Shalu Nigam

Last updated

Shalu Nigam
NationalityIndian
EducationPh.D., MA Social Work, LLB
Alma mater
OccupationLawyer
Known for

Shalu Nigam is an Indian lawyer, feminist legal scholar, and author. She was the petitioner in the landmark case Shalu Nigam v. Regional Passport Officer, decided on 17 May 2016, which held that passports can be issued without requiring the name of the father. [1]

Contents

Biography

Shalu Nigam is a lawyer, [2] feminist legal scholar and author. She is a TEDx speaker. [3]

Her books include Domestic violence in India: What one should know? (a resource book), Women and Domestic Violence Law in India: A Quest for Justice, Domestic Violence Law in India: Myth and Misogyny, Dowry is a Serious Economic Violence: Rethinking Dowry Law in India, and Single Mothers, Patriarchy and Citizenship in India: Rethinking Lone Motherhood through the Lens of Socio-legal and Policy Framework. She also co-authored The Founding Mothers: 15 Women Architect of the Indian Constitution. She is a contributor to Countercurrents.org , [4] Mainstream Weekly, [5] and the South Asia Journal. [6]

Education and career

Nigam has graduated from the Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi in 1990. She received her LLB from Delhi University, and a degree in MA in Social Work from Jamia Millia Islamia. She also obtained her doctorate in Social Work from Jamia Millia Islamia in 2002. The topic of her research was "Changing doctor-patient relationship with special reference to the consumer protection act,1986" [7]

Her post-doctoral fellowship at the Centre for Women's Development Studies was supported by the Indian Council of Social Science Research. [8]

She has also been associated with and served as a Secretary of the People's Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) Delhi. [9] [10] More specifically, she curated the Delhi PUCL internship program for the students from the law and social sciences background.

She started her career working with the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, Delhi office. Previously, she has worked with the Indian Social Institute, New Delhi on legal literacy, gender sensitization, legal awareness, legal research, training of para legals, training of trainers on human rights, prison reforms, and legal aid, besides preparing legal modules, training manuals, booklets and other training material [11]

She is also associated with the Impact and Policy Research Institute, Delhi as a Visiting Senior Fellow [12] and initiated the Law and Public Policy Youth Fellowship as a Convener and Fellowship Lead Advisor [13] as well as the web online course on Ending Violence Against Women [14] as a Convener [15] and Master Trainer.

Nigam has been cited for her expertise on issues related to the rights of women, including legal and other protections for survivors of domestic violence, [16] [17] Battered Woman Syndrome, [18] the right of self-defense, [19] marital rape law, [20] [21] property rights, [22] caste and the status of women, [23] backlash against women's rights in the COVID-19 era, [24] and the increase in violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic. [25] She has also been cited for her advocacy related to education in India. [26] [27] She is also known for her work on lawyers' dress, [28] [29] women human rights defenders, [30] vaccine equity [31] [32] and on transparency in governance [33]

Advocacy

In April 2018, she joined the group of lawyers in Delhi who took out a silent protest march demanding that the lawyers in the Kathua rape case in Jammu and Kashmir who stood for the accused should be punished by the cancellation of licenses. [34]

In 2020, she was one of over 600 activists, lawyers and academics who called for the release of Sudha Bharadwaj and Shoma Sen. [35] On 15 July 2020, she joined other lawyers and wrote to the Chief Justice of Patna High Court regarding the treatment of survivors of violent sexual crimes in the Araria District Court. [36]

In July 2021, Nigam joined 900 individuals and groups condemning and calling for action against hate speech and misogyny directed at Muslim women online. [37] [38] In August 2021 she joined over 650 women's rights activists and others who have denounced Union minority affairs’ minister Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi’s decision to commemorate the criminalisation of instant triple talaq as ‘Muslim Women’s Rights Day’. [39] In November, 2021, she joined over 200 eminent citizens, including professors, civil servants, journalists and prominent activists who wrote an open letter to the Chief Justice of India, to draw his attention to the pending status of key matters in Supreme Court, covering issues from sedition, farm laws, Citizenship Amendment Act, electoral bonds among others. [40]

