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Sir Alexander Carew | |
---|---|
Governor of St Nicholas' Island, Plymouth | |
In office 1642 –August 1643 | |
Member of Parliament for Cornwall | |
In office November 1640 –September 1643 (suspended) | |
Personal details | |
Born | Antony,Cornwall | 30 August 1609
Died | 23 December 1644 35) Tower Hill | (aged
Cause of death | Executed for treason |
Resting place | St Augustine's,Hackney |
Nationality | English |
Spouse | Jane Rolle (1606–1679) |
Relations | John Carew;James Chudleigh; |
Children | Sir John Carew;Richard (1641-1691) Joan (?-1716);Mary;Bridget |
Parent(s) | Bridget Chudleigh (ca 1584–1612);Sir Richard Carew (1580–1643) |
Occupation | Landowner,soldier and politician |
Military service | |
Allegiance | England |
Battles/wars | First English Civil War |
Sir Alexander Carew (30 August 1608 –23 December 1644) was an English landowner,soldier and politician from Antony,Cornwall. Elected Member of Parliament for Cornwall in November 1640,he voted for the execution of the Earl of Strafford in May 1641,and supported the removal of bishops from the Church of England.
When the First English Civil War began in August 1642,he was one of the relatively few members of the Cornish gentry who backed Parliament. In March 1643,he was appointed commander of St Nicholas' Island,a key defensive position for Plymouth. He was arrested in August,after attempting to switch sides and handing over the island to the Royalists,and was taken to London. [1]
In a demonstration of Parliament's commitment to winning the war,he was executed for treason in December 1644,followed in January by Sir John Hotham,his son John Hotham the younger,and Archbishop Laud. His half-brother,John Carew,was executed as a regicide in October 1660.
Alexander Carew was born on 30 August 1608, [2] the eldest surviving son of Sir Richard Carew,1st Baronet (c. 1580–1643),and his first wife,Bridget Chudleigh (ca 1584–1612). In 1621,Sir Richard remarried,this time to Grace Rolle (1606–1655);their four sons included John Carew,who signed the death warrant for Charles I,and was executed for treason,in October 1660. [3] Richard Carew was a moderate Puritan,who was more interested in education,inventions,and breeding cats;in August 1641,he purchased a baronetcy,a method used by Charles I to raise money. [3]
In 1631,Alexander married Jane Rolle (1606–1679);they had five children who lived to adulthood,Bridget,Mary,Joan,John,and Richard. [4]
Although there is no record of which university he attended,in 1628 Carew entered the Middle Temple to acquire legal training,then considered part of a gentleman's education. Like his father and grandfather before him,in November 1640 Carew was elected Member of Parliament for Cornwall. He supported the removal of bishops from the Church of England,and voted for the execution of the Earl of Strafford in May 1641. He reportedly claimed "If I were sure to be the next man,that should suffer upon the same scaffold,with the same axe,I would give my consent." [2]
When the First English Civil War began in August 1642,Carew was one of the relatively few members of the Cornish gentry who openly supported Parliament,and was appointed to numerous committees as a result. After succeeding his father in March 1643,he was made a member of the Cornish Sequestration Committee,and commander of St Nicholas' Island,a key defensive position for Plymouth. Many went to war in 1642 expecting a single,decisive battle;by 1643,it was clear this was incorrect,and Parliamentarians like Carew whose estates lay in occupied territory faced financial ruin. [2]
The summer of 1643 was the highpoint of Royalist success,and by August they controlled the entire West Country with the exception of Plymouth and Exeter. Carew's cousin James Chudleigh,leader of Parliamentarian forces in Devon,switched sides after being captured at Stratton in May,and he himself now opened negotiations to do the same. In August,he ordered his men to open fire on a Parliamentarian warship entering harbour;they refused,and he allegedly escaped lynching only after the ship's captain intervened on his behalf. [5]
Accused of treason,Carew was held in the Tower of London,and expelled from Parliament. [1] As the war grew more bitter,both sides began using martial law to prosecute senior officers who had defected. In August 1644,Parliament established a military tribunal to try those suspected of treachery;in November,Carew was sentenced to death,along with the former commander of Hull,Sir John Hotham,and his son. These sentences were supported by those like Oliver Cromwell,who felt the war risked being lost due to lack of commitment. [6]
His wife petitioned Parliament,who dismissed her claim that he was "in a kind of distracted condition and unfit to die",but gave him a month to arrange his affairs. He was executed on Tower Hill in December 1644,followed in January by the Hothams,and Archbishop Laud;held since 1641,it was widely believed he was put to death to please the Scots Covenanters. [7] Carew was buried in the graveyard attached to St Augustine's Tower,Hackney.
