Scutiger spinosus

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Scutiger spinosus
Scutiger spinosus adult female.jpg
Adult female Scutiger spinosus
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Megophryidae
Genus: Scutiger
Species:
S. spinosus
Binomial name
Scutiger spinosus
Jiang, Wang, Li, and Che, 2016 [1]

Scutiger spinosus is a species of toad in the family Megophryidae. [2] [3] It is found in Medog County, Tibet (China) and in Tawang district, Arunachal Pradesh (India). [2] Prior to its description in 2016, it was confused with Scutiger nyingchiensis . [1] Common name spiny lazy toad has been coined for it. [1] [2]

Contents

Description

Adult males measure 51–56 mm (2.0–2.2 in) and adult females 54–57 mm (2.1–2.2 in) in snout–vent length. [1] [3] The body is slightly compressed and the head is large. The snout is rounded. Tympanum is totally absent, but the supratympanic fold is distinct. The forelimbs are long whereas the hindlimbs are moderately short. The finger and the toe tips are rounded; the toes have rudimentary webbing. Skin is dorsally very rough and largely covered with tubercles, many of them bearing black spines. Ventral skin is mostly smooth. The upper surfaces are dark brownish gray; the flanks are light brown. There is a triangular pattern on the head, and the sides of the head are dark brown. The upper lip is creamy white with irregular brown mottling. Ventral surfaces are uniform light yellow. [1]

Males have stronger forearms and, in breeding condition, more spines than females. Vocal sac is absent. [1]

Habitat and conservation

Scutiger spinosus occurs in high-altitude mixed forests at elevations of 2,705–4,169 m (8,875–13,678 ft) above sea level. [1] [2] Breeding takes place in slow-flowing streams and small to medium-sized, permanent ponds. The eggs are deposited in doughnut-shaped masses attached to the lower surfaces of logs and rocks. Tadpoles require more than one year to reach metamorphosis and thus overwinter. [1]

As of late 2018, this species had not been included in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. [4]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Scutiger boulengeri</i> Species of amphibian

Scutiger boulengeri is a species of toad in the family Megophryidae. It is found in Nepal, India (Sikkim) and western China. A healthy population has been found at an elevation of 5,270 m (17,290 ft) in one of the lakes in the Gurudongmar Lake complex in Sikkimese Himalaya. This is one of the highest elevations where amphibians have ever been recorded.

Scutiger nyingchiensis is a species of toad found in the Himalayas of southeastern Tibet (China), northwestern Nepal, and tentatively, Bhutan. There are no confirmed records from India; earlier records refer to Scutiger occidentalis or Scutiger spinosus. Its type locality is Nyingchi, Tibet. It is also known as the Nyingchi high altitude toad, Nyingchi alpine toad, or Nyingchi lazy toad.

<i>Scutiger sikimmensis</i> Species of amphibian

Scutiger sikimmensis is a species of toad in the family Megophryidae. It is found in northeastern India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet. Many common names have been coined for this species: Sikkim lazy toad, Sikimmese pelobatid toad, Sikkim high altitude toad, Sikkim spade foot frog, Blyth's short-limbed frog, and Sikkim snow toad. It is very common in the high altitudes of Sikkimese Himalaya.

Atelopus planispina is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the eastern slopes of the Andes of Ecuador. According to the IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, it is restricted to the Napo Province, although other sources suggest somewhat wider range. It has not been seen since 1985 and might already be extinct. Common names Planispina's harlequin frog, Napo stubfoot toad, and flat-spined atelopus have been coined for it.

Scutiger adungensis is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is only known with certainty from two specimens collected in 1931 from Adung Valley in northern Myanmar, near the border to Tibet; there are more recent unconfirmed sightings. Common name Adung lazy toad has been coined for it.

<i>Scutiger</i> (frog) Genus of amphibians

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Scutiger mammatus is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to Western China and known from eastern Tibet, southeastern Qinghai, western Sichuan, and northwestern Yunnan.

