Urea, also known as carbamide, is an organic compound with chemical formula CO(NH2)2. This amide has two –NH2 groups joined by a carbonyl (C=O) functional group.
Luhansk Oblast is the easternmost oblast (province) of Ukraine. Its administrative center is Luhansk. The oblast was established in 1938 and bore the name Voroshilovgrad Oblast in honor of Kliment Voroshilov. Its population is estimated as 2,121,322
Sievierodonetsk, Sieverodonetsk or Severodonetsk is a city in the Luhansk Oblast of Ukraine, located to the northeast of the left bank of the Siverskyi Donets river and approximately 110 km (68 mi) to the northwest from the Oblast capital, Luhansk. It faces Lysychansk across the river. The city, whose name comes from the above-mentioned river, has a population of 101,135 , making it the second most populous city in the oblast. Sievierodonetsk is a city of regional significance. It is currently partially occupied by Russia and the Luhansk People's Republic.
Lysychansk is a city in the Sievierodonetsk Raion of the Luhansk Oblast of Ukraine. Prior to 2020, it was incorporated as a city of oblast significance. It is located on the high right bank of the Siverskyi Donets River, approximately 115 km from the oblast capital, Luhansk. It faces Sievierodonetsk across the river. Its population is approximately 95,031.
TogliattiAzot is a Russian chemical company that has been described as the world's largest ammonia producer. It is headquartered in Tolyatti, Russia.
Vitkovići is a suburb in the city of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina, around 5 kilometers south of the city centre.
Azot is one of the biggest manufacturers of nitrogen fertilizers in Ukraine. The chemical plant, better known as Cherkaskyi Azot, is a part of bigger chemical holding Ostchem Holding owned by Ukrainian oligarch Dmytro Firtash. It unites several other chemical plants in Ukraine and some former Soviet republics that specialize in manufacturing of fertilizers.
EuroChem Group AG is a Russian fertilizer producer. It is a fertilizer manufacturer with its own capacity in all three primary nutrients – nitrogen, phosphates and potash.
Vladimir N. Makhlai is a Russian businessperson. He is the core shareholder in the world’s largest ammonia producer Togliattiazot, and managed the company in its various incarnations since 1985, as President and CEO for the final 15 years before retiring in May 2011 and stepping down to be replaced by his son, Sergei Makhlai.
Avdiivka Coke and Chemical Plant (AKHZ) in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, is the largest coke producer in Ukraine and is owned by the company Metinvest, which is in turn owned by Rinat Akhmetov, a Ukrainian oligarch. AKHZ also produces a variety of chemicals including benzine, coal tar, coal oil ammonium sulphate and coke gas. At present Avdiivka Coke plant consists of 13 main and 30 auxiliary workshops as well as service structural divisions.
The Russian chemical industry is a branch of Russian industry.
Dmitry Arkadievich Mazepin is a Belarusian-Russian oligarch businessman. He is the majority shareholder and chair of Uralchem. As of March 2022, following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Dmitry Mazepin has been sanctioned by the European Union and the United Kingdom.
Ostchem Holding is a holding company that unites a group of chemical factories and supporting companies. In its turn Ostchem is a part of bigger Group DF that unites several separate enterprises and other holding companies and owned by Ukrainian oligarch Dmytro Firtash.
On 24 February 2022, Russia launched a military invasion of Ukraine. This timeline is a dynamic and fluid list, and as such may never satisfy criteria of completeness. Please note that some events may only be fully understood and/or discovered in retrospect.
The siege of Mariupol was a military action in Ukraine during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, when forces from Russia and the separatist Donetsk People's Republic engaged Ukrainian forces in the city of Mariupol. The battle, which was part of the Russian eastern Ukraine offensive and southern Ukraine offensive, started on 24 February 2022 and concluded on 20 May 2022, when Russia announced the remaining Ukrainian forces in Mariupol surrendered after they were ordered to cease fighting.
The eastern Ukraine offensive is an ongoing theatre of operation in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine in the three provinces (oblasts) of Eastern Ukraine: Donetsk Oblast and Luhansk Oblast and Kharkiv Oblast. The invasion is an escalation or intensification of the War in Donbas, which had been waged between Ukraine and pro-Russian separatists since 2014.
On 21 March 2022 during the battle of Sumy, a Russian airstrike damaged one of the ammonia tanks at the Sumykhimprom plant, contaminating land within a 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) radius including the villages of Novoselytsya and Verkhnya Syrovatka. Due to the direction of the wind, the city of Sumy was largely unaffected despite its proximity to the leak.
The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine has led to serious environmental consequences. The invasion has resulted in forest fires, air pollution, soil contamination, water pollution, inundation and damage to nature reserves. This has placed increased stress on ecosystems and the environment, accelerating the climate crisis.
The battle of Donbas, or Donbas offensive, is an ongoing military engagement which began on 18 April 2022 between the armed forces of Russia and Ukraine for control of the Donetsk, Luhansk, and Kharkiv oblasts during the invasion of Ukraine by Russian forces. It is considered the second strategic phase of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and is located geographically in a similar operational theater to that of the eastern Ukraine offensive.
The Battle of Sievierodonetsk is an ongoing military engagement during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, as part of the Battle of Donbas of the Eastern Ukraine offensive. Sievierodonetsk is currently the acting administrative center of Luhansk Oblast. By May 2022, Sievierodonetsk and its direct neighbor, the city of Lysychansk, were the last remaining Ukrainian strongholds in the otherwise occupied Luhansk Oblast.
