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A perovskite is any material of formula ABX3 with a crystal structure similar to that of the mineral perovskite,which consists of calcium titanium oxide (CaTiO3). The mineral was first discovered in the Ural mountains of Russia by Gustav Rose in 1839 and named after Russian mineralogist L. A. Perovski (1792–1856). 'A' and 'B' are two positively charged ions (i.e. cations),often of very different sizes,and X is a negatively charged ion (an anion,frequently oxide) that bonds to both cations. The 'A' atoms are generally larger than the 'B' atoms. The ideal cubic structure has the B cation in 6-fold coordination,surrounded by an octahedron of anions,and the A cation in 12-fold cuboctahedral coordination. Additional perovskite forms may exist where both/either the A and B sites have a configuration of A1x-1A2x and/or B1y-1B2y and the X may deviate from the ideal coordination configuration as ions within the A and B sites undergo changes in their oxidation states.
Multiferroics are defined as materials that exhibit more than one of the primary ferroic properties in the same phase:
Nanomaterial-based catalysts are usually heterogeneous catalysts broken up into metal nanoparticles in order to enhance the catalytic process. Metal nanoparticles have high surface area,which can increase catalytic activity. Nanoparticle catalysts can be easily separated and recycled. They are typically used under mild conditions to prevent decomposition of the nanoparticles.
Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3,also commonly referred to as BFO in materials science) is an inorganic chemical compound with perovskite structure and one of the most promising multiferroic materials. The room-temperature phase of BiFeO3 is classed as rhombohedral belonging to the space group R3c. It is synthesized in bulk and thin film form and both its antiferromagnetic (G type ordering) Néel temperature (approximately 653 K) and ferroelectric Curie temperature are well above room temperature (approximately 1100K). Ferroelectric polarization occurs along the pseudocubic direction () with a magnitude of 90–95 μC/cm2.
Perovskite (pronunciation:) is a calcium titanium oxide mineral composed of calcium titanate (chemical formula CaTiO3). Its name is also applied to the class of compounds which have the same type of crystal structure as CaTiO3,known as the perovskite structure,which has a general chemical formula A2+B4+(X2−)3. Many different cations can be embedded in this structure,allowing the development of diverse engineered materials.
An electrocatalyst is a catalyst that participates in electrochemical reactions. Electrocatalysts are a specific form of catalysts that function at electrode surfaces or,most commonly,may be the electrode surface itself. An electrocatalyst can be heterogeneous such as a platinized electrode. Homogeneous electrocatalysts,which are soluble,assist in transferring electrons between the electrode and reactants,and/or facilitate an intermediate chemical transformation described by an overall half reaction. Major challenges in electrocatalysts focus on fuel cells.
The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide,also known as CO2RR,is the conversion of carbon dioxide to more reduced chemical species using electrical energy. It represents one potential step in the broad scheme of carbon capture and utilization.
Water oxidation is one of the half reactions of water splitting:
Yang Yang is a Taiwanese-American materials scientist. He is a Professor of Materials Science and Engineering,and Professor of Bioengineering at the University of California,Los Angeles,where he holds the Carol and Lawrence E. Tannas Jr. Endowed Chair in Engineering. Y
A perovskite solar cell (PSC) is a type of solar cell that includes a perovskite-structured compound,most commonly a hybrid organic–inorganic lead or tin halide-based material as the light-harvesting active layer. Perovskite materials,such as methylammonium lead halides and all-inorganic cesium lead halide,are cheap to produce and simple to manufacture.
Sillénite or sillenite is a mineral with the chemical formula Bi12SiO20. It is named after the Swedish chemist Lars Gunnar Sillén,who mostly studied bismuth-oxygen compounds. It is found in Australia,Europe,China,Japan,Mexico and Mozambique,typically in association with bismutite.
A tin-based perovskite solar cell is a special type of perovskite solar cell,based on a tin perovskite structure (ASnX3,where 'A' is a monovalent cation,tin is in its Sn (II) oxidation state and 'X' is a monovalent halogen anion). As a technology,tin-based perovskite solar cells are still in the research phase,and are even less-studied than their counterpart,lead-based perovskite solar cells. The main advantages of tin-based perovskite solar cells are that they are lead-free. There are environmental concerns with using lead-based perovskite solar cells in large-scale applications;one such concern is that since the material is soluble in water,and lead is highly toxic,any contamination from damaged solar cells could cause major health and environmental problems.
Mercouri Kanatzidis is a Charles E. and Emma H. Morrison Professor of chemistry and professor of materials science and engineering at Northwestern University and Senior Scientist at Argonne National Laboratory.
Dioxide Materials was founded in 2009 in Champaign,Illinois,and is now headquartered in Boca Raton,Florida. Its main business is to develop technology to lower the world's carbon footprint. Dioxide Materials is developing technology to convert carbon dioxide,water and renewable energy into carbon-neutral gasoline (petrol) or jet fuel. Applications include CO2 recycling,sustainable fuels production and reducing curtailment of renewable energy(i.e. renewable energy that could not be used by the grid).
