Ahmad Shāh Durrānī, also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī, was the first ruler and founder of the Durrani Empire. He is often regarded as the founder of modern Afghanistan.
The Durrani Empire, colloquially known as the Afghan Empire, or the Sadozai Kingdom, was an Afghan empire founded by the Durrani tribe of Pashtuns under Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1747, which spanned parts of Central Asia, the Iranian plateau, and the Indian subcontinent. At its peak, it ruled over present-day Afghanistan, much of Pakistan, parts of northeastern and southeastern Iran, eastern Turkmenistan, and northwestern India. Next to the Ottoman Empire, the Durrani Empire is considered to be among the most significant Islamic empire of the second half of the 18th century.
Multan is a city in Punjab, Pakistan, located on the bank of river Chenab. It is one of the five largest urban centres of Pakistan in 2025 and is the administrative centre of Multan Division. It is a major cultural, religious and economic centre of Punjab region. Located in central Pakistan, with a district population of 5.3 million, it is the main hub of Southern Punjab.
Jhanda Singh Dhillon was a chief of Bhangi Misl. Under his leadership the Dhillon family became the dominant de facto ruling power of Punjab. His father was Hari Singh Dhillon, one of the most powerful Sikh warriors of the time. He also had a warrior brother Ganda Singh Dhillon. Jhanda Singh appointed his younger brother Ganda Singh as the commander in chief of the forces. Jassa Singh Ramgarhia was one of the closest friends of Jhanda Singh.
Multan in Punjab province of Pakistan is one of the oldest cities of South Asia, though its exact age has yet to be determined. Multan is known for its rich ancient heritage and historic landmarks. Multan was the primary cultural centre or capital of Punjab region mostly in late ancient and medieval era. Multan region was centre of many civilizations in its 5 millennia old history, and witnessed warfare across millennia because of its location on a major invasion route between South and Central Asia.
Ali Mohammad Khan Khakwani was the Durrani governor of Multan, with several interruptions, between 1752 and 1767.
Shujaabad is a city and the capital of Shujabad Tehsil of Multan District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located 45 km (28 mi) in south off Multan. Chenab River flows in the west of the city. Neighbouring settlements include Jalalpur Pirwala, Multan and Lodhran. The city's population is about 600,000.
The Afghan–Sikh wars spanned from 1748 to 1837 in the Indian subcontinent, and saw multiple phases of fighting between the Durrani Empire and the Sikh Empire, mainly in and around Punjab region. The conflict's origins stemmed from the days of the Dal Khalsa, and continued after the Emirate of Kabul succeeded the Durrani Empire.
Adina Beg Khan was a Punjabi general, administrator, and statesman who served as the Nawab of Punjab from April 1758 until his death in September of the same year. He began his career as a patwari (accountant) and later as a sepoy after joining the Mughal army, eventually drawing the attention of the Punjabi nobles. After serving through various posts, he was appointed as the Subahdar of the entirety of Punjab by Raghunath Rao on behalf of Rajaram II and later recognised as the Nawab by Emperor Alamgir II during the power vacuum in 1758, earning him the title Zafar Jang Bahadur.
Timur Shah Durrani, also known as Timur Shah Abdali or Taimur Shah Abdali was the second ruler of the Afghan Durrani Empire, from November 1772 until his death in 1793. An ethnic Pashtun, he was the second eldest son of Ahmad Shah Durrani.
Nawab Muzaffar Khan was the last Afghan governor of Multan.
Ahmad Shah Durrani, the founder of the Durrani Empire, invaded Indian subcontinent a total of eight times between 1748 and 1767, following the collapse of Mughal Empire in the mid-18th century. His objectives were met through the raids and deepened the political crisis in India.
The Shrine of Bahauddin Zakariya is a 13th-century shrine located in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. The tomb is dedicated to the Punjabi Muslim mystic Bahauddin Zakariya, founder of the Suhrawardiyya order of Sufism. It considered to be one of the most important shrines in the wider Punjab region, and is the prototype for Multan's classical architectural style.
The Nawabs of Mankhera, also known as Thal Nawabs, were a dynasty based in the Thal desert, in the north-western Punjab, Pakistan, during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Their capital was the fortified city of Mankera.
Zahid Khan was the Mughal subedar of Multan province, for over a year from 1747 to 1748. He descended from an ethnic Saddozai Pashtun family long domiciled in Multan, and rose to the position of Nawab of Multan in the aftermath of the invasion of Nader Shah, owing to his personal relations with the Mughal courtier Qamar-ud-Din Khan.
The siege of Multan started in January 1780 and ended on 18 February 1780, it was the result Timur Shah Durrani's reconquest campaigns of Multan after it had been taken in 1772. This siege saw the Afghans successfully re-capture Multan after taking Rohtas months prior.
The Battle of Shujabad took place in February 1780, during the Afghan–Sikh Wars. The Afghans were led by Muzaffar Khan and Timur Shah Durrani, while the Sikhs were led by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and other Sikh chiefs.
The siege of Multan was a battle fought between the Sikh forces led by Jhanda Singh Dhillon and the Afghan forces led by Shuja Khan.
Diwan Singh Chachowalia was a Bhangi Sikh sardar and warlord who was the governor of Multan between 1772 and 1780 on the behalf of his half-brother Jhanda Singh.
Durrani governor of Multan
