Wookey Hole Caves are a series of limestone caverns, a show cave and tourist attraction in the village of Wookey Hole on the southern edge of the Mendip Hills near Wells in Somerset, England. The River Axe flows through the cave. It is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) for both biological and geological reasons. Wookey Hole cave is a "solutional cave", one that is formed by a process of weathering in which the natural acid in groundwater dissolves the rocks. Some water originates as rain that flows into streams on impervious rocks on the plateau before sinking at the limestone boundary into cave systems such as Swildon's Hole, Eastwater Cavern and St Cuthbert's Swallet; the rest is rain that percolates directly through the limestone. The temperature in the caves is a constant 11 °C (52 °F).
Machu Picchu is a 15th-century Inca citadel located in the Eastern Cordillera of southern Peru on a 2,430-meter (7,970 ft) mountain ridge. Often referred to as the "Lost City of the Incas", it is the most familiar icon of the Inca Empire. It is located in the Machupicchu District within Urubamba Province above the Sacred Valley, which is 80 kilometers (50 mi) northwest of Cusco. The Urubamba River flows past it, cutting through the Cordillera and creating a canyon with a tropical mountain climate. In reference to the site's name, for most English or Spanish speakers, the first 'c' in Picchu is silent. In English, the name is pronounced MAH-choo PEE-choo or MATCH-oo PEAK-choo, in Spanish as or, and in Quechua as.
Krubera Cave is the second-deepest-known cave on Earth, after the Veryovkina Cave. It is located in the Arabika Massif of the Gagra Range of the Western Caucasus, in the Gagra District of Abkhazia, a partly recognised state, previously part of Soviet Georgia.
Huascarán National Park is a Peruvian national park that comprises most of the mountain range known as Cordillera Blanca which is part of the central Andes, in the region of Ancash. The park covers an area of 340,000 hectares and is managed by the Peruvian Network of Protected Natural Areas, or SERNANP. It was designated as a World Heritage Site in 1985 by UNESCO, is also a well-known mountaineering spot, and harbors a unique biodiversity with plant species such as the Queen of the Andes, trees of the genera Polylepis and Buddleja, and animals such as spectacled bears, condors, vicunas, and tarucas.
Gouffre Jean-Bernard or Réseau Jean Bernard, sometimes known simply as Jean Bernard, is the seventh deepest cave in the world, and the third deepest one in Europe. It is in the Alps in Samoëns, France. The first entrance to the cave was found by the French caving group Groupe Vulcain in 1963. More entrances have been found over the years since, and currently at least thirteen are known. The highest entrance, known as C37, is at 2,333 m (7,654 ft) above sea level. The cave is named after Jean Dupont and Bernard Raffy, two Groupe Vulcain members who died in 1963 in an unrelated expedition in Goule de Foussoubie Cave.
SP1 and variants may refer to:
Qaqa Mach'ay is a limestone cave located in the Yauyos Province of the Lima Region in central Peru, high in the Andes Mountains that was explored and surveyed in 2004 by an international expedition. At 4,930m above sea level, it is the highest surveyed cave in the world. The entrance to the cave is in the mountain named Wamp'una.
The Marble Arch Caves are a series of natural limestone caves located near the village of Florencecourt in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. The caves are named after the nearby Marble Arch, a natural limestone arch at the upstream end of Cladagh Glen under which the Cladagh River flows. The caves are formed from three rivers draining off the northern slopes of Cuilcagh mountain, which combine underground to form the Cladagh. On the surface, the river emerges from the largest karst resurgence in Ireland, and one of the largest in the United Kingdom. At 11.5 kilometres (7.1 mi) the Marble Arch Caves form the longest known cave system in Northern Ireland, and the karst is considered to be among the finest in the British Isles.
The Cordillera Central is part of the Andes in Peru. It extends in a northerly direction approximately between 11º 39’ and 12º 37’S and 75º 30’ and 76º 20’W for about 60 km to 100 km. It contains the Paryaqaqa (P), Yauyos (Y) and Pichqa Waqra (PW) mountain ranges. It is located in the Junín Region and in the Lima Region.
Cueva de los Tayos is a cave located on the eastern slopes of the Andes mountains in the Morona-Santiago province of Ecuador and became infamous for reportedly having 'golden plates' that contains the history of Mankind. It owes its name to being the home of the native nocturnal birds called Tayos, which live in numerous caves in the Andean jungles of South America. The cave shot up in popularity thanks to the writings of Erich von Däniken and the 1976 BCRA expedition that Neil Armstrong took part in. Despite numerous expeditions, these plates have never been recovered or photographed. The consensus from the archeological community is that the Golden Library was a hoax.
The Yauyos Province is a province located in the Lima Region of Peru. It is one of the eleven that make up that region.
Laraos District is one of thirty-three districts of the province Yauyos in the Lima Region in Peru.
The Nor Yauyos-Cochas Landscape Reserve is a protected area in Peru located in the Lima Region, Yauyos Province and in the Junín Region, Jauja Province. It lies with the Peruvian Yungas and Central Andean wet puna ecoregions.
The Pariacaca mountain range, also called Huarochirí mountain range lies in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Junín Region, in the provinces of Jauja and Yauli, and in the Lima Region, in the provinces of Huarochirí and Yauyos. It is part of the Cordillera Central of Peru.
Lake Pumacocha is a lake in Peru located in Laraos District, Yauyos Province, Lima. It has an elevation of 4,388 m and about 2 km long. Sima Pumaqucha which is considered the deepest cave in the Andes is located near the lake.
Wamp'una is a mountain in the Cordillera Central in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high. It contains one of the highest surveyed caves in the word, Qaqa Mach'ay. Wamp'una is located in the Lima Region, Yauyos Province, on the border of the districts of Huantán and Laraos. It lies southwest of T'uruyuq, southeast of the lake named Pumaqucha. It is situated on the southern border of the Nor Yauyos-Cochas Landscape Reserve.
Uchku is mountain in the Cordillera Central in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately 4,800 metres (15,748 ft) high. It is located in the Lima Region, Yauyos Province, Laraos District. Uchku lies southwest of a lake named Pumaqucha. The entrance to Sima Pumaqucha, one of the deepest caves of South America, is on the southern slope of the mountain.
Pavel Evgenjevič Demidov was a Russian speleologist, most known for his work in extreme cave exploration, especially as the leader of the Perovo-speleo team expeditions to Verëvkina cave on Arabika massif in Abkhazia, from 2017 the deepest cave in the world.
Cave diving is underwater diving in water-filled caves. The equipment used varies depending on the circumstances, and ranges from breath hold to surface supplied, but almost all cave diving is done using scuba equipment, often in specialised configurations with redundancies such as sidemount or backmounted twinset. Recreational cave diving is generally considered to be a type of technical diving due to the lack of a free surface during large parts of the dive, and often involves planned decompression stops. A distinction is made by recreational diver training agencies between cave diving and cavern diving, where cavern diving is deemed to be diving in those parts of a cave where the exit to open water can be seen by natural light. An arbitrary distance limit to the open water surface may also be specified. Despite the risks, water-filled caves attract scuba divers, cavers, and speleologists due to their often unexplored nature, and present divers with a technical diving challenge.