In February 2022, she joined legal academics, lawyers, and students to write an open letter against the Karnataka High Court judgment that denied entry to young Muslim women wearing the hijab in the educational spaces. [41] In May 2022, she joined a group of academics and professionals to write a letter to the Chief Minister of Delhi against demolition carried out in Jahangirpuri resettlement colony in Delhi [42] In June 2022, she joined 300 citizens and wrote to the Chief Justice of India against the arrest of activist Teesta Setalvad and RB Sreekumar [43] In August 2022, Nigam joined 6000 citizens to speak in support of continuous struggle of Bilkis Bano for justice after the State of Gujarat issued an order for remission of sentences for 11 convicts of gangrape and mass murder on the independence day [44]

In 2023, she joined over 550 individuals and organizations to condemn violence and divisive politics in Manipur. [45] Along with 500 citizens, activists, and organizations, she condemned misuse of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act against scholars and activists. [46] She also joined 1150 activists, lawyers, academics, and concerned citizens to condemn brutal police action against protesting women wrestlers who were demanding justice in the cases of sexual harassment against the chief of Wrestling Federation of India. [47]

In December 2023, she became a signatory to the International Convention Against War and Destructive Use of Science: Scientists Against Israel Apartheid, Occupation and Genocide in Gaza along with 500 scientists and academics from 40 countries [48]

Nigam along with many other civil society activists and organizations also wrote an open letter to the Chief Justice of India on the suppression of free speech and action against peaceful protestors to stifle democratic dissent. [49] In 2024, she joined over 2200 citizens and wrote to the Chief Election Commissioner of India to take action against the hate speeches by the politicians during elections. [50] She along with 250 activists and scholars to condemn raids on Harsh Mander and his NGO. [51]

In August 2024, along with fellow Indian citizens, she condemned the brutal state violence in Bangladesh and expressed solidarity for the struggles to establish peace and democracy [52]

Shalu Nigam v. Regional Passport Officer

Her daughter was born on 24 August 1997, and raised by Nigam, who had divorced her biological father. [53] According to Nigam, her child was rejected by her father because she is female. [54] [53] In 2005 and 2011, Nigam was able to obtain a passport for her daughter without providing the name of her father, but at the next renewal, the computer application required it. [53] Nigam brought a case to the Delhi High Court based on a violation of the right of her daughter to determine her name and identity. [54] [53] Nigam also asserted an injury to her daughter, if she was required to record the name of her father, due to the nature of the rejection by her father. [55]

The Regional Passport Office (RPO) attorney argued RPO regulations forbade the removal of the name of a parent due to divorce, and argued it was an established legal principle that the dissolution of a parent-child relationship could only occur due to adoption. [56] The Court found no legal requirement for the inclusion of the name of the father and directed that the computer software be changed to allow the issuance of the passport without requiring the name of the father. [53] In its 17 May 2016 decision, the Court also stated, "This court also takes judicial notice of the fact that families of single parents are on the increase due to various reasons like unwed mothers, sex workers, surrogate mothers, rape survivors, children abandoned by father and also children born through IVF technology." [55] [56]

After advocacy by Women and Child Development Minister Maneka Gandhi to Foreign Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj about the need to amend the passport rules for single women, a panel was created in July 2016 to debate and recommend changes, and its recommendations to ease the requirements were informed by the case. [57] In December 2016, the Ministry of External Affairs announced new passport rules based on the panel recommendations, including to allow only one parent to be listed in the application. [58] [59]

Several scholars have noted the impact of the case on the rights of women in India. [60] [55]

Selected works

Books

Chapters

Papers

More

In Hindi

Personal Life

Nigam is a single mother and a survivor of violence [85]

See also

Related Research Articles

The men's rights movement (MRM) is a branch of the men's movement. The MRM in particular consists of a variety of groups and individuals known as men's rights activists (MRAs) who focus on social issues, such as specific government services, which adversely impact, or in some cases, structurally discriminate against, men and boys. Common topics discussed within the men's rights movement include family law, such as child custody, alimony and marital property distribution; reproduction; suicide; domestic violence against men; false accusations of rape; circumcision; education; conscription; social safety nets; and health policies. The men's rights movement branched off from the men's liberation movement in the early 1970s, with both groups comprising a part of the larger men's movement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Femicide</span> Murder of women or girls because of their sex

Femicide or feminicide is a term for the murdering of females, often because of their gender. Femicide can be perpetrated by either sex but is more often committed by men. This is most likely due to unequal power between men and women as well as harmful gender roles, stereotypes, or social norms.

