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Paddlefish are a family of ray-finned fish belonging to order Acipenseriformes,and one of two living groups of the order alongside sturgeons (Acipenseridae). They are distinguished from other fish by their elongated rostra,which are thought to enhance electroreception to detect prey. Paddlefish have been referred to as "primitive fish" because the Acipenseriformes are among the earliest diverging lineages of ray-finned fish,having diverged from all other living groups over 300 million years ago. Paddlefish are almost exclusively North American and Chinese,both extant and in the fossil record.
The American paddlefish,also known as a Mississippi paddlefish,spoon-billed cat,or spoonbill,is a species of ray-finned fish. It is the last living species of paddlefish (Polyodontidae). This family is most closely related to the sturgeons;together they make up the order Acipenseriformes,which are one of the most primitive living groups of ray-finned fish. Fossil records of other paddlefish species date back 125 million years to the Early Cretaceous,with records of Polyodon extending back 65 million years to the early Paleocene. The American paddlefish is a smooth-skinned freshwater fish with an almost entirely cartilaginous skeleton and a paddle-shaped rostrum (snout),which extends nearly one-third its body length. It has been referred to as a freshwater shark because of its heterocercal tail or caudal fin resembling that of sharks,though it is not closely related. The American paddlefish is a highly derived fish because it has evolved specialised adaptations such as filter feeding. Its rostrum and cranium are covered with tens of thousands of sensory receptors for locating swarms of zooplankton,its primary food source. The only other species of paddlefish that survived to modern times was the Chinese paddlefish,last sighted in 2003 in the Yangtze River in China and considered to have gone extinct no later than 2010.
The Indian prawn is one of the major commercial prawn species of the world. It is found in the Indo-West Pacific from eastern and south-eastern Africa,through India,Malaysia and Indonesia to southern China and northern Australia. Adult shrimp grow to a length of about 22 cm (9 in) and live on the seabed to depths of about 90 m (300 ft). The early developmental stages take place in the sea before the larvae move into estuaries. They return to the sea as sub-adults.
Caviar is a food consisting of salt-cured roe of the family Acipenseridae. Caviar is considered a delicacy and is eaten as a garnish or spread. Traditionally,the term caviar refers only to roe from wild sturgeon in the Caspian Sea and Black Sea. The term caviar can also describe the roe of other species of sturgeon or other fish such as paddlefish,salmon,steelhead,trout,lumpfish,whitefish,or carp.
The Chinook salmon is the largest and most valuable species of Pacific salmon. Its common name is derived from the Chinookan peoples. Other vernacular names for the species include king salmon,Quinnat salmon,Tsumen,spring salmon,chrome hog,Blackmouth,and Tyee salmon. The scientific species name is based on the Russian common name chavycha (чавыча).
Marine shrimp farming is an aquaculture business for the cultivation of marine shrimp or prawns for human consumption. Although traditional shrimp farming has been carried out in Asia for centuries,large-scale commercial shrimp farming began in the 1970s,and production grew steeply,particularly to match the market demands of the United States,Japan and Western Europe. The total global production of farmed shrimp reached more than 1.6 million tonnes in 2003,representing a value of nearly 9 billion U.S. dollars. About 75% of farmed shrimp is produced in Asia,in particular in China and Thailand. The other 25% is produced mainly in Latin America,where Brazil,Ecuador,and Mexico are the largest producers. The largest exporting nation is India.
Shrimp farming is a form of aquaculture that takes place in marine or freshwater environments,producing shrimp or prawns for human consumption. However,the industry has raised concerns about environmental damage to mangrove ecosystems,reliance on slave labor,and animal welfare issues.
Broodstock,or broodfish,are a group of mature individuals used in aquaculture for breeding purposes. Broodstock can be a population of animals maintained in captivity as a source of replacement for,or enhancement of,seed and fry numbers. These are generally kept in ponds or tanks in which environmental conditions such as photoperiod,temperature and pH are controlled. Such populations often undergo conditioning to ensure maximum fry output. Broodstock can also be sourced from wild populations where they are harvested and held in maturation tanks before their seed is collected for grow-out to market size or the juveniles returned to the sea to supplement natural populations. This method,however,is subject to environmental conditions and can be unreliable seasonally,or annually. Broodstock management can improve seed quality and number through enhanced gonadal development and fecundity.
A fish hatchery is a place for artificial breeding,hatching,and rearing through the early life stages of animals—finfish and shellfish in particular. Hatcheries produce larval and juvenile fish,shellfish,and crustaceans,primarily to support the aquaculture industry where they are transferred to on-growing systems,such as fish farms,to reach harvest size. Some species that are commonly raised in hatcheries include Pacific oysters,shrimp,Indian prawns,salmon,tilapia and scallops.
The Pacific oyster,Japanese oyster,or Miyagi oyster is an oyster native to the Pacific coast of Asia. It has become an introduced species in North America,Australia,Europe,and New Zealand.