Scutiger muliensis is a species of amphibian in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to Sichuan, China, where it is only known from the area of its type locality in Muli county, altitude 3,050–3,400 m (10,010–11,150 ft) asl. Its common name is Muli cat-eyed toad.

<i>Xenophrys</i> Genus of amphibians

Xenophrys is a genus of amphibians in the family Megophryidae. They are found in southeastern Asia to Borneo. Their common name is strange-horned toads.

<i>Nasutixalus jerdonii</i> Species of amphibian

Nasutixalus jerdonii is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is found in the northeastern India, in the West Bengal, Nagaland, Manipur, and Meghalaya states. It range might extend into the adjacent Nepal. The specific name jerdonii honours Thomas C. Jerdon, an English herpetologist. Common names Jerdon's bubble-nest frog, Jerdon's tree frog, and Jerdon's bush frog have been coined for this species.

<i>Philautus kempii</i> Species of frog

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<i>Boulenophrys lini</i> Species of amphibian

Boulenophrys lini is a species of frogs in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to Luoxiao Mountains at the border of the Jiangxi and Hunan provinces in southeastern China. Its specific name honours professor Ying Lin (1914–2003), botanist and vice chancellor of Nanchang University who conducted biodiversity surveys and research in the Jinggang Mountains.

<i>Boulenophrys cheni</i> Species of frog

Boulenophrys cheni is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to the middle Luoxiao Mountains at the border of Jiangxi and Hunan provinces in south-eastern China. Its specific name honours Chen Chunquan, former director of the Jinggang National Nature Reserve.

Scutiger wuguanfui is a species of toad in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to Tibet and only known from its type locality in the Medog County. The specific name wuguanfui honours Wu Guanfu, a Chinese herpetologist. Common names Wu's lazy toad, Medog lazy toad and Medog cat-eyed toad have been coined for it.

Leptobrachium promustache is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is only known from Hekou and Pingbian counties in southern Yunnan, China, and from Lào Cai Province in adjacent northwestern Vietnam. Common name primary moustache toad has been proposed for it.

<i>Nasutixalus</i> Genus of Amphibia

Nasutixalus is a genus of frogs in the family Rhacophoridae. The genus is found in northeastern India and adjacent southeastern Tibet as well as western Yunnan (China); the range might extend into the adjacent Nepal and Myanmar. Common name ridged-nose treefrogs has been coined for this genus.

<i>Oreolalax longmenmontis</i> Species of frog

Oreolalax longmenmontis is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to Sichuan, China, and is only known from its type locality in the White River National Nature Reserve, Pengzhou City. The type locality is in the central part of the Longmen Mountains. Accordingly, common name Longmen Mountains toothed toad has been proposed for this species.

Scutiger ghunsa is a species of toad in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to eastern Nepal and only known from its eponymous type locality, Ghunsa, in the Taplejung District. This species is also known as Ghunsa alpine toad and Ghunsa high altitude toad. Its closest relatives are Scutiger nepalensis and Scutiger sikimmensis.

<i>Leptobrachella suiyangensis</i> Species of frog

Leptobrachella suiyangensis, also known as Suiyang leaf-litter toad, is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to Guizhou province in southern China and so far only known from Huoqiuba Nature Reserve, its type locality in the eponymous Suiyang County.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Jiang, Ke; Wang, Kai; Zou, Da-Hu; Yan, Fang; Li, Pi-Peng & Che, Jing (2016). "A new species of the genus Scutiger (Anura: Megophryidae) from Medog of southeastern Tibet, China". Zoological Research. 37 (1): 21–30. doi:10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.1.21. PMC   4832133 . PMID   26828031.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Frost, Darrel R. (2018). "Scutiger spinosus Jiang, Wang, Li, and Che, 2016". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
  3. 1 2 "Scutiger spinosus Jiang, Wang, Li, and Che, 2016". AmphibiaChina (in Chinese). Kunming Institute of Zoology. 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
  4. ↑ "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" . Retrieved 16 November 2018.
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