Dowry deaths are deaths of married women who are murdered or driven to suicide over disputes about dowry. Dowry deaths are found predominantly in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Iran. For context, dowry are the material exchange that the brides give the groom's side in the course of a wedding.

Ruth Manorama is a Dalit social activist from Bangalore, India who fights for Dalit women's rights, the rights of domestic workers and those in the unorganized labour sector, as well as urban slum dwellers. In 2006, she was awarded the Right Livelihood Award.

Save Indian Family Foundation (SIFF) is a men's rights group in India. It is a registered, non-funded, non-profit, non-governmental organization (NGO) and works with various like-minded NGOs in India.

The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to protect women from domestic violence. The law came into force on 26 October 2006. For the first time in Indian law, the Act defines "domestic violence", with the definition being broad and including not only physical violence, but also other forms of violence such as emotional, verbal, sexual and psychological abuse. It is a civil law meant primarily for protection orders, rather than criminal enforcement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Feminism in India</span>

Feminism in India is a set of movements aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights and opportunities for women in India. It is the pursuit of women's rights within the society of India. Like their feminist counterparts all over the world, feminists in India seek gender equality: the right to work for equality in wages, the right to equal access to health and education, and equal political rights. Indian feminists also have fought against culture-specific issues within India's patriarchal society, such as inheritance laws.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBTQ rights in India</span>

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people in India face legal and social challenges not experienced by non-LGBTQ people. There are no legal restrictions against gay sex within India. Same-sex couples have some limited cohabitation rights, colloquially known as live-in relationships. However, India does not currently provide for common-law marriage, same-sex marriage, civil union, guardianship, unregistered cohabitation or issue partnership certificates.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Men's rights movement in India</span>

The men's rights movement in India is composed of various independent men's rights organisations in India. Proponents of the movement support the introduction of gender-neutral legislation and repeal of laws that are biased against men.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBTQ rights in Nepal</span>

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBTQ) rights in Nepal have expanded in the 21st century, though much of Nepal's advancements on LGBT rights have come from the judiciary and not the legislature. Same-sex sexual acts have been legal in Nepal since 2007 after a ruling by the Supreme Court of Nepal.

Gender inequality in India refers to health, education, economic and political inequalities between men and women in India. Various international gender inequality indices rank India differently on each of these factors, as well as on a composite basis, and these indices are controversial.

Cohabitation in India is legal. It is prevalent mostly among the people living in metro cities in India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Domestic violence in India</span>

Domestic violence in India includes any form of violence suffered by a person from a biological relative but typically is the violence suffered by a woman by male members of her family or relatives. Although men also suffer domestic violence, the law under IPC 498A specifically protects only women. Specifically only a woman can file a case of domestic violence. According to a National Family and Health Survey in 2005, total lifetime prevalence of domestic violence was 33.5% and 8.5% for sexual violence among women aged 15–49. A 2014 study in The Lancet reports that although the reported sexual violence rate in India is among the lowest in the world, the large population of India means that the violence affects 27.5 million women over their lifetimes. However, an opinion survey among experts carried out by the Thomson Reuters Foundation ranked India as the most dangerous country in the world for women.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kamla Bhasin</span> Indian social scientist (1946–2021)

Kamla Bhasin was an Indian developmental feminist activist, poet, author and social scientist. Bhasin's work, that began in 1970, focused on gender education, human development and the media. She lived in New Delhi, India. She was best known for her work with Sangat - A Feminist Network and for her poem Kyunki main ladki hoon, mujhe padhna hai. In 1995, she recited a refurbished, feminist version of the popular poem Azadi (Freedom) in a conference. She was also the South Asia coordinator of One Billion Rising.

