Copán is an archaeological site of the Maya civilization in the Copán Department of western Honduras, not far from the border with Guatemala. It was the capital city of a major Classic period kingdom from the 5th to 9th centuries AD. The city was in the extreme southeast of the Mesoamerican cultural region, on the frontier with the Isthmo-Colombian cultural region, and was almost surrounded by non-Maya peoples.
Dos Pilas is a Pre-Columbian site of the Maya civilization located in what is now the department of Petén, Guatemala. It dates to the Late Classic Period, being founded by an offshoot of the dynasty of the great city of Tikal in AD 629 in order to control trade routes in the Petexbatún region, particularly the Pasión River. In AD 648 Dos Pilas broke away from Tikal and became a vassal state of Calakmul, although the first two kings of Dos Pilas continued to use the same emblem glyph that Tikal did. It was a predator state from the beginning, conquering Itzan, Arroyo de Piedra and Tamarindito. Dos Pilas and a nearby city, Aguateca, eventually became the twin capitals of a single ruling dynasty. The kingdom as a whole has been named as the Petexbatun Kingdom, after Lake Petexbatún, a body of water draining into the Pasión River.
Yax Nuun Ahiin I, also known as Curl Snout and Curl Nose, was a 4th-century ruler of the Maya city of Tikal. His name when transcribed is YAX-?-AH:N, translated "First? Crocodile". He took the throne on September 12, 379, and reigned until his death. He is referred to by the Mayan title ajaw, meaning lord.
Jasaw Chan K'awiil I also known as Ruler A, Ah Cacao and Sky Rain,, was an ajaw of the Maya city of Tikal. He took the throne on May 3, 682 and reigned until his death.
Yik'in Chan K'awiil also known as Ruler B, Yaxkin Caan Chac and Sun Sky Rain,, was an ajaw of the Maya city of Tikal. He took the throne on December 8, 734.
Yax Nuun Ahiin II also known as Ruler C and Chitam,, was an ajaw of the Maya city of Tikal. He took the throne on December 25, 768 and reigning probably until his death. He was son of Yik'in Chan K'awiil and brother of 28th Ruler. The monuments associated with Yax Nuun Ahiin II are: Stelae 19, 21 and Altars 6 and 10.
B'alaj Chan K'awiil was a Maya ruler of Dos Pilas. He is also known as Ruler 1, Flint Sky God K and Malah Chan K'awil.
Itzamnaaj K'awiil was a Mayan king of Dos Pilas. He was the third known ruler of that place. He is also known as the Ruler 2 and Shield God K.
Jasaw Chan K'awiil II also known as Stela 11 Ruler,, was an ajaw of the Maya city of Tikal. He ruled c.869. The monuments associated with Jasaw Chan K'awiil II are: Stela 11 and Altar 11.
Sihyaj Chan K'awiil II, also known as Storm Sky and Manikin Cleft Sky, was an ajaw of the Maya city of Tikal. He took the throne on November 26, 411 and reigned until his death. He was a son of his predecessor Yax Nuun Ahiin I and Lady K'inich, and a grandson of Spearthrower Owl. Stela 31, erected during his reign, describes the death of his grandfather in 439; other monuments associated with Sihyaj Chan K'awiil II are Stelae 1 and possibly Stelae 28. Tikal Temple 33 was Sihyaj Chan K'awiil II's funerary pyramid and his tomb was located beneath it.
Lady Lahan Unen Mo' also known as Lady 12 Baby Macaws and Kalajuun Une' Mo' was a Maya queen of Tikal as a wife of ajaw Jasaw Chan K'awiil I. She was the mother of ajaw Yik'in Chan K'awiil. She died in c.704.
Ruler Y was a Maya king of Calakmul. He is also known as Ruler 8 and Bolon K'awiil I. He reigned >741>.
Yuknoom Ch'een II', known as Yuknoom the Great, was a Mayan ruler of the Kaan kingdom, which had its capital at Calakmul during the Classic Period of Mesoamerican chronology.
K'ak' Yipyaj Chan K'awiil was a ruler of the Mayan city of Copán. He was the son of K'ak' Joplaj Chan K'awiil. The early period of his rulership fell within Copán's hiatus but later on he began a programme of renewal in an effort to recover from the earlier disaster of the city. He built a new version of Temple 26, with the Hieroglyphic Stairway being reinstalled on the new stairway and doubled in length. Five life-size statues of seated rulers were installed seated upon the stairway. K'ak' Yipyaj Chan K'awiil died in the early 760s and is likely to have been interred in Temple 11, although the tomb has not yet been excavated.
Animal Headdress, was ajaw ("lord") of the Maya city-state of Tikal. He was father of his successor Sihyaj Chan K'awiil I and husband of Lady Skull.
K'an Chitam, also known as Kan Boar and K'an Ak, was an ajaw of the Maya city of Tikal. He took the throne on August 8, 458. He was son of Sihyaj Chan K'awiil II and Lady Ahiin. The monuments associated with K'an Chitam are Stelae 2?, 9, 13 and 40.
Wak Chan K'awiil, also known as Double Bird, was an ajaw of the Maya city of Tikal. He took the throne on December 27, 537(?) and reigning probably until his death. He was son of Chak Tok Ich'aak II and Lady Hand. He sponsored accession of Yajaw Te' K'inich II, ruler of Caracol in 553. The monument associated with Wak Chan K'awiil is Stelae 17.
28th Ruler was an ajaw of the Maya city of Tikal. He ruled c.766-768. Little is known about this ruler. He was a son of 27th ruler of Tikal Yik'in Chan K'awiil and elder brother of his successor 29th ruler Yax Nuun Ahiin II.
