationist |
| Known for | Project Tiger |
| Awards | Padma Shri |
Saroj Raj Choudhury was an Indian environmentalist, wildlife conservationist, writer [1] and the first Forest Conservator under the Government of Odisha. [2] He was also the founder director of the Simlipal National Park, in the Mayurbhanj district in the Indian state of Odisha. [3] Choudhury was known for the pugmark technique he employed for tiger census and for his comradeship with Khairi, a domesticated tigress. [4] [5] His experiences with the animal has been documented in a book, Khairi: The Beloved Tigress, written by him and published in 1977. [6] The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest Indian civilian honour of Padma Shri in 1983. [7]
Saroj Raj Choudhury, born in Odisha, started his career as a forest officer in Government of Odisha service and rose in ranks to become a wildlife conservation officer, the first person to occupy the post. [8] Later, he was transferred as the head of the Forest Research Institute, founded in 1878 by the German forester, Dietrich Brandis. [9] When Simlipal Tiger Reserve was established in 1972, Choudhury was made its founder field director and the head of Project Tiger [10] with his headquarters in Baripada. [11]
1974 was a landmark year in Choudhury's life when the Kharia tribals brought a female tiger cub found near the Khairi river. [12] He and his wife, Nihar Nalini Swain, took the cub into their care and converted their quarters at Jashipur in such a way to accommodate the wild animal. The cub, named Khairi after the river she was found near, remained with the couple for number of years even after it was full grown. [10] They also reared several other wild animals at their residence such as a crocodile, a bear cub named Jumbu, a blind hyena called Baina and a mongoose, all of them roamed free in his courtyard. [13] [14]
Choudhury was credited with several initiatives in the field of wildlife conservation. He was the first to introduce the pugmark methodology for the census of tigers in India, a technique he introduced while heading the first tiger census in India in 1972 which later became a popular method used all over India. [8] Based on his observations of Khairi and by maintaining a daily log of Khairi's movements, [15] he conducted research on the behaviour patterns of tigers, especially on the topic of pheromones, [3] which helped the later day research of R. L. Brahmachary on the subject. [8] [16] He also introduced the use of tranquilizers for capturing wild tuskers. [2] His studies have been documented by way of several papers published in journals [1] [17] and his autobiographical book, Khairi, The Beloved Tigress. [6]
Choudhury had close ties with other conservationists such as Salim Ali, who supported the initiative to establish Khairi Wildlife Institute, which did not materialise, allegedly due to disinterestedness shown by the authorities. [18] The Government of India awarded him the civilian honour of Padma Shri in 1983. [7] Choudhury, did not survive Khairi for long, [10] [12] after the tigress was euthanised by an overdose of tranquilizers when she contracted rabies from a dog bite. [13]
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Simlipal is a tiger reserve in the Mayurbhanj district in the Indian state of Odisha covering 2,750 km2 (1,060 sq mi). It is part of the Mayurbhanj Elephant Reserve, which includes three protected areas — Similipal Tiger Reserve, Hadgarh Wildlife Sanctuary with 191.06 km2 (73.77 sq mi) and Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary with 272.75 km2 (105.31 sq mi). Simlipal National Park derives its name from the abundance of red silk cotton trees growing in the area.
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Pugmark is the term used to refer to the footprint of most animals. "Pug" means foot in Hindi. Every individual animal species has a distinct pugmark and as such this is used for identification.
A pug impression pad (PIP) is made by preparing a layer of fine soil about 2 cm thick on forest paths so that animals will leave good footprint impressions. PIPs are widely used in India for the census of tigers. The first all-India tiger census in 1972 used this technique.
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Saroj is a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:
Dayanidhi Choudhury, also known as D.N. Choudhury(Odia: ଦୟାନିଧି ଚୌଧୁରୀ)(1 January 1916 – 22 September 2000) was the first Odia IFS and he is the former Chief Conservator of Forest, Govt. of Odisha and during his period lot of developments happened with respect to forest and wildlife conservation, that includes Nandankanan Zoological Park at Bhubaneswar, Similipal Elephant/Tiger reserve in 1956, which is now a prominent National Park in India.
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The 2021 Simplipal forest fires is an ongoing forest fire, occurring in the Indian state of Odisha in March and April 2021. The fires have affected the ecologically sensitive Simplipal Biosphere Reserve, and caused widespread damage to the local environment as well as property and livelihoods.
