Songs of the Spanish Civil War were folk songs and anthems brought by fighters on both sides of the War. The songs were adapted into marching songs, or sung around campfires.
Songs of the Spanish Civil War were folk songs and anthems brought by fighters on both sides of the War. The songs were adapted into marching songs, or sung around campfires.
Eusko Gudariak was the republican anthem of the Eusko Gudarostea, the army of the Basque Autonomous Government during the Spanish Civil War. The song used to refer to the defense of the Basque country within the Republic of Spain against the nationalist Spain army.
The "Argentine National Anthem" is the national anthem of Argentina. Its lyrics were written by the Buenos Aires-born politician Vicente López y Planes and the music was composed by the Spanish musician Blas Parera. The work was adopted as the sole official song on 11 May 1813, three years after the May Revolution; 11 May is therefore now Anthem Day in Argentina.
The Marcha Real is the national anthem of Spain. It is one of only four national anthems in the world – along with those of Bosnia and Herzegovina, San Marino and Kosovo – that have no official lyrics. Although many different lyrics have been made for it in the past, it has never had official lyrics as a national anthem.
The "Himno Nacional de Costa Rica", also known by its incipit, "Noble patria, tu hermosa bandera", is the national anthem of Costa Rica. Its music was composed by Manuel María Gutiérrez Flores, who dedicated the score to French adventurer Gabriel-Pierre Lafond de Lurcy, and adopted in 1852. The music was created to receive delegates from the United Kingdom and the United States that year for the Webster-Crampton Treaty. It was the first Central American national anthem.
Cara al Sol is the anthem of the Falange Española de las JONS. The lyrics were written in December 1935 and are usually credited to the leader of the Falange, José Antonio Primo de Rivera. The music was composed by Juan Tellería and Juan R. Buendia.
Marcha de Oriamendi, is the anthem of the Carlist movement. The name of the anthem stems from the battle of Oriamendi which took place in 1837 during the First Carlist War.
"¡Ay Carmela!" is one of the most famous songs of the Spanish Republican troops during the Spanish Civil War.
The Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista, frequently shortened to just "FET", was the sole legal party of the Francoist regime in Spain. It was created by General Francisco Franco in 1937 as a merger of the fascist Falange Española de las JONS with the monarchist neo-absolutist and integralist Catholic Traditionalist Communion belonging to the Carlist movement. In addition to the resemblance of names, the party formally retained most of the platform of FE de las JONS and a similar inner structure. In force until April 1977, it was rebranded as the Movimiento Nacional in 1958.
The Carabineros was an armed carabiniers force of Spain under both the monarchy and the Second Republic. The formal mission of this paramilitary gendarmerie was to patrol the coasts and borders of the country, operating against fraud and smuggling. As such the Carabineros performed the dual roles of frontier guards and customs officials.
The "National Anthem of the Republic of Colombia" is the official name of the national anthem of Colombia. It was originally written as a poem in 1850 by future President Rafael Núñez as an ode to celebrate the independence of Cartagena. The music was composed by Italian-born opera musician Oreste Síndici, at the request of Bogotan actor José Domingo Torres, during the presidency of Núñez, and with lyrics refined by Núñez himself, it was presented to the public for the first time on 11 November 1887. The song became very popular and was quickly adopted, albeit spontaneously, as the national anthem of Colombia.
Óscar Esplá y Triay was a Spanish composer. The Conservatorio Superior de Música (conservatory) of the city of Alicante is dedicated to him. The Premio internacional de composición Óscar Esplá was created in 1955 and is awarded by the city of Alicante.
"Hijos del pueblo" is a Spanish song originating from the labor movement, primarily inspired by anarcho-syndicalism.
The Unification Decree was a political measure adopted by Francisco Franco in his capacity of Head of State of Nationalist Spain on April 19, 1937. The decree merged two existing political groupings, the Falangists and the Carlists, into a new party - the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista. As all other parties were declared dissolved at the same time, the FET became the only legal party in Nationalist Spain. It was defined in the decree as a link between state and society and was intended to form the basis for an eventual totalitarian regime. The head of state – Franco himself – was proclaimed party leader, to be assisted by the Junta Política and Consejo Nacional. A set of decrees which followed shortly after appointed members to the new executive.
Cantos nacionales were three songs of the Spanish Civil War recognized by Francoist Spain as honoring their fallen. The Decree 226/1937 of the Burgos Junta declared the Marcha Granadera as the Spanish anthem. It also recognizes as cantos nacionales the anthems of Falange Española, Carlism (Oriamendi) and the Spanish Legion ordering that they should be listened to standing in homage to the Fatherland and the fallen. A decree from 1942 reinstates the songs and orders that, in official events, the playing of the anthem and the songs must be saluted with a "national salute", or a military salute if the event is exclusively military.
The Ministry of the Army was a government department of Spain that was tasked with oversight of the Spanish Army during the Francoist regime.
The Ministry of the Air was a government department of Spain that was tasked with oversight of both the Spanish Air Force and civil aviation during the Francoist regime.
The second government of Francisco Franco was formed on 9 August 1939, following the end of the Spanish Civil War. It succeeded the first Franco government and was the Government of Spain from 9 August 1939 to 20 July 1945, a total of 2,172 days, or 5 years, 11 months and 11 days.
Manuel Díez-Alegría Gutiérrez was a Spanish military officer who served as Chief of the Defence High Command (Alto Estado Mayor, AEM) between 1970 and 1974, i.e., chief of staff of the Spanish Armed Forces during the Francoist dictatorship.
Álvaro de Lacalle Leloup was a Spanish military officer who served as President of the Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff (Junta de Jefes de Estado Mayor, JUJEM) between 1982 and 1984, i.e., chief of staff of the Spanish Armed Forces at the time.
"Arroja la bomba" was one of the most popular anarchist songs of the Republican faction during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939).
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