Prem Chowdhry is an Indian social scientist, historian, and Senior Academic Fellow at the Indian Council of Historical Research, New Delhi. She is a feminist and critic of violence against couples refusing arranged marriages.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Violence against women in India</span> Public health issue of violent acts against women

Violence against women in India refers to physical or sexual violence committed against a woman, typically by a man.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vrinda Grover</span> Indian lawyer, researcher, and human rights activist

Vrinda Grover is a lawyer, researcher, and human rights and women's rights activist based in New Delhi, India. As a lawyer, she has appeared in prominent human rights cases and represented women and child survivors of domestic and sexual violence; victims and survivors of communal massacre, extrajudicial killings and custodial torture; sexual minorities; trade unions; and political activists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Centre for Women's Development Studies</span> Women and gender organisation in India

The Centre for Women's Development Studies (CWDS) is a non-governmental organisation based in Delhi, India. It was founded in 1980 by a group of scholars and activists committed to expanding and transforming notions of gender research and action across the social sciences. The establishment of the centre was a direct outcome of the experiences of its founders - some of them had been an integral part of the path-breaking Towards Equality while others had participated in the Indian Council of Social Science Research's introduction of women's studies (1976–80). One of the founders was Vina Mazumdar; she was also the original director.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Legal recognition of non-binary gender</span>

Multiple countries legally recognize non-binary or third gender classifications. These classifications are typically based on a person's gender identity. In some countries, such classifications may only be available to intersex people, born with sex characteristics that "do not fit the typical definitions for male or female bodies."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence</span> Aspect of viral outbreak

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries reported an increase in domestic violence and intimate partner violence. United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres, noting the "horrifying global surge", called for a domestic violence "ceasefire". UN Women stated that COVID-19 created "conditions for abuse that are ideal for abusers because it forced people into lockdown" thus causing a "shadow pandemic" that exacerbated preexisting issues with domestic violence globally.

