Serbian royal titles

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The Serbian monarchs and royalty have assumed several regnal titles and styles throughout history.

Contents

Middle Ages

Regnal titles

Prince of Serbia / the Serbs
Archon of Serbia/Archon of the Serbs (ἄρχων Σερβλίας). ἄρχων ( archon , plural ἄρχοντες, archontes) was used by the Byzantines as a generic title for "prince", "ruler". [1] It is the only royal title that is known to have been used by and for Serbian monarchs during the rule of the Vlastimirović dynasty. The title in Serbian is rendered as knez. [2]
Grand Prince of Serbia / the Serbs
The Serbian veliki župan (велики жупан) was the supreme chieftain in the multi-tribal society. The title signifies overlordship, as the leader of lesser chieftains titled župan . [3] It was used by the Serb rulers in the 11th and 12th centuries. [4] In Greek, it was known as archizoupanos (ἄρχιζουπάνος, "chief župan") and megalos zoupanos or megazoupanos (μεγάλος ζουπάνος and μεγαζουπάνος, both meaning "grand župan"). [4]
King of Serbia / the Serbs
Great King of Serbia / the Serbs
The title was introduced in the 13th century. Stefan the First-Crowned, likely Stefan Uroš I, Stefan Dečanski and Stefan Dušan had the title. [5]
Emperor of the Serbs (Цар Срба)
Emperor of the Serbs and the Greeks ("Emperor and autocrat of Serbia and Rhomania", Bασιλεὺς καὶ αὐτoκράτωρ Σερβίας καὶ Ῥωμανίας)
Despot of Serbia
The rulers of the Serbian Despotate were often mentioned as Lord of the Serbs, Despot. [6] Used after 1402. Initially Despot was a honorific title of Byzantine origin (δεσπότης, despotes), used alongside that of the Lord of the Serbs, but eventually it became synonymous with the Serbian monarchy, as well as its claimants in exile.

Regnal styles of individual rulers

Stefan
The Nemanjić dynasty ruled the Serb lands between ca. 1166 up to 1371. All Serbian rulers after Stephen the First-Crowned added the name Stefan before their birth names after ascending the throne as a manner of honoring the first ruler of their dynasty, Stefan Nemanja. The name Stefan is derived from Greek stephanos, meaning crowned with wreath.
Vukan Nemanjić
In an inscription dating to 1202-1203, Vukan is titled as Grand Župan Vukan, Ruler of all Serbian lands, Zeta, maritime towns and land of Nišava . [7]
Vukašin Mrnjavčević
Lord of the Serbian Land, of the Greeks, and of the Western Provinces (господинь зємли срьбьскои и грькѡмь и западнимь странамь). [8]
Lazar Hrebeljanović

Modern

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stefan Uroš V</span> King (r. 1346-55) and 2nd Tsar (r. 1355-71) of the Serbian Empire

Saint Stefan Uroš V, known in historiography and folk tradition as Uroš the Weak, was the second Emperor (Tsar) of the Serbian Empire (1355–1371), and before that he was Serbian King and co-ruler with his father, Emperor Stefan Dušan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stefan the First-Crowned</span> King of Serbia from 1217 to 1228

Stefan Nemanjić II, or Stefan the First-Crowned, was the Grand Prince of Serbia from 1196 and the King of Serbia from 1217 until his death in 1228. He was the first Rascian king; due to his transformation of the Serbian Grand Principality into the Kingdom of Serbia and the assistance he provided his brother Saint Sava in establishing the Serbian Orthodox Church, he is regarded one of the most important members of the Nemanjić dynasty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lazar of Serbia</span> Medieval Serbian ruler

Lazar Hrebeljanović was a medieval Serbian ruler who created the largest and most powerful state on the territory of the disintegrated Serbian Empire. Lazar's state, referred to by historians as Moravian Serbia, comprised the basins of the Great Morava, West Morava, and South Morava rivers. Lazar ruled Moravian Serbia from 1373 until his death in 1389. He sought to resurrect the Serbian Empire and place himself at its helm, claiming to be the direct successor of the Nemanjić dynasty, which went extinct in 1371 after ruling over Serbia for two centuries. Lazar's programme had the full support of the Serbian Orthodox Church, but the Serbian nobility did not recognize him as their supreme ruler. He is often referred to as Tsar Lazar Hrebeljanović ; however, he only held the title of prince.

Grand prince or great prince is a title of nobility ranked in honour below emperor, equal of king or archduke and above a sovereign prince.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vojislavljević dynasty</span>

The Vojislavljević was a Serbian medieval dynasty, named after archon Stefan Vojislav, who wrested the polities of Duklja, Travunia, Zahumlje, inner Serbia and Bosnia from the Byzantines in the mid-11th century. His successors, kings Mihailo I Vojislavljević and Constantine Bodin expanded and consolidated the state. During the 12th century, the main line of the Vojislavljević family was ousted by their cadet branch, the Vukanović, in the late 12th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vukan Nemanjić</span> Grand Župan Vukan, Ruler of all Serbian land, Zeta, maritime towns and land of Nišava

Vukan Nemanjić was the Grand Prince of the Grand Principality of Serbia from 1202 to 1204. He was the Grand Prince of Pomorje from 1195 until his death. He was the eldest, but his father had instead chosen his younger brother Stefan as heir, as soon as his father died, he plotted against his brother, Stefan II Nemanjić, and took the throne by force, in a coup assisted by the Kingdom of Hungary. He was defeated two years later, and was pardoned by his third brother, who became Saint Sava, and he continued to rule his appanage of Zeta unpunished.

