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Patel is an Indian surname or title, predominantly found in the state of Gujarat, representing the community of land-owning farmers and later businessmen, agriculturalists and merchants. Traditionally the title is a status name referring to the village chieftains during medieval times, and was later retained as successive generations stemmed out into communities of landowners. Circa 2015 there are roughly 500,000 Patels outside India, including about 150,000 in the United Kingdom and about 150,000 in the United States. As of the 2000 U.S. Census, yearly 1 in 10 people of Indian origin in the US is a Patel.
Parmar, also known as Panwar is a Rajput clan found in Northern and Central India, especially in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and North Maharashtra. The Panwar ruled in Ujjain and later in Dhar.
Lohana are a trading or mercantile jāti mostly in India and also in Pakistan.
Jadeja is a Samma Rajput clan that inhabits the Indian state of Gujarat and the Tharparkar district of Sindh, Pakistan. They originated from Sammas of Sindh, a pastoral group, and laid a claim on the Rajput identity after marriages with Sodha Rajput women by adopting a process called Rajputisation.
Ahir or Aheer is a community of traditionally non-elite pastoralists in India, most members of which identify as being of the Indian Yadav community because they consider the two terms to be synonymous. The Ahirs are variously described as a caste, a clan, a community, a race and a tribe.
The Gujarati people, or Gujaratis, are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group who reside in or can trace their ancestry or heritage to a region of the Indian subcontinent primarily centered in the present-day western Indian state of Gujarat. They primarily speak Gujarati, an Indo-Aryan language. While Gujaratis mainly inhabit Gujarat, they have a diaspora worldwide. Many notable independence activists were Gujarati, including Mahatma Gandhi, Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Vallabhbhai Patel.
Charan is a caste in South Asia natively residing in the Rajasthan and Gujarat states of India, as well as the Sindh and Balochistan provinces of Pakistan. Historically, Charans have been engaged in diverse occupations like bards, poets, historians, pastoralists, agriculturalists and also administrators, jagirdars and warriors and some even as traders.
The Bhadala or Bhodala is a community of seamen and fishermen found in Sindh, Pakistan and Kutch and Saurashtra regions of Gujarat in India. In Pakistan, they are found mainly in Southern Sindh.
The Manka are a community found in the state of Gujarat in India. There are Hindu and Muslim Mankas.
The Vala, or Wala is a Gujarati clan (Gotra) mostly found among Koli, Rajput and Kathi castes of Gujarat.
The Machhoya are a Gotra of the Ahir found in the Rajkot, Kutch, Junagadh, Dwarka, Amreli, Bhavnagar, Morbi, Jamnagar districts of Gujarat in India.
The Paratharia Ahir are a gotra of the Yaduvanshi Ahir caste found in the Kutch District of Gujarat state in India. The Paratharia Ahir community consist of a number of clans, the main ones being the Dangar, Bala, Batta, Jatiya, Kerasiya, Chad, Chhanga, Chavada, Gagal, Dheela, Mata and Varchand.
The Pancholi are a gotra of the Ahir caste found in the state of Gujarat, India. they claim that they migrated to the Panchal area of Saurashtra from Gokul mathura along with Krishna.
Ahir is a caste found in the Indian subcontinent, mainly modern-day India, Nepal and Pakistan. The Ahir clans are spread almost all over country.
Mer, Maher or Mehar is a caste from the Saurashtra region of Gujarat in India. They are largely based in the Porbandar district, comprising the Ghēḍ and Barḍā areas, and they speak a dialect of the Gujarati language. The Mers of the Ghēḍ and Barḍā form two groups of the jāti and together they are the main cultivators in the Porbandar.
The Media in Gujarati language started with publication of Bombay Samachar in 1822. Initially the newspapers published business news and they were owned by Parsi people based in Bombay. Later Gujarati newspapers started published from other parts of Gujarat. Several periodicals devoted to social reforms were published in the second half of the 19th century. After arrival of Mahatma Gandhi, the Indian independence movement peaked and it resulted in proliferation of Gujarati media. Following independence, the media was chiefly focused on political news. After bifurcation of Bombay state, the area of service changed. Later there was an increase in readership due to growth of literacy and the media houses expanded its readership by publishing more editions. Later these media houses ventured into digital media also. The radio and television media expanded after 1990.
Vatalia or Vataliya Prajapati are an endogamous Hindu group and a sub-caste of Prajapati found only in Gujarat.
The Kansara caste is a Hindu caste whose traditional occupation is the making of metal utensils; they inhabit the Indian states of Maharashtra and Gujarat.
Audichya Brahmins are a Hindu Brahmin sub-caste mainly from the Indian state of Gujarat. They are the most numerous Brahmin community in Gujarat. A minority of them reside in the Indian state of Rajasthan.
Chavda or Chawda is an Indian Gujarati surname, mostly found among the Katia, Rabari and Ahir caste groups based in the Indian states of the Gujarat and Rajasthan.
References
- ↑ Rawat, Ramnarayan S. (23 March 2011). Reconsidering Untouchability: Chamars and Dalit History in North India. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-22262-6.
- 1 2 Singh, K. S. (1995). The Scheduled Castes. Oxford University Press. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-19-563742-7.