Ilyushin Il-14

Last updated
Il-14
Aeroflot Ilyushin Il-14 at Arlanda, November 1970.jpg
Il-14G of Aeroflot at Arlanda Airport in 1970
General information
Type Airliner, transport aircraft
National origin Soviet Union
Designer Ilyushin
StatusRetired
Primary users Soviet Air Force
Number built1,348
History
Introduction date1954 (Aeroflot)
First flight1 October 1950
Retired1998 (Vietnamese Air Force)
1998 (Syrian Air Force)
2005 (Russian CAA)
Developed from Ilyushin Il-12

The Ilyushin Il-14 (NATO reporting name: Crate) is a Soviet twin-engine commercial and military personnel and cargo transport aircraft that first flew in 1950, and entered service in 1954. The Il-14 was also manufactured in East Germany by VEB Flugzeugwerke as the VEB 14 and in Czechoslovakia as the Avia 14. The Ilyushin Il-14 was typically replaced by the Antonov An-24 and Yakovlev Yak-40.

Contents

Design and development

The Il-14 was developed as a replacement for the widespread Douglas DC-3 and its Soviet built version, the Lisunov Li-2. A development of the earlier Ilyushin Il-12, (that first flew in 1945 [1] ), the Il-14 was intended for use in both military and civil applications. The Il-12 had major problems with poor engine-out behaviour. Also, it had less payload capability than was originally planned (although the Il-12 was intended to carry 32 passengers, in service it only carried 18, which was uneconomical). [1]

An Avia 14T of CSA displayed at the 1957 Paris Air Show Ilyushin.Avia Av-14T OK-LCA LBG 29.05.57 edited-2.jpg
An Avia 14T of CSA displayed at the 1957 Paris Air Show

The development into the Il-14 was a vast improvement over the Il-12, with a new wing and a broader tailfin. It was powered by two 1,400 kW (1,900 hp) Shvetsov ASh-82T-7 radial piston engines. These changes greatly improved aerodynamic performance in engine-out conditions. [1]

Total production of the Il-14 was 1,345 aircraft: 1,065 in Moscow (Moscow Machinery Plant Nr.30) from 1956 to 1958 and Tashkent (Factory Nr.84) from 1954 to 1958. Licensed production of 80 in East Germany by VEB Flugzeugwerke Dresden (FWD) from 1956 to 1959 and 203 in Czechoslovakia by Avia in Prague, from 1956 to 1960. It was rugged and reliable, and thus was widely used in rural areas with poor quality airfields.

The type was also used by the East German aircraft industry as a test aircraft for the horizontal stabilizer of the Baade 152.

Variants

An Avia 14FG at Czech Museum Kunovice Avia 14FG Museum Kunovice CZ 100 0399.JPG
An Avia 14FG at Czech Museum Kunovice

License-built variants

Operators

Countries which have operated the Il-14 World operators of the Il-14.png
Countries which have operated the Il-14

The Il-14 operated in the Soviet Union until the 1980s and early 90s, and other nations like Cuba and Vietnam. However, the unlicensed Chinese built Y-6 remained in the People's Liberation Army Air Force as a trainer until the late 1980s.

Military operators

There are no current military operators of the Ilyushin Il-14.