Grand, Great or Chief Župan is the English rendering of a South Slavic Serbian title which relate etymologically to Župan.

The Vukanović dynasty, was a medieval Serbian dynasty that ruled over inner Serbia, centered in the Raška region, during the 11th and 12th century. Several members of the Vukanović dynasty also ruled in some other regions. The house may have descended from the Vojislavljević dynasty of Duklja. Vukanović dynasty was later succeeded in Serbia by the closely related Nemanjić dynasty.

Tihomir of Serbia was the Grand Prince of the Grand Principality of Serbia (1166).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emperor of the Serbs</span> Royal title of the rulers of the Serbian Empire (1345-71)

Between 1345 and 1371, the Serbian monarch was self-titled emperor (tsar). The full title was initially Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks, later Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks and Bulgarians in Serbian and basileus and autokrator of Serbia and Romania ["the land of the Romans"] in Greek. This title was soon enlarged into "Emperor and Autocrat of the Serbs and Greeks, the Bulgarians and Albanians". The Serbian Empire was ruled by only two monarchs; Stefan Dušan and Stefan Uroš V. Two other claimants of the title ruled in Thessaly, Central Greece.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrea Gropa</span>

Andrea Gropa was a 14th-century Albanian nobleman who ruled the region and the city of Ohrid, first as a minor vassal for a very short time (župan) to Serbian King Vukašin Mrnjavčević, then as independent after 1370. He was a rival to Prince Marko and together with Andrea II Muzaka managed to take Prilep and Kostur from him. He hailed from the noble Gropa family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grand Principality of Serbia</span> Serbian state between 1091 and 1217

Grand Principality of Serbia, or Rascia, was a medieval Serbian state that existed from the second half of the 11th century up until 1217, when it was transformed into the Kingdom of Serbia. Initially, the Grand Principality of Serbia emerged in the historical region of Raška, and gradually expanded, during the 12th century, encompassing various neighboring regions, including territories of modern Montenegro, Herzegovina, and southern Dalmatia. It was founded by Grand Prince Vukan, who initially served as regional governor of Raška, appointed by King Constantine Bodin. During Byzantine-Serbian wars Vukan gained prominence and became self-governing ruler in inner Serbian regions. He founded the Vukanović dynasty, that ruled the Grand Principality. Through diplomatic ties with the Kingdom of Hungary, Vukan′s successors managed to retain their self-governance, while also recognizing the supreme overlordship of the Byzantine Empire, up to 1180. Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja (1166–1196) gained full independence and united almost all Serbian lands. His son, Grand Prince Stefan was crowned King of Serbia in 1217, while his younger son Saint Sava became the first Archbishop of Serbs, in 1219.

In the medieval Serbian states, the privileged class consisted of nobility and clergy, distinguished from commoners, part of the feudal society. The Serbian nobility were roughly grouped into magnates, the upper stratum, and the lesser nobility (vlasteličići). Serbia followed the government model established by the Byzantine Empire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dejanović noble family</span>

The Dejanović or Dragaš, originates from a medieval noble family that served the Serbian Empire of Dušan the Mighty and Uroš the Weak, and during the fall of the Serbian Empire, after the Battle of Maritsa (1371), it became an Ottoman vassal. The family was one of the most prominent during these periods. The family held a region roughly centered where the borders of Serbia, Bulgaria and North Macedonia meet. The last two Byzantine Emperors were maternal descendants of the house.

In the Medieval Serbian state, a range of court and honorific titles were used.

There has been many regnal styles of Serbian sovereigns.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coronation of the Serbian monarch</span>

The accession of the Serbian monarch was legitimised by a coronation ceremony, which was carried out by church officials.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Branko Mladenović</span>

Branko was a Serbian magnate who served to king and emperor Stefan Dušan, and emperor Stefan Uroš V, with the titles of sluga and later sevastokrator. A member of an old and respectable family, possibly descending from the Serbian dynasty itself, Branko began his royal service in the nearest circle of the ruler. After the elevation of the Serbian state to the Empire (1346), Branko received the second-highest court title, sevastokrator, usually given to relatives. He governed the Ohrid region. Branko had three sons and a daughter, of whom Vuk Branković would become an important person in the period of the Fall of the Serbian Empire.

References

  1. Fine 1991, p. 102
  2. Fine 1991, p. 141
  3. Francis William Carter; David Turnock (1999). The States of Eastern Europe. Ashgate. p. 252. ISBN   978-1-85521-512-2.
  4. 1 2 Сима Ћирковић; Раде Михальчић (1999). Лексикон српског средњег века. Knowledge. p. 73. ISBN   9788683233014. ВЕЛИКИ ЖУПАН - 1. Титула српског владара у XI и XII веку. Гласила је велнм жупднк и била превођена одговарајућим терминима, грчки арџ- ^огтагот, игуа^огтауге, цеуаХа? ^огтожх, латин- ски те^ајирапиз, та§пиз ...
  5. Svetislav Mandić (1986). Velika gospoda sve srpske zemlje i drugi prosopografski prilozi. Srpska književna zadruga. p. 60. ISBN   9788637900122. Велики краљ
  6. Veselinović, p. 45
  7. Konstantin Jirecek, Geschichte der Serben 1, Gotha 1911,p.289
  8. Miklošič 1858, p. 180, № CLXVII.
  9. Fine 1994, p. 393
  10. Mihaljčić 2001, pp. 78–115
  11. Jovan Ilić (1995). The Serbian question in the Balkans. Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade. ISBN   9788682657019. Prince Lazar is for Hungary the "Prince of the Kingdom of Rascia"

Sources