Shvetsov ASh-82

Last updated
ASh-82
ASh-82 Kbely.JPG
Preserved Shvetsov ASh-82 at the Prague Aviation Museum, Kbely
Type Radial engine
National origin Soviet Union
Manufacturer Shvetsov & Evich, OKB-19 in Perm'
First run1940
Major applications Lavochkin La-5
Mil Mi-4
Petlyakov Pe-8
Polikarpov I-185
Sukhoi Su-2
Number built70,000 (57,898 of Ash-82, 82F & 82FN in wartime)
Developed from Shvetsov M-62
Developed into Shvetsov ASh-21

The Shvetsov ASh-82 (M-82) is a Soviet 14-cylinder, two-row, air-cooled radial aircraft engine developed from the Shvetsov M-62. The M-62 was the result of development of the M-25, which was a licensed version of the Wright R-1820 Cyclone.

Contents

Design and development

Arkadiy Shvetsov re-engineered the Wright Cyclone design, through the OKB-19 design bureau he headed, for Russian aviation engine manufacturing practices and metric dimensions and fasteners, reducing the stroke, dimensions and weight. This allowed the engine to be used in light aircraft, where an American-design Twin Cyclone, of some 930 kg (2,045 lb) weight in "dry" condition could not be installed. [1]

The engine entered production in 1940 and saw service in a number of Soviet aircraft. It powered the Tupolev Tu-2 and Pe-8 bombers and the inline engine-powered LaGG-3 was adapted for the ASh-82 producing the famous Lavochkin La-5 fighter and its development, Lavochkin La-7, additionally the Lavochkin La-9 with its Lavochkin La-11 escort variant and Ilyushin Il-14 airliner were created around the engine. Over 70,000 ASh-82s were built. They were built in the 1950s to 1960s era under licence, both in Czechoslovakia (as the M-82) by the Walter (Motorlet) factory in Prague-Jinonice and in the German Democratic Republic by the VEB Industriewerke Karl-Marx-Stadt.

Variants

ASh-82-111 (M-82-111)
First mass-produced ASh-82, with carburettors and one two-speed supercharger. Engine had lubrication and carburettor problems in harsh winter conditions.
ASh-82-112 (M-82-112)
Improved M-82-111 with longer Time between overhaul (TBO) and better reliability. Redesigned carburettors, oil pumps, gear, turbocharger and reinforced pushrods.
ASh-82F (M-82F)
Identical to ASh-82 except for longer Time between overhaul and improved cooling and lubrication system.
ASh-82FNV (M-82FNV)
Improved M-82F with direct fuel injection, power output increased to 1,380 kW (1,850 hp) compared to the 1,268 kW (1,700 hp) of the M-82 and M-82F. [2]
ASh-82FN (M-82FN)
Series production M-82FNV, [2] used by Pe-8 long-range bombers and Lavochkin La-5FN and La-7 fighters.
ASh-21 (M-21)
Single-row 7-cylinder version of ASh-82 for Yakovlev Yak-11 trainer, entered production in 1946, used also to power e.g. the Mil Mi-1 helicopter.
ASh-82T aircraft engine. The black metal plates mid-engine are baffles that re-direct airflow from the front of the engine (on the right in this image) over the heads of the cylinders. Aircraft engine Shvetsov ASh-82T.JPG
ASh-82T aircraft engine. The black metal plates mid-engine are baffles that re-direct airflow from the front of the engine (on the right in this image) over the heads of the cylinders.
ASh-82T (M-82T)
New version of the ASh-82FNV developed in the early fifties for civilian aircraft. Previous version twin superchargers were replaced with a large single-speed compressor attached to an after-cooler (the critical altitude was 2,000 m, 6,561 ft). New alloys were used and some components were upgraded, thus reducing maintenance operations. Special care was put into reducing the engine noise level and an optional exhaust double silencer was available. The engine had a new fuel injection system and improved specific fuel consumption.
A four-blade high efficiency propeller, the Typ AV-50m, was developed for the 82T version. Take-off power was 1,900 hp (1,417 kW) at 2,600 RPM, with 95 octane Avgas. Maximum continuous power was 1,630 hp (1,215 kW). At 85 octane Avgas and minor modifications, power output was rated at 1,700 hp (1,268 kW). [3]
ASh-82V (M-82V)
Helicopter version of the ASh-82T developed in 1952, with axial-flow fan mounted in the fuselage's front. The engine was connected to a R-5 two-stage planetary primary gearbox with the help of a shaft (which was between the pilots seats). This engine was used in the Mi-4 and Yak-24 helicopters. [4]
ASh-2TK and ASh-2K (ASh-4K)
Four-row versions of the ASh-82, developed in the late '40s. The ASh-2TK had a two-stage two-speed supercharging system with intercooler (similar to the ASh-73) that compromised the engine's long TBO. Finally the ASh-2TK was discarded and a new version was developed, the ASh-4K, with an experimental variable-speed turbocharger and after-cooler, which allowed a cruising altitude of 11,000 m (36,089 ft). The engine had 82.4 litres (5,030 cu in) and 4,000 HP (2,985 kW) at 2,600 RPM (dry). The Ash-2K (ASh-4K) version had 4,700 HP (3,507 kW) wet, with a water-methanol system.
For political reasons, these engines were prematurely installed in Tupolev Tu-4LL testbeds at the end of 1950, when the prototypes' initial tests had barely begun. The engines had various teething and overheating problems, and required a long testing period. Most of the flaws were fixed in the mid-fifties, but the production was cancelled: in those days, the priority for the Soviet Air Force were the turboprop and jet engines. [5]
Dongan HS-7
A Chinese license built copy of the ASh-82FN, and the chosen engine for powering modern 21st century reproductions of the Focke-Wulf Fw 190A. [6] [7]
Dongan HS-8
A modified version of the Dongan HS-7 which "combined the main body and supercharger of the HS-7 with the reduction gear and propeller drive of the Shvetsov ASh-82T".[ citation needed ] Built by Dongan Engine Manufacturing Company (aka Harbin Engine Factory).

