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Chinook Jargon is a language originating as a pidgin trade language in the Pacific Northwest. It spread during the 19th century from the lower Columbia River, first to other areas in modern Oregon and Washington, then British Columbia and parts of Alaska, Northern California, Idaho and Montana while sometimes taking on characteristics of a creole language. It is partly descended from the Chinook language, upon which much of its vocabulary is based. Approximately 15 percent of its lexicon is French, and it also makes use of English loanwords and those of other language systems. Its entire written form is in the Duployan shorthand developed by French priest Émile Duployé.
Chinookan peoples include several groups of Indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest in the United States who speak the Chinookan languages. Since at least 4000 BCE Chinookan peoples have resided along the Lower and Middle Columbia River (Wimahl) from the river's gorge downstream (west) to the river's mouth, and along adjacent portions of the coasts, from Tillamook Head of present-day Oregon in the south, north to Willapa Bay in southwest Washington. In 1805 the Lewis and Clark Expedition encountered the Chinook Tribe on the lower Columbia.
The Umpqua people are an umbrella group of several distinct tribal entities of Native Americans of the Umpqua Basin in present-day south central Oregon in the United States. The area south of Roseburg is now known as the Umpqua Valley.
The Kalapuya are a Native American people, which had eight independent groups speaking three mutually intelligible dialects. The Kalapuya tribes' traditional homelands were the Willamette Valley of present-day western Oregon in the United States, an area bounded by the Cascade Range to the east, the Oregon Coast Range at the west, the Columbia River at the north, to the Calapooya Mountains of the Umpqua River at the south.
The Willamette Falls is a natural waterfall on the Willamette River between Oregon City and West Linn, Oregon, in the United States. It is the largest waterfall in the Northwestern United States by volume, and the seventeenth widest in the world. Horseshoe in shape, it is 1,500 feet (460 m) wide and 40 feet (12 m) high with a flow of 30,849 cu ft/s, located 26 miles (42 km) upriver from the Willamette's mouth. Willamette Falls is a culturally significant site for many tribal communities in the region.
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Harvey Whitefield Scott (1838–1910) was an American pioneer who traveled to Oregon in 1852. Scott was a long-time editorialist, and eventual part owner of The Oregonian newspaper. Scott was regarded by his contemporaries as instrumental in bringing the state of Oregon firmly into the political camp of the Republican Party.
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The Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission (CRITFC) is a fishery resource for the treaty tribes of the Columbia River. Under the treaty, the native tribes, The Nez Perce Tribe, Warm Springs Reservation Tribe, and Umatilla Indian Reservation Tribe, have to the right to fish in the Columbia River, which means their fishery must be reserve and protect.
Kathryn Jones Harrison is a leader of the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon.
Eleanor Florence Baldwin (1854-1928) was a Progressive Era radical journalist who wrote newspaper columns, treatises, and gave pro-suffrage speeches in Portland, Oregon. Baldwin was an advocate for labor rights and women's rights, a “critic of finance capitalism with an abolitionist heritage” who denounced the Catholic Church and once wrote an article for the official newspaper of the Ku Klux Klan, The Western American.
References
- ↑ "Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde".
- 1 2 https://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/history/smokesignals/ and https://odnp.uoregon.edu/grand-ronde-smoke-signals/
- ↑ Minke, Tabitha (2016). "Christman v. Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde: A Chapter in the Disenrollment Epidemic". American Indian Law Review. 41 (1).
- ↑ "Casino's Success Has Kindred Asking to Join Tribe". The Associated Press. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. April 12, 1999.
- ↑ Prince, Richard (January 7, 2017). "Oregon Tribe Votes for Freedom of the Press". journal-isms.com. Retrieved October 27, 2018.
- ↑ Martinis, Cheryl (February 23, 2002). "2 Will Honor Ancestors by Walking Miles in their Shoes". The Oregonian.
- ↑ Freeman, Joe (August 14, 2005). "Is it tribal respect . . . or ridicule?". Oregonian.
- ↑ Rozeff, Norman (May 20, 2018). "What's in a newspaper name?". Valley Morning Star.
- ↑ "Grand Ronde Tribe adopts Independent Press Ordinance". Native American Journalists Association. January 5, 2017. Retrieved 2018-10-27.
- ↑ "NAJA Announces 2017 Award Winners". IndianCountryToday.com. August 17, 2017. Retrieved 2018-10-27.
- ↑ http://orenews.com/pub/doc/ANC-2020-Script.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]