References

  1. ↑ "Shalu Nigam & Anr vs The Regional Passport Officer & ... on 17 May, 2016". indiankanoon.org.
  2. ↑ Sood, Yoshita; Showkat, Seerat (2018). "Ramifications of the Dearth of Female Representation in Indian Judiciary: An Appraisal" (PDF). International Journal of Policy Sciences and Law. 1 (3): 1237. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  3. ↑ "TEDxSIBMBengaluru | TED". www.ted.com. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  4. ↑ "Adv Dr Shalu Nigam, Author At Countercurrents".
  5. ↑ "2024 - Mainstream Weekly". www.mainstreamweekly.net. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  6. ↑ "Shalu Nigam". South Asia Journal. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  7. ↑ Shalu Nigam, Jamia Millia Islamia (2001). "Changing doctor-patient relationship with special reference to the consumer protection act,1986" . Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  8. ↑ "Visiting Fellows". Centre for Women's Development Studies. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  9. ↑ "PUCL Bulletin" (PDF). PUCL Bulletin, Vol. XXXX. No. 2. February 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  10. ↑ "FIR against Mandeep Punia attack on freedom of press: PUCL". Two Circles . 2 February 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  11. ↑ Nigam, Shalu (April 2008). "Legal Literacy: A Tool for Empowerment". SSRN. Social Action Vol. 58 No. 2 pp. 216-226. SSRN   2976377 . Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  12. ↑ "Shalu Nigam - Impact And Policy Research Institute (IMPRI)". www.impriindia.com. 14 August 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  13. ↑ "LPPYF Law And Public Policy Youth Fellowship - IMPRI Impact And Policy Research Institute". www.impriindia.com. 9 April 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  14. ↑ "Ending Violence Against Women: Awareness Of Laws And Policies In India - IMPRI Impact And Policy Research Institute". www.impriindia.com. 25 January 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  15. ↑ "Ending Gender-based Violence - Cohort 2: Awareness Of Policies & Governance - IMPRI Impact And Policy Research Institute". www.impriindia.com. 6 December 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  16. ↑ Rajvanshi, Astha (24 June 2020). "India's women are suffering under lockdown". Institute of Current World Affairs . Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  17. ↑ Hossain, Md. Elias; Najib, Arshadina Umara; Islam, Md. Zahidul (2020). "Combating Domestic Violence during COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh: Using a Mobile Application integrated with an Effective Solution". 2020 23rd International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT). pp. 1–6. doi:10.1109/ICCIT51783.2020.9392691. ISBN   978-1-6654-2244-4. S2CID   233197054.
  18. ↑ Deb, Aishwarya (30 May 2018). "Battered Woman Syndrome: Prospect of Situating It within Criminal Law in India". doi:10.2139/ssrn.3458792. SSRN   3458792 . Retrieved 24 July 2021.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  19. ↑ Mantri, Geetika (20 May 2017). "Can Kerala woman who cut 'rapist' godman's penis plead self defence? Experts weigh in". The News Minute . Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  20. ↑ Gupta Aashna, 3 May 2021 (3 May 2021). "Marital Rape in India – An (Un)Recognised Offence The social, cultural, and legal contexts of marital rape in India". Critical Edges. Retrieved 27 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  21. ↑ Patel, Krina (2019). "The Gap in Marital Rape Law in India: Advocating for Criminalization and Social Change". Fordham International Law Journal. 42 (5): 1019–1046. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  22. ↑ Mishra, Sourav (30 September 2005). "Agricultural land rights for women". DownToEarth. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  23. ↑ Sutradhar, Ruman (May 2015). "What Caused Marginalization: A Study of the Tea Plantation Women of Cachar". International Journal of Science and Research. 4 (5): 2773. ISSN   2319-7064.
  24. ↑ "'Constructive hope' in the constant struggle for women's rights, 25 years after the Beijing Conference". Australian Human Rights Institute. 3 December 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  25. ↑ Ganesh S., Selva; Chandran, RK; Lambodaran, G; Manodh, Pedamally (December 2020). "COVID-19: Current Status and Future Strategies to Control the Spread in the State of Tamil Nadu, India". Medico-legal Update. 20 (4): 2201.
  26. ↑ Kumar, Sunil (21 August 2005). "Mystery of the missing girls". Financial Express. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  27. ↑ Kabilan, Kannalmozhi. "The Value of Inclusive Education and its Benefits". ParentCircle . Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  28. ↑ Pramar, Karan (23 August 2021). "The Advocates' Dress Code -Let Us Make It More Indian And Suitable To Our Climate". LiveLaw.in. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  29. ↑ Ahmed, Jalal Uddin (11 October 2017). "Shades of the Colonial Past: Wigs and Robes in the courts of Bangladesh". FutureLaw.org. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  30. ↑ https://assets.survivalinternational.org/documents/2057/Brutalized_for_resistance.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]
