Sophia of Rome | |
---|---|
Born | Unknown |
Died | 304 AD Rome |
Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church; Eastern Orthodox Church |
Feast | May 15 (in Germany, celebrated as Sophientag) |
Attributes | palm, book, trough, and sword |
Patronage | invoked against late frosts |
Saint Sophia of Rome is venerated as a Christian martyr. She is identified in hagiographical tradition with the figure of Sophia of Milan, the mother of Saints Faith, Hope and Charity, whose veneration is attested for the sixth century.
However, there are conflicting hagiographical traditions; one tradition[ citation needed ] makes Sophia herself a martyr under the Diocletian Persecution (303/4). This conflicts with the much more widespread hagiographical tradition (BHL 2966, also extant in Greek, Armenian and Georgian versions) placing Sophia, the mother of Faith, Hope, and Charity, in the time of Diocletian (early fourth century) and reporting her dying not as a martyr but mourning for her martyred daughters. [1] Her relics are said[ citation needed ] to have been translated to the convent at Eschau, Alsace in 778, and her cult spread to Germany from there. Acta Sanctorum reports that her feast day of 15 May is attested in German, Belgian, and English breviaries of the 16th century. [2]
Roman Catholic hagiography of the early modern period attempted to identify Saint Sophia venerated in Germany with various records of martyrs named Sophia recorded in the early medieval period, among them a record from the time of Pope Sergius II (9th century) reporting an inscription mentioning a virgin martyr named Sophia at the high altar of the church of San Martino ai Monti. [2] Saxer (2000) suggests that her veneration may indeed have originated in the later sixth century based on such inscriptions of the fourth to sixth centuries. [1]
Based on her feast day on 15 May, Sophia became one of the "Ice Saints", the saints whose feast days are traditionally associated with the last possibility of frost in Central Europe. She is known as kalte Sophie "cold Sophia" in Germany, [3] and in Slovenia as poscana Zofka "pissy Sophia" [4] [5] [6] [7] or mokra Zofija "wet Sophia". [8] [9]
Sophia is depicted on a column in the nave of St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna; it dates from the 15th century. [3]
Churches dedicated to Sophia of Rome include:
Agnes of Rome is a virgin martyr, venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church, Oriental Orthodox Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church, as well as the Anglican Communion and Lutheran Churches. St. Agnes is one of several virgin martyrs commemorated by name in the Canon of the Mass.
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Sophia, also spelled Sofia, is a feminine given name, from Greek Σοφία, Sophía, "Wisdom". Other forms include Sophie, Sophy, and Sofie. The given name is first recorded in the beginning of the 4th century. It is a common female name in the Eastern Orthodox countries. It became very popular in the West beginning in the later 1990s and became one of the most popularly given girls' names in the Western world in the first decades of the 21st century.
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Saint Justus of Trieste is a Roman Catholic saint.
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