Flag of the Taliban.svg  Afghanistan
Afghan Air Force. 26 were supplied to the Afghan Air Force from 1955 onwards. [2] By 1979, the force was reduced to 10, equipping a single squadron. [3]
Flag of Albania.svg  Albania
Albanian Air Force. Albanian Air Force. In 1957, one Il-14M was delivered, and the interior became splendid, and it became a presidential aircraft. The aircraft operated in Tirana by 1979, after which it was transferred to Linas. In addition, one Il-14M, one Avia 14T and one VFB Il-14P were introduced. Used for transport duties with the 7594th Aviation Regiment. It was eventually retired in 2002 due to lack of parts.Albanian Aviation Regiment 4020It was operated though. [4] [2]
Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria
Algerian Air Force. 12 were delivered to them from 1962, with the last phased out in 1997. [2] Only four were operational by 1979. [3]
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria
Bulgarian Air Force. 20 were delivered from 1960, including Il-14M and East Germany built Il-14P examples. [2] The Il-14P was retired by 1974, and only 4 Il-14M remained by 1979. [3]
Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia
The Cambodian Air Force operated 2 Il-14s in 1968. [5]
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
More than 50 have been operated by the People's Liberation Army Air Force from 1955, mostly of the Il-14M (local produced Y-6 did not materialize). Some have been reported in use by the People's Liberation Army Navy as well. Final examples were withdrawn by the late 1990s. [2]
Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg  Republic of the Congo
Congolese Air Force. 5 were delivered from 1960 and remained in service until 1997. [2] All were reported on strength in 1979. [3]
Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba
Cuban Air Force.20 Il-14Ts were introduced in 1961 and used until 1992. [2]
Czechoslovak-made Ilyushin Il-14 Avia Av-14FG.jpg
Czechoslovak-made Ilyushin Il-14
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakian Air Force. 50 were operated from 1958, though most were locally built examples delivered from 1968. Most were retired prior to the split of Czechoslovakia, though a small number may have served briefly with its successor states. [2]
Flag of East Germany.svg  East Germany
East German Air Force. 30 were delivered, beginning with 11 Ilyushin built aircraft from 1956 and deliveries of East Germany built aircraft commencing the following year and totaling 19 examples. 20 remained by 1979, [3] and all were withdrawn by 1990, with none being passed on to the unified German Luftwaffe. [2]
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt
Egyptian Air Force. 70 were operated by the Egyptian Air Force from 1955. Most were Soviet built models, but at least one East Germany built Il-14P was delivered in 1957. A number of aircraft were destroyed during fighting with Israel, but 26 survived to the peace of 1979. [3] Acquisition of Western aircraft from then on led to the retirement of the Il-14 by 1994. [2]
Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia
Ethiopian Air Force. 2 were acquired in 1965, with one remaining in service by 1979 [3] and finally retired by 1994. [2]
Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg  Guinea-Bissau
4 were in operation in 1979. [3]
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary
Hungarian Air Force. Two Il-14Ps were operated from 1959 to 1976.
Flag of India.svg  India
Indian Air Force. 26 were delivered from 1955 [2] but were withdrawn by 1979. [3]
Indonesian Air Force Ilyushin Il-14 Avia 14F T-414.jpg
Indonesian Air Force Ilyushin Il-14
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia
Indonesian Air Force. 22 were delivered from 1957 and withdrawn by 1975. [2] [3]
Flag of Iraq.svg  Iraq
Iraqi Air Force. 13 Il-14M were delivered in 1958, with 3 remaining by 1979. [3] The last aircraft were withdrawn after the first Gulf War. [2]
Flag of the Khmer Republic.svg  Khmer Republic
Khmer Air Force
Flag of Mali.svg  Mali
2
Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia
Mongolian People's Air Force. 7 were delivered from 1956, with 6 remaining in service by until 1974. [6]
Flag of North Korea.svg  North Korea
North Korean Air Force. About 15 have been operated from 1958 with fewer than 10 in service by 1979 [3] and the last withdrawn by 1998. [2]
Flag of North Yemen.svg  North Yemen
North Yemen Air Force. 6 or more were delivered from 1958, with a single example flying in 1979. [3] This was passed on to the unified Yemen.
Stored Polish Air Force VEB Il-14S in Polish Aviation Museum in Krakow, 3 April 2011 Stored Il-14 Il-14 Il-14 of Polish Air Force in Cracow.jpg
Stored Polish Air Force VEB Il-14S in Polish Aviation Museum in Kraków, 3 April 2011
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
Polish Air Force. 12 or more served from 1955, including Soviet built Il-14P, Il-14S, and Il-14T, as well as East Germany built Il-14P and Il-14T models. These served until the 1980s. [2]
Flag of Romania (1952-1965).svg  Romania
Romanian Air Force. 33 were delivered from 1955, including 30 East Germany built Il-14P models as well as 3 Il-14M aircraft delivered in 1961. Only 4 remained in service by 1979, [3] with the last Il-14M being retired in 1983. None remained in service by 1993. [2]
Flag of South Yemen.svg  South Yemen
South Yemen Air Force. 4 were delivered from 1966, serving as late as 1988. [2]
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Soviet Air Force and Soviet Naval Aviation. Serving from 1954, 235 were in service in 1979. [3]
Flag of Syria.svg  Syria
Syrian Air Force. 16 were delivered from 1957, with 8 remaining in service by 1979. [3] Final examples were in service as late as 1998. [2]
Ilyushin Il-14 on display at Vietnam Military History Museum Ilyushin Il-14T 'Il-14 - Hang Khong Viet Nam - C-482' (9735254984).jpg
Ilyushin Il-14 on display at Vietnam Military History Museum
Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam
Vietnam People's Air Force. 45 were delivered from 1958, with 12 remaining in service by 1979. [3] None remained in service by 1998. [2]
Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen
Yemen Air Force. 1 was inherited from North Yemen in 1990, serving for a short time before being retired. [2]
Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg  Yugoslavia
SFR Yugoslav Air Force. One Il-14P was presented by Soviet prime minister Nikita Khrushchev to prime minister Josip Broz Tito in 1956. Six others were given to the Air Force by Yugoslav Airlines in 1963. and were used until 1974. The one presented to Tito is preserved in the Museum of Yugoslav Aviation in Belgrade.
Polish Air Force Ilyushin Il-14 Ilyushin Il-14 (Polish insignia).jpg
Polish Air Force Ilyushin Il-14