His social standing seemed unaffected either by his execution,or that of his half-brother in 1660;John inherited title and estates,and he and Richard both served as MPs. Of their three sisters,Mary married John Sparke (1636-1680),MP for Plymouth,Joan married Walter Kendall,MP for Lostwithiel. [8] Bridget's husband was John Pendarves of Roscrow;their son Alexander was an MP from 1689 to 1725. [9]
The Battle of Lostwithiel took place over a 13-day period from 21 August to 2 September 1644,around the town of Lostwithiel and along the River Fowey valley in Cornwall during the First English Civil War. A Royalist army led by Charles I of England defeated a Parliamentarian force commanded by the Earl of Essex.
Sir Richard Grenville was a professional soldier from Cornwall,who served in the Thirty Years War,and 1638 to 1651 Wars of the Three Kingdoms. He was the younger brother of Sir Bevil Grenville,who died at Lansdowne in 1643,and grandson of Admiral Sir Richard,killed at Flores in 1591.
Sir Bevil Grenville was an English landowner and soldier who sat as a Member of Parliament for various constituencies between 1620 and 1642,although during those years there were few parliamentary sessions. When the First English Civil War broke out in August 1642,he joined the Royalists and played a leading role in their early campaigns in the West Country. He was killed in action at the Battle of Lansdowne in 1643.
John Carew was a member of the landed gentry from Antony,Cornwall and MP for Tregony from 1647 to 1653. A prominent supporter of the Fifth Monarchists,a millenarianist religious sect,he backed Parliament and the Commonwealth in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms and approved the Execution of Charles I in January 1649. He held various administrative positions during the Interregnum,including membership of the English Council of State,but was deprived of office and jailed in 1655 for his opposition to The Protectorate.
Sir Nicholas Slanning was a soldier and landowner from Devon who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1642. He served in the Royalist army during the First English Civil War and was mortally wounded at Bristol on 26 July 1643.
The Battle of Sourton Down took place on 25 April 1643,near Sourton,in Devon,during the First English Civil War. A Parliamentarian force under James Chudleigh defeated a Royalist army under Sir Ralph Hopton. Casualties on both sides were light,and the result had little impact on the strategic position in the West Country.
Cornwall played a significant role in the English Civil War,being a Royalist enclave in the generally Parliamentarian south-west.
The New Cornish Tertia were four Royalist regiments of infantry raised in Cornwall and Devon by Sir Richard Grenville,1st Baronet in 1644,during the English Civil War. As the maps aside show,Cornwall and Wales were staunch Royalist strongholds whilst South East England was held by Parliament,and the remainder of England was in dispute.
The Battle of Stratton,also known as the Battle of Stamford Hill,took place on 16 May 1643,at Stratton in Cornwall,during the First English Civil War. In the battle the Royalists destroyed Parliament's field army in Devon and Cornwall.
John Arundell of Trerice (1613–1644) was a landowner from Cornwall who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1644. He supported the Royalist cause during the First English Civil War and was killed during the Siege of Plymouth in November 1644.
Sir John Hotham the younger,known as Captain Hotham,was an English member of parliament and military commander who fought for the Parliamentarians during the First English Civil War. He was executed for treason in 1645.
Sir Richard Carew,1st Baronet,of Antony in Cornwall,was a British writer and Member of Parliament.
Richard Arundell,1st Baron Arundell of Trerice of Trerice in Cornwall,was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1640 and 1664 when he was raised to the peerage. He fought in the Royalist army during the First English Civil War.
Anthony Nicholl was an English politician,friend and associate of Parliamentary leaders John Pym and John Hampden.
Alexander Pendarves,MP was a Cornish landowner and Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1689 and 1725.
Charles Trevanion,c. 1594 to c. 1660,was an English landowner and politician,who was MP for Cornwall in 1625 and Sheriff from 1633 to 1634. He supported the Royalist cause during the First English Civil War,during which his eldest son John Trevanion was killed.
Sir William Godolphin was an English soldier and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1640. He fought for the Royalist cause in the English Civil War.
Sir George Chudleigh,1st Baronet,of Ashton,Devon,was an English landowner and politician,who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1601 and 1625. He had close family connections to a group of Devon Presbyterians,including Sir William Strode.
Colonel James Chudleigh was an English military officer,who served in the First English Civil War. Initially appointed to command the Parliamentarian garrison at Barnstaple,he showed considerable ability,and was quickly promoted.
The siege of Plymouth took place during the First English Civil War,when Royalist forces besieged Plymouth,in Devon,held by a Parliamentary garrison.