Maksym V. Kovalenko is a full professor of inorganic chemistry and the head of the Functional Inorganic Materials group at ETH Zurich. A part of the research activities of the group are conducted at Empa (Dübendorf). He is working in the fields of solid-state chemistry,quantum dots and other nanomaterials,surface chemistry,self-assembly,optical spectroscopy,optoelectronics and energy storage.
Perovskite nanocrystals are a class of semiconductor nanocrystals,which exhibit unique characteristics that separate them from traditional quantum dots. Perovskite nanocrystals have an ABX3 composition where A = cesium,methylammonium (MA),or formamidinium (FA);B = lead or tin;and X = chloride,bromide,or iodide.
The carbonate chlorides are double salts containing both carbonate and chloride anions. Quite a few minerals are known. Several artificial compounds have been made. Some complexes have both carbonate and chloride ligands. They are part of the family of halocarbonates. In turn these halocarbonates are a part of mixed anion materials.
Fred Wudl is an American materials scientist,academic researcher. He is a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Materials Engineering at the University of California,Santa Barbara.
Sean Smith is the director of NCI Australia with a conjoint position of professor of computational nanomaterials science and technology at the Australian National University (ANU).
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are candidates for display and lighting technologies. Researchers have shown interest in perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) owing to their capacity for emitting light with narrow bandwidth,adjustable spectrum,ability to deliver high color purity,and solution fabrication.
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- ↑ Bennett, Thomas D.; Yue, Yuanzheng; Li, Peng; Qiao, Ang; Tao, Haizheng; Greaves, Neville G.; Richards, Tom; Lampronti, Giulio I.; Redfern, Simon A. T.; Blanc, Frédéric; Farha, Omar K.; Hupp, Joseph T.; Cheetham, Anthony K.; Keen, David A. (March 16, 2016). "Melt-Quenched Glasses of Metal–Organic Frameworks". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 138 (10): 3484–3492. doi:10.1021/jacs.5b13220. hdl: 2160/43170 . PMID 26885940 – via CrossRef.
- ↑ Palai, R.; Katiyar, R. S.; Schmid, H.; Tissot, P.; Clark, S. J.; Robertson, J.; Redfern, S. A. T.; Catalan, G.; Scott, J. F. (January 28, 2008). "Beta phase and gamma beta metal-insulator transition in multiferroic BiFeO3". Physical Review B. 77 (1): 014110. arXiv: 0705.2883 . Bibcode:2008PhRvB..77a4110P. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.77.014110 – via APS.
- ↑ Li, Weidong; Liu, Yuan; Wu, Min; Feng, Xiaolei; Redfern, Simon A. T.; Shang, Yuan; Yong, Xue; Feng, Tanglue; Wu, Kaifeng; Liu, Zhongyi; Li, Baojun; Chen, Zhimin; Tse, John S.; Lu, Siyu; Yang, Bai (August 24, 2018). "Carbon-Quantum-Dots-Loaded Ruthenium Nanoparticles as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Production in Alkaline Media". Advanced Materials. 30 (31): e1800676. Bibcode:2018AdM....3000676L. doi:10.1002/adma.201800676. PMID 29920795 – via CrossRef.
- ↑ Peng, Zhikun; Wang, Haiyang; Zhou, Leilei; Wang, Yibo; Gao, Jie; Liu, Guoji; Redfern, Simon A. T.; Feng, XiaoLei; Lu, Siyu; Li, Baojun; Liu, Zhongyi (March 19, 2019). "Hollow carbon shells enhanced by confined ruthenium as cost-efficient and superior catalysts for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction". Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 7 (12): 6676–6685. doi:10.1039/C8TA09136F – via pubs.rsc.org.
- ↑ Tao, Songyuan; Lu, Siyu; Geng, Yijia; Zhu, Shoujun; Redfern, Simon A. T.; Song, Yubin; Feng, Tanglue; Xu, Weiqing; Yang, Bai (February 23, 2018). "Design of Metal-Free Polymer Carbon Dots: A New Class of Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Materials". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 57 (9): 2393–2398. doi:10.1002/anie.201712662. PMID 29356331 – via CrossRef.
- ↑ Zeng, Qingsen; Zhang, Xiaoyu; Feng, Xiaolei; Lu, Siyu; Chen, Zhaolai; Yong, Xue; Redfern, Simon A. T.; Wei, Haotong; Wang, Haiyu; Shen, Huaizhong; Zhang, Wei; Zheng, Weitao; Zhang, Hao; Tse, John S.; Yang, Bai (March 24, 2018). "Polymer-Passivated Inorganic Cesium Lead Mixed-Halide Perovskites for Stable and Efficient Solar Cells with High Open-Circuit Voltage over 1.3 V". Advanced Materials. 30 (9). Bibcode:2018AdM....3005393Z. doi:10.1002/adma.201705393. PMID 29333763 – via CrossRef.
- ↑ Ma, Zhiwei; Liu, Zhun; Lu, Siyu; Wang, Lingrui; Feng, Xiaolei; Yang, Dongwen; Wang, Kai; Xiao, Guanjun; Zhang, Lijun; Redfern, Simon A. T.; Zou, Bo (October 29, 2018). "Pressure-induced emission of cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 4506. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.4506M. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06840-8. PMC 6206024 . PMID 30374042.
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