Civil operators

Very few examples remain airworthy, with some still in use for freight duties, and a handful maintained by aviation clubs and enthusiasts. Today only three aircraft remain airworthy in Russia: one, called "Soviet Union" at Gorelovo airfield near St. Petersburg, another, called "Penguin" has performed its maiden flight after restoration on 1.10.2012 and now is based at Stupino airfield near Moscow. The third aircraft, called "The Blue Dream" performed its maiden flight from Tushino airfield to Stupino airfield in May 2014 after more than 10 years repair performed by a team of aero enthusiasts. [7] [8] There was also one Il-14 that was possibly airworthy in the United States, but its registration was cancelled in July 2014. [9]

Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  People's Republic of China
Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czechoslovakia
1961 photograph of an Ilyushin Il-14 operated by East-German airline Interflug Bundesarchiv DH 2 Bild-F-04180, Berlin-Schonefeld, Flughafenbau, Il14.jpg
1961 photograph of an Ilyushin Il-14 operated by East-German airline Interflug
Flag of East Germany.svg  East Germany
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran
Flag of Mali.svg  Mali
Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia
Flag of North Korea.svg  North Korea
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
Flag of Romania (1952-1965).svg  Romania
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam
Vietnam Civil Aviation Department – later as Vietnam Civil Aviation (now Vietnam Airlines) [13]
Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen
Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg  Yugoslavia

Specifications (Il-14M)

Ilyushin Il-14 Ilyushin Il-14 3-view line drawing.svg
Ilyushin Il-14

Data fromThe Encyclopedia of World Aircraft [14]

General characteristics

Performance

Incidents and accidents

See also

Related development

Related lists

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 Gunston, Bill (1995). The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft from 1875 – 1995. London: Osprey Aerospace. ISBN   1-85532-405-9.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 World Air Forces – Countries Archived 2012-07-16 at the Wayback Machine .
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Chris Chant, The World's Air Forces, 1979, ISBN   0-89009-269-9.
  4. "Albanian Air Force".
  5. Forsgren, Jan. "Cambodia Aviation Royale Khmere:Order of Battle for 1968". Aeroflight. 7 December 2004. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
  6. SIPRI [ permanent dead link ]
  7. "IL-14 restoration team's website" . Retrieved 2013-01-31.
  8. "IL-14 restoration team's facebook page". Facebook . Retrieved 2013-01-31.
  9. "FAA Registry, number N163RR". Federal Aviation Authority. Retrieved 2012-09-23.
  10. Ogden (2008)
  11. Documentary of the Légiforgalmi Kulturális Központ (LKK)
  12. Flug revue 8/2012. Fliegen in Nordkorea
  13. Our Background
  14. Donald, David, ed. (1997). The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Aerospace Publishing. ISBN   1-85605-375-X.
  15. Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.

The initial version of this article was based on material from aviation.ru. It has been released under the GFDL by the copyright holder.

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References