Applications

Family tree of Shvetsov engines Shvetsov family tree.svg
Family tree of Shvetsov engines

Specifications (ASh-82T)

Data from [3] [8]

General characteristics

Components

Performance

See also

Comparable engines

Related lists

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sukhoi Su-2</span> Type of aircraft

The Sukhoi Su-2 was a Soviet reconnaissance and light bomber aircraft used in the early stages of World War II. It was the first airplane designed by Pavel Sukhoi. The basic design received an engine and armament upgrade (Su-4) and was modified for the ground-attack role (ShB).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hispano-Suiza 12Y</span>

The Hispano-Suiza 12Y was an aircraft engine produced by Hispano-Suiza for the French Air Force before the Second World War. The 12Y became the primary French 1,000 hp (750 kW) class engine and was used in a number of famous aircraft, including the Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 and Dewoitine D.520.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lavochkin La-5</span> Type of aircraft

The Lavochkin La-5 was a Soviet fighter aircraft of World War II. It was a development and refinement of the LaGG-3, replacing the earlier model's inline engine with the much more powerful Shvetsov ASh-82 radial engine. During its time in service, it was one of the Soviet Air Force's most capable types of warplane, able to fight German designs on an equal footing.

The Tupolev Tu-70 was a Soviet passenger variant of the Tu-4 bomber, an unlicensed, reverse engineered copy of the Boeing B-29 Superfortress. Designed immediately after the end of World War II, it used a number of components from Boeing B-29s that had made emergency landings in the Soviet Union after bombing Japan. It had the first pressurized fuselage in the Soviet Union and first flew on 27 November 1946. The aircraft was successfully tested, recommended for serial production, but ultimately not produced because of more pressing military orders and because Aeroflot had no requirement for such an aircraft. A military cargo aircraft version was the Tupolev Tu-75.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tupolev Tu-2</span> 1943 medium bomber aircraft family

The Tupolev Tu-2 was a twin-engined Soviet high-speed daylight and frontline bomber aircraft used during World War II. The Tu-2 was tailored to meet a requirement for a high-speed bomber or dive-bomber, with a large internal bomb load and speed similar to that of a single-seat fighter. Designed to challenge the German Junkers Ju 88, the Tu-2 proved comparable and was produced in torpedo, interceptor and reconnaissance versions. The Tu-2 was an effective combat aircraft and it played a key role in the final offensives of the Red Army.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lavochkin La-9</span> Soviet fighter aircraft in service 1946-1959

The Lavochkin La-9 was a Soviet fighter aircraft produced shortly after World War II. It was one of the last piston engined fighters to be produced before the widespread adoption of the jet engine.

The Lavochkin La-126 was a World War II Soviet prototype piston-engined fighter aircraft.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Klimov M-105</span>

The Klimov M-105 was a V12 liquid-cooled piston aircraft engine used by Soviet aircraft during World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mikulin AM-34</span>

The Mikulin AM-34 (M-34) was a Soviet mass-produced, liquid-cooled, aircraft engine of domestic design. Its initial development was troubled, but it eventually became one of the most successful Soviet aircraft engines of the 1930s. It was utilized on numerous aircraft, including the Beriev MBR-2, Tupolev TB-3, Tupolev TB-4, Tupolev ANT-20, Petlyakov Pe-8, Kalinin K-7, Polikarpov I-17, and Bolkhovitinov DB-A, as well as the G-5 and various prototype motor torpedo boats. A version of the maritime model was adapted for use in several prototype heavy tanks in 1939, although none was placed into production.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3</span> Type of aircraft

The Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3 was a Soviet fighter aircraft of World War II. It was a refinement of the earlier LaGG-1 and was one of the most modern aircraft available to the Soviet Air Force at the time of Germany's invasion in 1941. Compared to its opponents the LaGG-3 was underpowered and, despite its wooden construction, overweight. It was unpopular with Soviet pilots, but despite this, at one point in the war, on average 12 LaGG-3s were being completed daily and 6,528 had been built in total when production switched to the Yak-3 in 1944. The LaGG-3 was steadily improved, forming the basis for the more successful La-5 and La-7.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sukhoi Su-6</span> 1941 Soviet attack aircraft

The Sukhoi Su-6 was a Soviet ground-attack aircraft developed during World War II. The mixed-power high-altitude interceptor Su-7 was based on the single-seat Su-6 prototype.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sukhoi Su-12</span> Type of aircraft

The Sukhoi Su-12 was a prototype Soviet reconnaissance and artillery spotter aircraft developed during World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shvetsov ASh-62</span> Soviet radial piston aircraft engine

The Shvetsov ASh-62 is a nine-cylinder, air-cooled, radial aircraft engine produced in the Soviet Union. A version of this engine is produced in Poland as the ASz-62 and the People's Republic of China as the HS-5.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shvetsov ASh-21</span> Soviet radial piston aircraft engine

The Shvetsov ASh-21 is a seven-cylinder single-row air-cooled radial aero engine.

The Shvetsov ASh-73 was an 18-cylinder, air-cooled, radial aircraft engine produced between 1947 and 1957 in the Soviet Union. It was primarily used as the powerplant for the Tupolev Tu-4 heavy bomber, an unlicensed, reverse engineered copy of the American Boeing B-29 Superfortress.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mikoyan-Gurevich I-211</span> Prototype Soviet high-altitude fighter aircraft

The Mikoyan-Gurevich I-211 was a prototype high-altitude Soviet fighter aircraft built during World War II. It was a version of the Mikoyan-Gurevich I-210, itself a variant of the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3, fitted with a Shvetsov ASh-82F radial engine. Its development was quite prolonged, although successful, but by the time it finished its manufacturer's trials in early 1944 there was no need for a high-altitude fighter and it was not worth reducing the production of existing fighters to convert a factory over to the I-211.

UEC-Aviadvigatel JSC is a Russian developer and builder of aircraft engines, most notably jet engines for commercial aircraft. Based at the Perm Engine Plant, its products power the Ilyushin Il-76MF, Ilyushin Il-96, Tupolev Tu-204, and Tupolev Tu-214. It also designs and builds high-efficiency gas turbine units for electric power stations and for gas pumping plants. The company has its background in the Experimental Design Bureau-19 plant, set up to manufacture aircraft engines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ilyushin Il-18 (1946)</span> Type of aircraft

The Ilyushin Il-18 was a Soviet four-engined airliner designed and built by Ilyushin immediately after World War II. Although the aircraft itself was successful, its Shvetsov ASh-73TK engines were too unreliable for civilian use and were further needed to equip the Tupolev Tu-4 bomber, so it was cancelled in 1948.

The Shvetsov M-71 was a Soviet radial engine built in small numbers during World War II. It was derived from the Shvetsov M-25, which was a license-built copy of the American Wright R-1820-F3 Cyclone engine.

The Piaggio P.XIX was an Italian aircraft engine produced by Rinaldo Piaggio S.p.A. during World War II and used to power aircraft of the Regia Aeronautica.

References

Notes

  1. Witold Liss (1967). The Lavochkin La 5 & 7, number 149. Profile publications Ltd., P.O. Box, 1a North Street, Leatherhead, Surrey, UK. p. 3
  2. 1 2 Gordon, Yefim; Khazanov, Dmitri (1998). Soviet Combat Aircraft of the Second World War Vol. 1. Midland Publishing limited. p. 44. ISBN   1857800834.
  3. 1 2 ORDER. Chief of Civil Air Fleet. The Council of Ministers of the USSR. Number 508. August 5, 1963, Moscow. On enactment of the "Guide to Flight operation and piloting of the IL-14 with two engines AL-82T "
  4. http://www.avid.ru/eng/pr/news/514/
  5. Yefim Gordon, Vladimir Rigmant (2002). Tupolev Tu-4, Soviet Superfortress. Red Star. Vol. 7. Midland Publishing. pp. 54–59. ISBN   1-85780-142-3.
  6. "Replică și original – FW 190". IAR 80 FLY AGAIN (in Romanian). October 2020.
  7. Jason Moore (2017). Lavochkin Fighters of the Second World War.
  8. Liss, Witold (1967). The Lavochkin La 5 & 7, number 149. Profile publications Ltd., P.O. Box, 1a North Street, Leatherhead, Surrey, UK. pp. 3, 5–6, 8–9.