  31. ↑ Tarigan MI, Hafandi R (2021). "Equal Access to the Vaccination of Covid-19 in Southeast Asia: Can ASEAN be a Catalyst?". Hasanuddin Law Review. 7 (2). HLR: 119. doi: 10.20956/halrev.v7i2.2875 . S2CID   237787542 . Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  32. ↑ Sangiovanni, Paola (August 2021). "Worldwide: Are Patents To Blame For Scarcity Of Vaccines?". mondaq.com. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  33. ↑ Cañizares Espada, Manuela and Muñoz Colomina, Clara Isabel and Pérez Estébanez, Raquel and Urquía Grande, Elena, January 2021. "Transparency and Accessibility in Municipalities: The Case of Social Services in Spain". UCM.ES. Retrieved 24 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  34. ↑ "Protesting lawyers take out silent march from Indian Law Institute to Bar Council of India in Delhi". Firstpost. 14 April 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  35. ↑ "Over 600 Citizens Call for Temporary Release of Sudha Bharadwaj, Shoma Sen From Byculla Jail". The Wire. 25 May 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  36. ↑ "Letter from Lawyers to the Hon'ble Chief Justice of Patna High Court and other Hon'ble Judges" (PDF). LiveLaw.in. 15 July 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  37. ↑ Pandey, Shrutika (16 July 2021). "De-Humanizing And Sexualizing Muslim Women: An Open Letter By 900 Activists/Lawyers Against 'Auction' Of Muslim Women On GitHub Platform". LiveLaw. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  38. ↑ "'Act of Intimidation and Harm': Rights Activists on 'Sulli Deals' App Targeting Muslim Women". The Wire. 13 July 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
  39. ↑ "'A Sinister Purpose': Activists Denounce Govt's Decision to Commemorate Triple Talaq Law". TheWire.in. 2 August 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  40. ↑ "Sedition, Farm Laws, Electoral Bonds: Over 200 Eminent Citizens Urge CJI to Hear Key Matters". 15 November 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  41. ↑ "Open letter from law professionals" (PDF). Livelaw.com. 15 February 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
  42. ↑ "Jahangirpuri Demolitions: Letter to CM Delhi protesting women's loss of livelihoods". Mainstream Weekly. 7 May 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  43. ↑ "'Chilling Message': Concerned Citizens Say SC Must Clarify It Did Not Intend Setalvad's Arrest". The Wire. 30 June 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  44. ↑ http://feministlawarchives.pldindia.org/wp-content/uploads/civil-society-statement-on-bilkis-bano-august-18-2022.pdf?
  45. ↑ "India: Civil Society Condemns State-Sponsored Violence and Divisive Politics in Manipur | June 16, 2023 - South Asia Citizens Web". www.sacw.net. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  46. ↑ India, Clarion (24 May 2023). "'Stop Misuse of PMLA to Target Scholars and Activists': Concerned Citizens". Clarion India. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  47. ↑ Menon, Nivedita (28 May 2023). "Dismantle the structures of sexual violence, NOT the protesters' tent! Statement by concerned citizens". KAFILA - COLLECTIVE EXPLORATIONS SINCE 2006. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  48. ↑ BreakthroughIndia.org. "International Convention Against War and Destructive Use of Science: Scientists Against Israeli Apartheid, Occupation and Genocide in Gaza". BreakthroughIndia.org. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  49. ↑ sabrang (3 January 2024). "Stifling of right to protest, freedom: Open letter to CJI Chandrachud". SabrangIndia. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  50. ↑ https://cjp.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/complaint-ECI-PM-media-1-Chandru.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]
  51. ↑ "'Vindictive Witch Hunt': Over 250 Activists, Scholars Condemn Raids on Harsh Mander and his NGO". The Wire. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  52. ↑ The Wire (5 August 2024). "Indian Citizens Condemn Hasina for Bangladesh Violence, Support Struggle for Fundamental Change". The Wire. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
  53. 1 2 3 4 5 "Requirement of father's name of applicant not mandatory for issuing passport, mother's name sufficient". SCC Online. 20 May 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  54. 1 2 "Mother's name sufficient for passport: HC". The Indian Express. PTI. 21 May 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  55. 1 2 3 Mandal, Saptarshi (2019). "Biology, Intention, Labour: Understanding Legal Recognition of Single Motherhood in India". Socio-Legal Rev. 15 (131): 147–149. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