Oyster farming is an aquaculture practice in which oysters are bred and raised mainly for their pearls,shells and inner organ tissue,which is eaten. Oyster farming was practiced by the ancient Romans as early as the 1st century BC on the Italian peninsula and later in Britain for export to Rome. The French oyster industry has relied on aquacultured oysters since the late 18th century.
White sturgeon is a species of sturgeon in the family Acipenseridae of the order Acipenseriformes. They are an anadromous (migratory) fish species ranging in the Eastern Pacific;from the Gulf of Alaska to Monterey,California. However,some are landlocked in the Columbia River Drainage,Montana,and Lake Shasta in California,with reported sightings in northern Baja California,Mexico.
The Siberian sturgeon is a species of sturgeon in the family Acipenseridae. It is most present in all of the major Siberian river basins that drain northward into the Kara,Laptev and East Siberian Seas,including the Ob,Yenisei Lena,and Kolyma Rivers. It was also found in Kazakhstan and China in the Irtysh River,a major tributary of the Ob,though wild populations are extirpated in China. The species epithet honors the German Russian biologist Karl Ernst von Baer.
This page is a list of fishing topics.
Aquaculture in Australia is the country's fastest-growing primary industry,accounting for 34% of the total gross value of production of seafood. 10 species of fish are farmed in Australia,and production is dominated by southern bluefin tuna,Atlantic salmon and barramundi. Mud crabs have also been cultivated in Australia for many years,sometimes leading to over-exploitation. Traditionally,this aquaculture was limited to table oysters and pearls,but since the early 1970s,there has been significant research and commercial development of other forms of aquaculture,including finfish,crustaceans,and molluscs.
The aquaculture of salmonids is the farming and harvesting of salmonid fish under controlled conditions for both commercial and recreational purposes. Salmonids,along with carp and tilapia,are the three most important fish groups in aquaculture. The most commonly commercially farmed salmonid is the Atlantic salmon.
Scallop aquaculture is the commercial activity of cultivating (farming) scallops until they reach a marketable size and can be sold as a consumer product. Wild juvenile scallops,or spat,were collected for growing in Japan as early as 1934. The first attempts to fully cultivate scallops in farm environments were not recorded until the 1950s and 1960s. Traditionally,fishing for wild scallops has been the preferred practice,since farming can be expensive. However worldwide declines in wild scallop populations have resulted in the growth of aquaculture. Globally the scallop aquaculture industry is now well established,with a reported annual production totalling over 1,200,000 metric tonnes from about 12 species. China and Japan account for about 90% of the reported production.
Offshore aquaculture,also known as open water aquaculture or open ocean aquaculture,is an emerging approach to mariculture where fish farms are positioned in deeper and less sheltered waters some distance away from the coast,where the cultivated fish stocks are exposed to more naturalistic living conditions with stronger ocean currents and more diverse nutrient flow. Existing "offshore" developments fall mainly into the category of exposed areas rather than fully offshore. As maritime classification society DNV GL has stated,development and knowledge-building are needed in several fields for the available deeper water opportunities to be realized.
Sea cucumber stocks have been overexploited in the wild,resulting in incentives to grow them by aquaculture. Aquaculture means the sea cucumbers are farmed in contained areas where they can be cultured in a controlled manner. In China,sea cucumbers are cultured,along with prawns and some fish species,in integrated multi-trophic systems. In these systems,the sea cucumbers feed on the waste and feces from the other species. In this manner,what would otherwise be polluting byproducts from the culture of the other species become a valuable resource that is turned into a marketable product.
Russian Caviar House is a Russian group of companies that grows sturgeon and sells black caviar. It is Russia's largest producer of black caviar.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Leschin-Hoar, Clare. ""Roe Crops: How Sacramento Became the Caviar Capital of the U.S." (2013)". California Sea Grant, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Alumni and Friends: Serge I. Doroshov". UC Davis, Department of Animal Science. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
- 1 2 3 Egel, Benjy (21 January 2022). "America's caviar capital: Here's how an unlikely export found a home in Sacramento County". Sacramento Bee. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
- ↑ Bailey, Pat. "Sturgeon Researcher's Vision Spawns Thriving Industry (2002)". UC Davis News. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
- ↑ Keene, Lauren (7 January 2022). "Deputy Police Chief Calls it a Career". The Davis Enterprise. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
- 1 2 Anderson, Randall S. "Columbia River Sturgeon (1989)" (PDF). NOAA Institutional Repository. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
- ↑ "Living: Caviar Emptor". Time. 3 July 1978. Retrieved 8 October 2024.
- ↑ Mackay, Jonathan. "Sturgeon Aquaculture Tour (2015)". Aquaculture Matters. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
- 1 2 Kuz, Martin. "The Incredible Edible Eggs (Dec. 2009)". Sactown Magazine. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
- ↑ Fulmer, Melinda (13 May 2001). "Cultivating a Niche for Farmed Caviar". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
I don't think it's going to be a big boom," Doroshov said. He admitted, though, that the United States' status as the second-largest importer of caviar probably will help the chances of many upstarts.
- ↑ "Cast, Sturgeon: Ancient Survivors of the Deep". Internet Movie Database (IMDb). Retrieved 8 October 2024.