  56. 1 2 Garg, Abhinav (21 May 2016). "Father's name not needed for passport, Delhi HC says". Times of India. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  57. ↑ Gupta, Moushumi Das (25 September 2016). "Norms eased for single moms to get passports for kids". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  58. ↑ "Passport rules liberalized for single parents, adopted children". The New Indian Express. 23 December 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  59. ↑ "Passport rules changed to help single mothers, orphaned children". The Hindu. 24 December 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  60. ↑ de Souza, Siddharth Peter; Herklotz, Tanja, eds. (2021). Mutinies for Equality: Contemporary Developments in Law and Gender in India. Cambridge University Press. pp. 218–219. ISBN   9781009003742 . Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  61. ↑ Mathew, Binu (2018). #MeToo: A Blow to Patriarchy. India: Peoples Literature Publication. pp. 5–19. ISBN   9788193471470 . Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  62. ↑ Kannabiran, Kalpana (7 July 2022). Routledge Readings on Law, Development and Legal Pluralism Ecology, Families, Governance. India: Routledge. ISBN   9781032269283 . Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  63. ↑ Nigam, Shalu. "Understanding Justice Delivery System from the Perspective of Women Litigants as Victims of Domestic Violence in India (Specifically in the Context of Section 498-A, IPC)" (PDF). cwds.ac.in. cwds. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  64. ↑ Nigam, Shalu (April 2008). "Legal Literacy: A Tool for Empowerment". SSRN. Social Action, Volume 58, Issue 2, p 216-226. SSRN   2976377 . Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  65. ↑ Nigam, Shalu (June 2014). "Violence, Protest and Change: A Socio-Legal Analysis of Extraordinary Mobilization after the 2012 Delhi Gang Rape Case" (PDF). International Journal of Gender and Women's Studies. Vol 2 No. 2 p. 197-221. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  66. ↑ Shalu, Nigam (2017). "Is Domestic Violence a Lesser Crime? Countering the backlash Against Section 498A, IPC" (PDF). cwds.ac.in. cwds. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  67. ↑ Nigam, Shalu (15 August 2020). "COVID-19: Right to Life with Dignity and Violence in Homes". SSRN. SSRN   3674336 . Retrieved 7 October 2021.
  68. ↑ Shalu, Nigam (17 September 2020). "A Hindu Daughter's Right to Property: Is the retrospective amendment of Section 6 of the Hindu Succession Act a step towards women's economic empowerment?". SSRN. Legal News and Views, Vol. 34, No. 9 Page 2-8. SSRN   3694339 . Retrieved 13 October 2021.
  69. ↑ NIGAM, SHALU (2024). "Guardianship Law in India: Examining the Principle of 'Best Interests' of Minors and the Rights of Single Mothers as Sole Guardians". Indian Journal of Gender Studies. doi:10.1177/09715215241262137 . Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  70. ↑ Nigam, Shalu (1 January 2023). "Gender-Based Violence IGNOU". IGNOU.
  71. ↑ Nigam, Shalu (4 December 2019). Gender Specific Laws on Violence in India (Edited by Renu Addlakha ed.). Delhi, India: Center for Women's Development Studies. pp. 89–119. SSRN   3498382 . Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  72. ↑ Nigam, Shalu (4 December 2019). Domestic Violence (Edited by Renu Addlakha ed.). Delhi, India: Center for Women's Development Studies. pp. 192–209. SSRN   3498396 . Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  73. ↑ Nigam, Shalu (1 January 2016). "Food Insecurity: National Food Security Act 2013 and Community Mobilization A Training Of Trainers Manual (English Translation)". Translation of Manual for Training of the Trainers.
  74. ↑ Nigam Shalu, (2014) 28 July. "Yes, I am a woman". countercurrents.org. Retrieved 3 October 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  75. ↑ Nigam Shalu, (2021) 27 September (27 September 2021). "Every little girl has a dream, a dream that will not die…". Countercurrents.org. Retrieved 3 October 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  76. ↑ "MeeLord! I Am Seeking Justice As A Citizen!| Countercurrents". 20 November 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  77. ↑ Nigam, Shalu (8 November 2022). "The Curses of Patriarchy". www.countercurrents.org. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  78. ↑ Nigam, Shalu (2006). सूचना का अधिकार: कुछ सामाजिक वे कानूनी पहलू. We the People Trust. ISBN   9788190367134 . Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  79. ↑ Nigam, Shalu (2022). "दहेज प्रथा अभी भी क्यों कायम है जब कानून द्वारा इसे प्रतिबंधित कर दिया गया?". www.hastkeshep.com. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  80. ↑ "लिव-इन रिलेशनशिप में महिलाओं के खिलाफ हिंसा और कानूनी सुरक्षा". hastakshep | हस्तक्षेप (in Hindi). Retrieved 22 January 2023.
  81. ↑ "जब घूंघट बना इंक़लाब का परचम : हिजाब, नारीवाद और निरंकुशता". hastakshep | हस्तक्षेप (in Hindi). Retrieved 22 January 2023.
  82. ↑ "Right To Information (RTI) & Privacy: Congruent Or Contradictory? - IMPRI Impact And Policy Research Institute". www.impriindia.com. 18 September 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  83. ↑ Demystifying the Power of Law , retrieved 20 May 2022
  84. ↑ #GenderGaps | E50 | Dr Shalu Nigam | Implementing Domestic Violence Law: Are we asking right Q? , retrieved 20 May 2022
  85. ↑ Nigam, Shalu. "Single Mothers, Patriarchy and Citizenship in India: Rethinking Lone Motherhood through the Lens of Socio-legal and Policy Framework". Research Gate. We the People Network. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.